{"id":61915,"date":"2020-06-01T21:00:25","date_gmt":"2020-06-01T15:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=61915"},"modified":"2020-06-01T16:03:21","modified_gmt":"2020-06-01T10:33:21","slug":"9-pm-daily-brief-june-1st-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-brief-june-1st-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Brief \u2013 June 1st ,2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-box-blue\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>About 9 PM Brief-<\/strong> With the 9 PM Current affairs brief we intend to provide our readers daily free digest of articles and editorials from multiple sources which are usually left out by aspirants. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage and factual information in <em><span style=\"color: #000080; font-size: 14pt;\">all in one pill<\/span> for<\/em> your IAS and IFS preparation. Take this pill daily to learn more.<br \/><br \/><\/span>To access the Archives <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-brief\/\">CLICK HERE-&gt;<\/a><\/div>\n<h3>9 PM for Main examination<\/h3>\n<h4>GS-2<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b>Boundary issues between India and China<\/li>\n<li>Universal Basic Income- The need of the hour<\/li>\n<li>Labour Reforms<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>GS-3<\/h4>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><b><\/b>Fiscal stimulus under\u00a0Atma\u00a0Nirbhar<\/li>\n<li>Civil Aviation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n<h4><a href=\"#link1\">FACTLy<\/a><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>1.<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>Boundary issues between India and China<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/a-phantom-called-the-line-of-actual-control\/article31717488.ece\"><strong><u><b>The Hindu<\/b><\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Syllabus: GS 2-India and its neighbourhood- relations.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Indian and Chinese troops are at loggerheads in Eastern Ladakh and Sikkim.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Background:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>There are four agreements\u00a0that\u00a0have signed\u00a0between\u00a0India and China for meaningful progress on the boundary issue.\u00a0But the absence of a definition of the LAC allows new and secret advances on the ground.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-61925\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture1.png?resize=591%2C374&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"591\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture1.png?w=924&amp;ssl=1 924w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture1.png?resize=300%2C190&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture1.png?resize=150%2C95&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture1.png?resize=768%2C486&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Source: The Hindu<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>How Boundaries are observed?<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>In\u00a0Eastern sector:<\/b><\/strong>The Chinese have not accepted the loosely defined McMahon line which follows the principle of watershed.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The\u00a0Western sector:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The LAC is two hypothetical lines\u00a0based on different military considerations of both sides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>What agreements says?<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The 1993 agreement\u00a0(On the maintenance of peace and tranquility along the Line of Actual Control (LAC))<\/b><\/strong>: Before the final solution, the two sides shall strictly respect and observe the LAC between the two sides and No activities of either side shall overstep the LAC.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Both the 1993 and the 1996 agreement (on confidence-building measures in the military field along the LAC<\/b><\/strong>): Both sides will reduce\u00a0or\u00a0limit their respective military forces within mutually agreed geographical zones along the LAC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Why are these deeply flawed agreements?<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>No bearing on ground reality:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Many of the articles in agreements\u00a0have no\u00a0effect on\u00a0ground.\u00a0Such as Article XII of the 1996 agreement talks about agreement being subject to ratification and shall enter into force on the date of exchange of instruments of ratification. It is not clear\u00a0if and when\u00a0that happened.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>No clarity to\u00a0recognise\u00a0the existing lines of deployment of the respective armies as they were in 1993:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The agreement does not reflect any attempt to have each side\u00a0recognising\u00a0the other\u2019s line of deployment of troops.\u00a0If both armies are to respect the LAC, they should have clarity of line.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Rather than the LAC, they could have used existing deployment term in 1993 agreement:<\/b><\/strong>In such a case there would have been two existing lines of control on the map \u2014 one for the physical deployment of the Chinese troops and the other for the physical deployment of the Indian troops. This would have rendered the areas between the two lines\u00a0as\u00a0no man\u2019s land.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Para 4 in Article II of the 2013 agreement (on border\u00a0defence\u00a0cooperation):<\/b><\/strong>It\u00a0urge\u00a0both sides\u00a0to work with\u00a0each\u00a0other in combating natural disasters or infectious diseases that may affect or spread to the other\u00a0side.\u00a0But\u00a0in current crisis, the standoff could have exposed some of the Indian soldiers to a local Chinese mutation of COVID-19.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>How\u00a0Exchange of maps\u00a0exercise failed\u00a0for clearing\u00a0perceptions of LAC?<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>With military absurdness in the background, both sides have attempted to exchange the maps in western sector in the past.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Idea was to superimpose the maps:<\/b><\/strong>To\u00a0see where the perceptions converged and\u00a0where they diverged.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0Chinese side did not accept the maps because they felt that it is not in\u00a0Chinese interests. If\u00a0they\u00a0had\u00a0accepted them\u00a0then\u00a0the Chinese would have with them,\u00a0India\u2019s claim\u00a0with regard to\u00a0the LAC in the western sector.