{"id":61688,"date":"2020-05-27T21:00:16","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T15:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=61688"},"modified":"2020-05-27T17:13:09","modified_gmt":"2020-05-27T11:43:09","slug":"9-pm-daily-brief-may-27th-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-brief-may-27th-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Brief \u2013 May 27th ,2020"},"content":{"rendered":"
About 9 PM Brief-<\/strong> With the 9 PM Current affairs brief we intend to provide our readers daily free digest of articles and editorials from multiple sources which are usually left out by aspirants. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage and factual information in all in one pill<\/span> for<\/em> your IAS and IFS preparation. Take this pill daily to learn more.

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9 PM for Main examination<\/h3>\n

GS-2\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. <\/b>Unification of labor legislation<\/li>\n
  2. Reforms\u00a0in Indian Courts<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    GS-3<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. <\/b>One nation one ration card<\/li>\n
    2. How India can become self-reliant<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n

      FACTLy<\/a><\/h4>\n
      \n

      1.<\/b><\/strong>Unification of labor legislation<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Source<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013Livemint<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n

      Syllabus<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 GS 2\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Government\u00a0policies and interventions for development in various sectors<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

      Context\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u2013\u00a0The one-sided labor reforms carried out by states are being\u00a0criticized,\u00a0which underlines importance of set of principles to unify them<\/p>\n

      Principles on which unification of labor laws need to be promoted<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Principles\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\nSignificance\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      1.\u00a0Labor laws under all ministries need unification.<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0A large chunk of labor and employment laws are outside the purview of Ministry of labor.\u00a0Thus,\u00a0a comprehensive law can be promoted for better governance.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      2.\u00a0Holistic definition for employee<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0An employee is an employee, regardless of whether s\/he is formal, \u201cpart-time”, \u201cwork from home” or \u201cmigrant”, and must have all rights available to formal employee. There must be a system of registration of employees, and incentives for it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      3.\u00a0Similar system of registration for employers, and the responsibilities placed on employers must also devolve on contractors<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0Makes the process of registration less cumbersome and provide for\u00a0shared\u00a0responsibilities\u00a0between employers and contractors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      4.\u00a0Model labor law by\u00a0center\u00a0for a general framework to states<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0Labor\u00a0is in the Concurrent List of the Seventh Schedule \u2013 Different states, thus, have varying labor laws. A general framework will provide for common features in state laws.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      5.\u00a0Labor legislation should not be open-ended<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0Providing a fixed time-frame – At the end of this\u00a0time-period, unless a fresh review justifies continuation, a law would get repealed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      6.\u00a0\u00a0Employment contract needs to be a bilateral deal between an employer and employee<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0Since, productivity is an individual matter, and at best an enterprise-level issue. A single law for same wouldn\u2019t do justice for both employer and employee.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      7.\u00a0Safety and welfare provisions to be delivered by a cluster of establishments collectively (employers, dealers, importers\u00a0etc) not only by employers.<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0This provides for shared risk among all stakeholders and brings better management at all levels for employee\u2019s safety.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      8.\u00a0Any employee association should be at the enterprise-level, with mandatory registration and an electronic register<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0As employee rights are best served if everything is decentralized, right down to the enterprise level.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u00a0Way Forward<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Every policy action\u00a0needs\u00a0to be based on clear set of principles which takes in consideration interest of all the stakeholders. Such policies are heralded for their ethical basis and their ability to usher industry in decentralized models for development of all.<\/p>\n

      2.<\/b><\/strong>Reforms\u00a0in Indian Courts<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Source:<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0The Hindu<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n

      Syllabus:<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0GS-2-\u00a0Structure, organisation and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary,\u00a0Judicial Reforms<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

      Context:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>It is high time that the courts move from oral hearing-based system to one based on written submission<\/p>\n

      How will a written\u00a0submission-based\u00a0system help?<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Issue<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\nSolution<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00b7\u00a0<\/b>Improper Case Listing\u00a0and frequent adjournments:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>In subordinate courts\u00a0and high courts\u00a0a significant time of daily proceedings is wasted on cases where only adjournments are sought for procedural matters like filing of replies.<\/td>\n\u00b7\u00a0There should be a system where cases\u00a0are\u00a0listed\u00a0when all the documents are filed within strict timelines and every procedural requirement is fulfilled.<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0Listing before court should be done only in cases\u00a0which require urgent\u00a0intervention from the court.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      Special leave petitions\u00a0(SLPs):<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0Article 136 of the Constitution empowers people to file a petition seeking leave to appeal a decision of any judicial or quasi-judicial authority.<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0However, the SLPs\u00a0have been misused and resulted in pendency of cases in the SC.\u00a0According to reports, SLPs comprise about 60-70% of the Supreme Court\u2019s cases. Out of this, only 10-20% raise important questions of law.<\/td>\n

      		\u00b7\u00a0The Supreme Court Rules, 2013 should amend provisions pertaining to Special Leave Petitions (SLPs).<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0There should be a structure to provide for pre-hearing of SLPs.\u00a0Each SLP should be accompanied by an application for oral hearing which must be decided first by the Court.<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0Only such SLPs in which oral hearing is permitted should be listed for hearing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Way Forward:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

      The Law Commission of India in its 230th report provided measures to deal with the pendency of\u00a0cases plaguing\u00a0Indian Judiciary. These include:<\/p>\n