{"id":60152,"date":"2020-05-09T21:00:08","date_gmt":"2020-05-09T15:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=60152"},"modified":"2020-05-09T22:10:17","modified_gmt":"2020-05-09T16:40:17","slug":"9-pm-daily-brief-may-9th-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-brief-may-9th-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Brief \u2013 May 9th ,2020"},"content":{"rendered":"
About 9 PM Brief-<\/strong> With the 9 PM Current affairs brief we intend to provide our readers daily free digest of articles and editorials from multiple sources which are usually left out by aspirants. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage and factual information in all in one pill<\/span> for<\/em> your IAS and IFS preparation. Take this pill daily to learn more.

<\/span>To access the Archives CLICK HERE-><\/a><\/div>\n

INDEX<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

GS 2 <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

1.NGT Action\u00a0<\/span>On<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Vishakapatnam<\/span> Gas Leak<\/span><\/a>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

2.Should States Relax\u00a0<\/span>Labour<\/span>\u00a0Laws\u00a0<\/span>At<\/span> The Time Of Pandemic<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

3.Shaping India\u2019s Response\u00a0<\/span>In<\/span>\u00a0A Global Hinge Moment<\/span><\/span> <\/a><\/p>\n

GS 3<\/h4>\n

4.Failure\u00a0<\/span>Of<\/span>\u00a0Aadhar Based Payment System<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

5.One Nation One Card Can Supplement PDS<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6.Economic Consequence\u00a0<\/span>Of<\/span>\u00a0Covid-19<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

FACTLY<\/span> article for today<\/span><\/a><\/h4>\n
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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a> 1.NGT Action <\/span>On<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Vishakapatnam<\/span>\u00a0Gas Leak<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Source\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u2013<\/span>The Hindu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Syllabus<\/b>\u00a0\u2013 GS Paper 2 \u2013 Statutory, Regulatory and various Quasi-judicial Bodies.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Context<\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u2013 NGT, in Vishakhapatnam Gas leak disaster, directed LG Polymers to deposit Rs 50 crores<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

About NGT<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What<\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u2013It is a quasi-judicial body established under National Green Tribunal Act,2010.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

While deciding a case, it applies the principles of sustainable development, the precautionary principle and the polluter-pays principle.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

It is not bound by the Code of Civil Procedure, nor the principles of evidence in the Indian Evidence Act, thus it is easier for petitioners to approach it.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Objective<\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u2013Speedy disposal of\u00a0<\/span>cases<\/span>\u00a0related\u00a0<\/span>to\u00a0 environment<\/span>\u00a0and forest conservation.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Significance of NGT<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Comprises of\u00a0<\/span>experts\u00a0 who<\/span>\u00a0resolves the complex environmental issues<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Reduce\u00a0<\/span>burden\u00a0 on<\/span>\u00a0Indian courts\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Compared to courts, less expensive and less formal<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Mandate to dispose cases in 5 months\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Challenges<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Conflict of interes<\/span><\/b>t – Administered by parent ministry (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change), thus creates\u00a0<\/span>conflict of interes<\/span><\/b>t.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Oversteps its jurisdiction<\/span><\/b>\u00a0as takes\u00a0<\/span>suo-motu<\/span>\u00a0cases.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. All\u00a0<\/span>environmental laws don’t come under its jurisdiction<\/span><\/b>– For instance, matter relating to the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, the Indian Forest Act, 1927 and various laws enacted by States relating to forests, tree preservation are not under its jurisdiction.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. Lack of institutional mechanism –\u00a0<\/span><\/b>There is<\/span>\u00a0no institutional mechanism to ensure that the environmental regulatory authorities comply with the orders of the tribunal<\/span><\/b>– For Instance- landmark orders of the NGT related to Ganga water pollution, Delhi air pollution, illegal mining, and solid waste management remain unenforced.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. Issue associated with Visakhapatnam case<\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u2013 use of term \u2018strict liability’ in its direction to LG polymers, which is outlawed and now term \u2018absolute liability\u2019 is promoted since Bhopal gas tragedy.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Strict liability Principle<\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u2013 companies could claim exemption from liability in case of disaster<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Absolute liability Principle<\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u2013 Even if companies took reasonable measures to prevent disaster, in case disaster occurs company is liable for the payments.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span>Way Forward<\/span><\/b>\u00a0– NGT, as a quasi-judicial body, is an important cogwheel in the environmental governance of India. As the world is bound to experience the effects of climate change\u00a0<\/span>in the near future<\/span>, addressing the challenges faced by NGT would be crucial in tackling the challenges of climate change for India.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/a>2. <\/span>Should States Relax\u00a0<\/span>Labour<\/span>\u00a0Laws\u00a0<\/span>At<\/span>\u00a0The Time Of Pandemic<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

