{"id":57705,"date":"2020-03-25T12:01:16","date_gmt":"2020-03-25T06:31:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=57705"},"modified":"2024-01-15T17:15:51","modified_gmt":"2024-01-15T11:45:51","slug":"difference-international-court-of-justice-icj-and-international-criminal-court-icc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/difference-international-court-of-justice-icj-and-international-criminal-court-icc\/","title":{"rendered":"[Prelims 2020] [Difference] International Court of Justice (ICJ) and International Criminal Court (ICC)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">International Court of Justice \u2013 ICJ<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>It is the <strong>primary judicial branch<\/strong> of the United Nations and settles legal disputes and provides advisory opinions submitted to it by its member states. ICJ is a <em>civil<\/em> court.<\/li>\n<li>United Nations Security Council enforces its court\u2019s rulings.<\/li>\n<li>ICJ is composed of 15 judges elected for 9 years term by the United Nations General Assembly\u00a0 and United Nations Security Council.<\/li>\n<li>International Court of Justice is one of the most important guarantors of peace, security and co-operation among states.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>India and ICJ<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Justice Dalveer Bhandari currently serves as a permanent judge at ICJ.<\/li>\n<li>In July 2019, the ICJ directed Pakistan to review the conviction of Kulbhushan Jadhav and, until then, put his death sentence on hold. The ICJ further asked Pakistan to provide India consular access to Kulbhushan Jadhav.<br \/>\n<em>Kukbhusan Jadav is a retired naval officer who was awarded death sentence in 2017 by a Pakistani military court on the charges of espionage.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">International Criminal Court \u2013 ICC<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>It was set up after the ad hoc tribunals to deal with Rwanda war crimes proved ineffective. ICC is a criminal court.<\/li>\n<li>ICC is based on the principle of complementarity. ICC was not created to supplant the authority of national courts. However, when a state&#8217;s legal system collapses or when a government is a perpetrator of heinous crimes, the ICC can exercise jurisdiction. ICC is a court of last resort.<\/li>\n<li>USA opposed the ICC for fear that it will be used politically against U.S. nationals.<\/li>\n<li>ICC ensures that those who commit serious human rights violations are held\u00a0accountable. Justice helps promote lasting peace, enables victims to rebuild their lives\u00a0and sends a strong message that perpetrators of serious international crimes will not go\u00a0unpunished.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India and ICC<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>India is not a party to ICC. The major objections of India to the Rome Statute are :\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Since ICC is subordinate to UNSC, permanent members are vested with unbridled powers.<\/li>\n<li>Terrorism and nuclear weapons usage is not in the purview of ICC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>There is criticism that India on signing up the Rome Statute, would immediately come under ICC jurisdiction for human right violations under AFSPA, abuses in Naga movement, Kashmir conflict.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Let us have a look at the table to know the major differences between ICC and ICJ.<\/p>\n<h3>Difference between ICC &amp; ICJ &#8211; at a glance<\/h3>\n<table style=\"height: 1563px;\" width=\"650\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE- ICJ<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT &#8211; ICC<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>ESTABLISHMENT YEAR<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">1946<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">2002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>RELATIONSHIP WITH U.N<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">Official court of U.N, commonly known as \u201cWorld Court\u201d.<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">Independent. Not governed by U.N. Can receive referrals from UNSC. Can initiate prosecution without UN action.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>HEADQUARTERS<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">Peace Palace , Hague<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">Hague<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>JURISDICTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">U.N Member states. Can give advisory opinions to UN bodies.\u00a0Cannot try individuals. Applies International Law<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">Individuals accused of international crimes. Uses International Law, as war crimes violate Geneva Convention.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>TYPES OF CASES<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">Sovereignty, boundary disputes, maritime\u00a0disputes, trade, natural resources, human\u00a0rights, treaty violations, treaty\u00a0interpretation, etc.<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes,\u00a0crimes of aggression.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>DERIVES AUTHORITY FROM<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">States that ratify the U.N. Charter become\u00a0parties to the ICJ Statute. Non-UN member states can also become parties to the ICJ by ratifying the ICJ Statute.<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">Rome Statute<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>APPEALS<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">ICJ decision is binding. UNSC can review if states do not comply.<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">Appeals Chamber, according to Rome Statute.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"215\"><strong>FUNDING<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">U.N funded<\/td>\n<td width=\"215\">contribution from state parties to the Rome Statute; voluntary contributions from the\u00a0U.N; voluntary contributions from governments, international organizations, individuals, corporations and other entities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>International Court of Justice \u2013 ICJ It is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations and settles legal disputes and provides advisory opinions submitted to it by its member states. ICJ is a civil court. United Nations Security Council enforces its court\u2019s rulings. ICJ is composed of 15 judges elected for 9 years term&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/difference-international-court-of-justice-icj-and-international-criminal-court-icc\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">[Prelims 2020] [Difference] International Court of Justice (ICJ) and International Criminal Court (ICC)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[164,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-international-relations-daily-factly-articles","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":13,"cached_at":1698379231,"cached_date":1698468109},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57705"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57705\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}