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Both sides should work for early settling the boundary issues and refrain from violating the agreements signed between them.<strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>2.<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>Universal Basic Income- The need of the hour<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/its-time-for-a-universal-basic-income-programme-in-india\/article31717471.ece\"><u>The Hindu<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Syllabus:\u00a0GS-2-\u00a0Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and the States and the performance of these schemes<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context:<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0Providing Universal Basic Income amid economic crisis due to Covid-19 pandemic is the need of the hour.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Concept of Universal Basic Income (UBI):<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>UBI is a minimum income (direct cash transfers) guaranteed by the state to every individual every month. It is premised on the belief that every person should have a right to a basic income to cover their needs, just by virtue of being citizens.<\/p>\n<p><em><i>UBI has three underlying principle<\/i><\/em>s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Unconditionality:<\/b><\/strong> a fixed amount of cash will be transferred in beneficiary\u2019s bank account unconditionally.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Universality:<\/b><\/strong>same amount will be transferred, and it will be transferred in accounts of all beneficiaries.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Agency:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>UBI treats poor as agents, not subjects. Thus, poor can utilize the money in their own customized way to alleviate their condition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Universal Basic Income in Different Countries<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-61926\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2.png?resize=750%2C442&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2.png?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2.png?resize=300%2C177&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2.png?resize=150%2C88&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2.png?resize=768%2C452&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Arguments in favor of\u00a0Universal\u00a0Basic Income:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Poverty Reduction:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Universal Basic Income would lead to poverty reduction. the 2016\u201317 Economic\u00a0survey argued\u00a0that an annual bank transfer of Rs. 7620 (to everyone except the top 25% of India\u2019s income pyramid) would reduce national poverty from 22% to 0.5%.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Employment:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>UBI will create flexibility in labor markets by allowing for individuals to have partial or calibrated engagements with the labor market without fear of losing benefits.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Promotes constitutional ideals:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>UBI promotes following ideals:<\/li>\n<li>Equality: UBI seeks to reduce poverty thereby it promotes equality among all sections.<\/li>\n<li>Liberty: It promotes liberty because it is anti-paternalistic, as it brings flexibility in\u00a0labor markets.<\/li>\n<li>Dignity: UBI protects individual\u2019s dignity and gives choice to individuals in spending money\u00a0based on\u00a0individual circumstances<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Promotes efficiency in government spending and better targeting:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>UBI seeks to replace the existing subsidies given by the government under its social welfare schemes. These schemes are riddled with misallocation, leakages and exclusion of the poor. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) suggested that if subsidies were eliminated, the government could provide all Indians with \u20b92,600 (in 2011-12 prices) every month.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Insurance against shocks:<\/b><\/strong>Poor households often face shocks such as bad health, crop losses, natural disasters use personal savings to cope from these shocks. UBI provides insurance against these shocks. The Covid-19 pandemic and consequent economic crisis is a classic example of shock which highlights the importance of UBI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Case Studies<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>SEWA Project in Delhi, 2011:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As part of a United Nations Development Program\u2013Government of Delhi partnership, the Self-Employed Women\u2019s Association (SEWA) and the state government carried out a randomized controlled trial where\u00a0a group\u00a0of 100 households in New Delhi were given 1,000 rupees per month.<\/p>\n<p>The experiment observed an increase in expenditures on nutritious non-cereal items like pulses, fish, eggs, and meat increased.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Arguments against Universal Basic Income:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Financially unviable<\/b><\/strong>:\u00a0Government must provide some basic essential services like education, health etc. in all circumstances and provisioning money for funding UBI, while providing these basic services may not be financially viable.\u00a0According to Economic Survey 2016-17, even a quasi UBI would cost\u00a0the Indian government around 4.5% of GDP\u00a0(2019 prices).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Reduces the incentive to work:<\/b><\/strong>A free cash transfer to working individuals would reduce the need and incentive to work as it would take care of their basic needs.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Exposure to market risks (cash vs. food):<\/b><\/strong>Unlike food subsidies that are not subject to fluctuating market prices, a cash transfer\u2019s purchasing power may severely be curtailed by market fluctuations.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Gender Disparity induced by cash:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Men are likely to exercise control over spending of the UBI. This may not always be the case with other in-kind transfers like specific benefits to women, elderly etc. otherwise provided by state through targeted schemes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Alternatives to Universal Basic Income:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Quasi-Basic Income schemes:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Quasi basic income scheme as suggested by Economic Survey (2016-17). This would leave out 25% of the richest population in India.