      Source<\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/span>The Hindu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Syllabus<\/b>\u00a0\u2013 GS Paper 2 – Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector\/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

      Context \u2013States have granted exemption to Industries from legal provisions associated with Labour rights.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Important Labour Laws<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Industrial Dispute Act, 1947<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Factories Act, 1948<\/span><\/li>\n
      3. Contract Labour Act, 1970<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Data\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. According to ILO, nearly 81% of India’s employed population is in informal sector<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
        2. According to Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, lockdown due to COVID forced 122 million people into joblessness<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Steps taken by States:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          States like Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh has taken following steps:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Working hours for labourer\u2019s increased from 8 to 12 hours<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          2. Exempted Industries from Right of worker\u2019s section of Factory Act, 1948 \u2013 thus employer not bound to provide light, first aid, canteen, rest time, ventilation to workers.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          3. Industries not bound to maintain register of adult and child worker<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Section 5 of Factories<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Act grants industries exemption from provisions of Act for 3 months in case of public emergency.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            Implications<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            Positive Implications<\/span><\/b>–\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. I<\/span>mpetus to domestic industries –<\/span><\/b>This step will boost the<\/span>domestic industries<\/span><\/b>\u00a0to promote production of goods and services when economy is reeling under effects of slowdown of 2019 and COVID lockdown.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
            2. To enhance ease of doing business<\/span><\/b>\u2013 This will attract countries shifting their manufacturing base from China due to supply chain disruptions originating from China owing to the Covid-19 pandemic\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Negative Implications<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Ethical concerns<\/span><\/b>\u2013 Basic human rights like first aid, rest time are not provided to labours, which goes against universal humanistic values.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
              2. Against Socialistic principle of Preamble<\/span><\/b>– Erodes gains made since Independence to secure minimum rights for labourers by several trade unions and social movements.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
              3. Marxian notion of Have (industrialist) and have nots (labourers) strengthened<\/span><\/b>\u2013 This increases the exploitation of have nots in absence of legal provisions.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Way Forward<\/span><\/b> \u2013 Unprecedented times of COVID has called for unprecedented measures, which however requires avoidance of extreme steps directed against vulnerable sections. Balancing the economic interests and the human rights of the vulnerable sections must be managed well by the governments.<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n

                <\/a>3.Shaping India\u2019s Response <\/span>In<\/span>\u00a0A Global Hinge Moment<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

                Source:\u00a0<\/span><\/b>The Hindu<\/span><\/b><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                Syllabus: GS 2-Issues related to India\u2019s foreign relations and its interests.<\/b>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

                Context:\u00a0<\/span><\/b>The Asia-Pacific region has become the new economic and political center with the rise of China, India and other countries like Indonesia, South Korea, Iran, Vietnam. It led to change in the Balance of Power (<\/span>BoP<\/span>) especially with the unpredictable \u201cAmerica First\u201d attitude of United States and seeking of primacy by China in a world dominated by the U.S.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                What should be India\u2019s response to the changing conditions?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                1. Attaining Strategic autonomy:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n