{"id":54723,"date":"2019-12-30T21:00:58","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T15:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/?p=54723"},"modified":"2020-02-27T12:37:54","modified_gmt":"2020-02-27T07:07:54","slug":"9-pm-current-affairs-brief-december-30th-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-current-affairs-brief-december-30th-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Current Affairs Brief \u2013 December 30th, 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/indian-constitution-preamble-citizenship-amendment-act-caa-protests-br-ambedkar-6190828\/\"><strong>Explained:About\nthe Preamble of the Indian Constitution <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>The Constitution particularly its Preamble, has frequently been at the\ncentre of the ongoing debate over the Citizenship Amendment Act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nPreamble:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The term \u2018preamble\u2019 refers to the\nintroduction or preface to the Constitution.It contains the summary or essence\nof the Constitution.<\/li><li>It serves two purposes namely\n(a)indicates the source from which the Constitution derives its authority and\n(b)It also states the objects which the Constitution seeks to establish and\npromote.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source\nof Preamble:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Preamble is based on the\nObjective Resolution moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in the Constituent Assembly on\nDecember 13,1946.The Resolution was adopted on January 22, 1947.<\/li><li>On October 17, 1949,the\nConstituent Assembly presided by Rajendra Prasad took up the Preamble for\ndiscussion.<\/li><li>It was adopted on 26 November 1949\nby the Constituent Assembly and came into effect on 26 January 1950, celebrated\nas the Republic Day in India.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Preamble:<\/strong>The Preamble to the Constitution of India states:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cWe<\/strong>,<strong>THE PEOPLE OF INDIA<\/strong>, having\nsolemnly resolved to constitute India into a <strong>SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC <\/strong>and to secure to\nall its citizens:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>JUSTICE<\/strong>, social, economic and political;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LIBERTY<\/strong> of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>EQUALITY<\/strong> of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>FRATERNITY<\/strong> assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of\nthe Nation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth\nday of November, 1949, HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS\nCONSTITUTION\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Amendments:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The original Preamble, adopted by\nthe Constituent Assembly in 1949, declared India a \u201cSovereign Democratic\nRepublic\u201d.<\/li><li>By the 42nd Amendment of 1976, the\nwords \u201cSocialist\u201d and \u201cSecular\u201d were inserted; the Preamble now reads\n\u201cSovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic\u201d.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Supreme\nCourt cases related to Preamble:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Berubari\nUnion case,1960:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Supreme Court said that the\nPreamble shows the general purposes behind the several provisions in the\nConstitution.<\/li><li>However,it held that the Preamble\nis not a part of the Constitution.It is also not the source to prohibit the\npower which is given explicitly in the Constitution.Further,the Preamble is\nalso not enforceable in a Court of Law.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kesavananda\nBharaticase,1973:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Supreme Court rejected the\nearlier opinion (in the Berubari Case) and held that the Preamble is a part of\nthe Constitution. <\/li><li>It has observed that Preamble is\nsubject to the amending power of the Parliament as are any other provisions of\nthe Constitution,provided the basic structure of the Constitution is not\ndestroyed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/3-years-on-a-mere-30-of-poshan-abhiyaan-funds-used\/article30427608.ece\"><strong>3 years on, a\nmere 30% of Poshan Abhiyaan funds used<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>According to the data shared in Parliament, State governments\/UTs have\nutilised a mere 30% of the funds released under the Poshan Abhiyaan or the\nNational Nutrition Mission since it was launched in 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key\ntakeaways from the data:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The five best performers in terms\nof fund utilisation were Mizoram , Lakshadweep, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh and\nMeghalaya.<\/li><li>The worst five performers were\nPunjab, Karnataka, Kerala, Jharkhand and Assam.<\/li><li>The programme was conceptualised\nto be implemented in phases so the utilisation will increase over the years.<\/li><li>However,few services have showed a\nslow start and are now pickling up like the Integrated Child Development\nServices-Common Application Software(ICDS-CAS).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nPoshan Abhiyan:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Prime Minister\u2019s Overarching\nScheme for Holistic Nutrition or POSHAN Abhiyaan or National Nutrition Mission\nis Government of India\u2019s flagship programme.<\/li><li>It is aimed at improving\nnutritional outcomes among pregnant women, lactating mothers and children by\nreducing the level of stunting, underweight, anaemia and low birth weight by\n2022.<\/li><li>The mission is implemented by the\nMinistry of Women and Child Development.<\/li><li>The mission targets to reduce\nstunting, under-nutrition, anaemia (among young children, women and adolescent\ngirls) and reduce low birth weight by 2%, 2%, 3% and 2% per annum respectively.\n<\/li><li>Although the target to reduce\nStunting is at least 2% p.a.,it strives to achieve a reduction in Stunting from\n38.4% (NFHS-4) to 25% by 2022.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Funding:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The 50% of the funding is through\nbudgetary support.It is further divided into 60:40 between the Centre and the\nStates, 90:10 for north-eastern region and the Himalayan States and 100% for\nthe Union Territories without legislature.<\/li><li>The remaining 50% is from the\nWorld Bank or other multilateral development banks. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"699\" height=\"462\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Picture1-39.png?resize=699%2C462&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-54741\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\ninformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nICDS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Integrated Child Development\nService (ICDS) was launched in 1975. <\/li><li>The scheme comes under the purview\nof the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD).&nbsp; <\/li><li>The beneficiaries under the Scheme\nare children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating\nmothers.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Objectives\nof ICDS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>improve the nutritional and health\nstatus of children aged 0-6 years<\/li><li>lay the foundation for proper\npsychological, physical and social development of the child<\/li><li>reduce the incidence of mortality,\nmorbidity, malnutrition and school dropout, <\/li><li>promote child development through\neffective coordination of policy and implementation amongst the various\ndepartments,<\/li><li>impart proper nutrition and health\neducation to mothers for enhancing mother&#8217;s capability to address normal health\nand nutritional needs of the child.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-what-is-the-impossible-row-project-in-which-6-men-crossed-the-drake-passage-6190504\/\"><strong>Explained:The\nDrake Passage<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Recently,six rowers from four countries had crossed the Drake Passage,\nin just under two weeks after pushing off from the southern tip of South\nAmerica. The project was dubbed&nbsp; as the\nImpossible Row.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nthe Impossible Row Project:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The six men rowed for 12 days,1\nhour and 45 minutes making it the first completely human-powered crossing of\nthe passage which was confirmed by the Guinness World Records (GWR).<\/li><li>As per the GWR,the row represents\namong the first row on the Southern Ocean,the first row across the Drake\nPassage and the first row to the Antarctic continent. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nDrake Passage:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Drake Passage is located\nbetween Cape Horn at the tip of South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. <\/li><li>The passage is named after Sir\nFrancis Drake, who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe.<\/li><li>It is also the narrowest stretch\nin the Southern Ocean and spans approximately 800 km between the southern tip\nof South America and the northern tip of the West Antarctic Peninsula.<\/li><li>It is considered one of the\nroughest waterways in the world because here, layers of cold seawater from the\nsouth and warm seawater from the north collide to form powerful eddies.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"501\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Picture2-25.png?resize=750%2C501&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-54742\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-why-russia-avangard-missile-will-have-us-worried-6189727\/\"><strong>Explained:\nRussia Avangard missile<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Russia\u2019s military has deployed a new intercontinental weapon called the\nAvangard hypersonic missile system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nAvangard Hypersonic missile system:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Avangard hypersonic missile\nsystem is a reentry body carried atop an existing ballistic missile which has\nthe capability to manoeuvre. <\/li><li>It\u2019s manoeuvring capability makes\nit difficult to predict its trajectory and gives it the ability to protect\nitself from the air and ballistic missile defences by delivering nuclear\nwarheads to targets.<\/li><li>The missiles have a range of over\n6,000 km, weigh approximately 2,000 kg and can withstand temperatures of over\n2000 degree celsius.<\/li><li>The missiles can travel more than\n20 times the speed of sound and put Russia ahead of other nations.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nHypersonic missile system:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hypersonic is generally defined as\na speed of Mach 5 which means at least five times the speed of sound.<\/li><li><strong>Hypersonic Cruise Missiles (HCM):<\/strong>It is a\ntypical cruise missile which is all the way powered to achieve hypersonic\nspeeds of Mach 5 or higher.<\/li><li><strong>Hypersonic Glide Vehicles(HGV)<\/strong>:The missiles\nhave a boost-glide systems.They are launched like a traditional ballistic\nmissile.But instead of following an arc high above the atmosphere,the re-entry\nvehicle is put on a trajectory that allows it to enter Earth&#8217;s atmosphere quite\nquickly before gliding un-powered for hundreds or thousands of kilometres.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Importance\nof Hypersonic missiles:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hypersonic weapons strikes at a\ntremendous speed and prohibits the defender to get his defences to react to\nsuch a threat in time.<\/li><li>They can fly lower than the\ntraditional ballistic missiles,thus they tend to avoid radar\ndetection.Hence,they are difficult to be detected by the US missile defense\nsatellites and radars.<\/li><li>The payloads gliding at speeds in\nexcess of Mach 5 and more are so manoeuvrable due to their non-ballistic\ntrajectories that they can change their targets at any point.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/renewable\/renewable-energy-certificate-sales-down-10-per-cent-to-5-04-lakh-in-december\/73016574\"><strong>Renewable\nEnergy Certificates Sales Down 10% in December<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>The sales of Renewable Energy Certificates(REC) fell around 10% to 5.04\nlakh units in December as compared to 5.59 lakh in the same month a year ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Background\non REC:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Electricity Act, 2003 and the\nNational Action Plan on Climate Change(NAPCC) provide for a roadmap for\nincreasing the share of renewable in the country.<\/li><li>Central Electricity Regulatory\nCommission(CERC) had notified the Regulation on Renewable Energy\nCertificate(REC) in 2010.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nRenewable Energy Certificates(REC):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)\nmechanism is a market based instrument to promote renewable energy and\nfacilitate compliance of renewable purchase obligations(RPO). <\/li><li>It is aimed at addressing the\nmismatch between availability of RE resources in state and the requirement of\nthe obligated entities to meet the renewable purchase obligation(RPO).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Working\nof REC:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>REC are also known as green energy\ncertificates or tradable renewable certificates.They are proof that energy has\nbeen generated from renewable sources such as solar or wind power.<\/li><li>Each REC represents the environmental\nbenefits of 1MWh of renewable energy generation.When you purchase\nRECs,renewable energy is generated on your behalf.<\/li><li>Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) and\nPower Exchange of India (PXIL) are the two power bourses in the country, which\nare engaged in trading of RECs and electricity. <\/li><li>The mechanism helps states meet\ntheir regulatory requirements by overcoming the geographical constraints on the\nexisting renewable potential in different states.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/cities\/Thiruvananthapuram\/kalari-training-for-penkaruthu\/article30352590.ece\"><strong>Kerala State\nYouth Welfare Board organises Kalaripayattu training for young women<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Kerala State Youth Welfare Board has organised Kalaripayattu training\nfor young women in the backdrop of women increasingly becoming vulnerable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nKalaripayattu:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kalaripayattu is a great and\nancient physical, cultural and martial art of Kerala.The martial art originated\nduring the 3nd century BC to the 2nd century AD.<\/li><li>The word kalari first appears in\nthe Tamil Sangam literature (c. 300 BCE to 300 CE) to describe both a\nbattlefield and combat arena.<\/li><li>The Kalaripayattu is also\nconsidered as one of the oldest fighting systems in existence.<\/li><li>Kalaripayattu techniques include a\ncombination of steps (Chuvatu) and postures (Vadivu). <\/li><li>Chuvatu literally means \u2018steps\u2019,\nthe basic steps of the martial arts.Vadivu literally means \u2018postures\u2019 or\nstances are the basic characteristics of Kalaripayattu training.Named after\nanimals,they are usually eight in number.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businesstoday.in\/current\/corporate\/finance-minister-sitharaman-launches-ebkray-ibapi-auction-platform-for-assets-attached-by-banks\/story\/392763.html\"><strong>Finance\nMinister launches \u2018eBkray\u2019 online auction platform for assets attached by banks<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong>Union Finance Minister has launched an\neBkray or eB\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092f which is a common e-auction platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nthe eBkray<\/strong> <strong>platform:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The eBkray platform enables the\nonline auction of the attached assets transparently and cleanly for the\nimproved realization of value by the Public Sector banks(PSBs).<\/li><li>The platform is equipped with\nproperty search features and navigational links to all PSB e-auction sites.<\/li><li>It also provides single-window\naccess to information on properties up for e-auction as well as facility for\ncomparison of similar properties. <\/li><li>It enhances user experience\nthrough seamless access to information by search based on the type and location\nof property put up for e-auction by banks in India.<\/li><li>The e-auction platform has also\nnow been linked to the Indian Banks Auctions Mortgaged Properties\nInformation(IBAPI) portal and guidelines have been made available.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional\ninformation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About\nIndian Banks Auctions Mortgaged Properties Information(IBAPI):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>IBAPI is is an initiative of\nIndian Banks Association (IBA) under policy of Department of Financial Services\n(DFS), Union Ministry of Finance.<\/li><li>It provides details of mortgaged\nproperties to be auctioned online by banks, starting with PSBs.<\/li><li>The buyers can use the portal to\nsearch and get properties details and participate in auction\nprocess.Currently,21 banks are onboard on this portal.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explained:About the Preamble of the Indian Constitution News:The Constitution particularly its Preamble, has frequently been at the centre of the ongoing debate over the Citizenship Amendment Act. Facts: About Preamble: The term \u2018preamble\u2019 refers to the introduction or preface to the Constitution.It contains the summary or essence of the Constitution. It serves two purposes namely&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-current-affairs-brief-december-30th-2019\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Current Affairs Brief \u2013 December 30th, 2019<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":48116,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/9-PM-Brief.png?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704629480},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54723"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54723\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}