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Quasi-universal basic rural income (QUBRI):<\/b><\/strong>It seeks to target only poorer people in the rural areas and\u00a0does not\u00a0cover the masses of urban poor working for low and uncertain wages.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>UBI for women only:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Women are the worst hit almost every aspect of their daily lives \u2013 employment opportunities, education, health or financial inclusion. UBI only for\u00a0women will help in women empowerment\u00a0and\u00a0have multiplier effects on the household.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Rationalization of subsidies, better targeting and operational efficiency:<\/b><\/strong>In absence of UBI, it is of utmost necessary to successfully\u00a0implement\u00a0the social welfare schemes to increase the standard of living of the citizens.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Conclusion:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>IMF has projected global growth in 2020 to be -3.0%\u00a0and\u00a0India\u2019s growth\u00a0at 1.9%. With a looming economic crisis and high rates of unemployment, providing universal basic income,\u00a0at least till the economy\u00a0normalizes, is the need of the hour<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>3.<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>Labour Reforms\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/opinion\/columns\/india-needs-labour-law-reform-but-must-do-it-the-proper-way-11590929529779.html\"><u>Livemint<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><b>Syllabus<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0GS 2 &#8211;\u00a0Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Recently many state governments have brought changes in labour reforms which have been criticised widely<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Changes in labour reforms\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Since\u00a0labor\u00a0is a concurrent subject under the Constitution of India, states can frame their own laws but need the approval of the Centre for making amendments to central laws.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Uttar Pradesh Temporary Exemption from Certain\u00a0Labour law\u00a0Ordinance, 2020<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0It proposes\u00a0that all factories and establishments engaged in manufacturing process will be exempt from \u201cthe operation of all\u00a0labour laws\u00a0for a period of three years\u201d, provided they\u00a0fulfil\u00a0certain conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The industry has been exempted from\u00a0labor\u00a0laws, except the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Building and other Construction Workers&#8217; Act of 1996<\/li>\n<li>Workmen Compensation Act of 1923<\/li>\n<li>Bonder\u00a0Labor\u00a0(Abolition) System Act of 1976<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Gujarat ordinance<\/b><\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0In Gujarat, the new industrial establishments are exempted from all\u00a0labor\u00a0laws except the following:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimum Wages Act<\/li>\n<li>Industrial Safety Rules<\/li>\n<li>Employees&#8217; Compensation Act<\/li>\n<li>Ordinance to roll out benefits that would be available for 1,200 days<\/li>\n<li>100 per cent online approvals within 15 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Challenges associated with these changes\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Three year sunset clause<\/b><\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0These lax labour rules have a three-year sunset clause which is likely to deter serious investors as after three years when they would start making profit resumption of old labour laws will hurt their profit.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Affects democratic credibility<\/b><\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0Attempts to make these changes via the\u00a0ordinance route\u00a0and\u00a0absence of participation of stakeholders\u00a0erodes democratic credibility\u00a0of such steps.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Discourage genuine labor reforms<\/b><\/strong>\u2013 Such changes by the state draws criticism from all segments even if they are introduced for 3years with\u00a0intention of promoting\u00a0more industries (domestic and foreign) in country.\u00a0In future also, when any genuine changes will be introduced they will be discouraged in garb of these reforms.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Legitimate attempts to reform labor laws need to be encouraged by the centre. However,\u00a0any haste to promote economic benefit which has the potential to jeopardize welfare of workers need to be stalled as holistic reforms are the only way forward for all the stakeholders.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>4.<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>Fiscal stimulus under\u00a0Atma\u00a0Nirbhar\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/india-coronavirus-cases-death-toll-covid-19-6436334\/\"><u>Indian Express<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><b>Syllabus<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0GS 3\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013IMF\u2019s report \u2013Policy Tracker has appreciated India\u2019s fiscal stimulus measures taken under\u00a0Atma\u00a0Nirbhar\u00a0mission<\/p>\n<p>Following are the arguments based on which India\u2019s fiscal stimulus has been applauded:<\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><strong><b>1.Fiscal measures adopted by other countries &#8211; <\/b><\/strong>Among developing nations, India has one of the highest fiscal stimulus for reviving the economy.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"276\">Developed Nations<\/td>\n<td width=\"287\">Developing Nations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"276\">a.\u00a0Japan \u2013 21.1 of GDP<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0USA \u2013 13% OF GDP<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0European Union \u2013 4% of GDP<\/td>\n<td width=\"287\">a.\u00a0India \u2013 5% of GDP<\/p>\n<p>b.\u00a0China \u2013 2.5 % of GDP<\/p>\n<p>c.\u00a0Brazil &#8211;\u00a0 8% of GDP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b><\/b><strong><b>2.Decoding India\u2019s Fiscal measures <\/b><\/strong>\u2013 India\u2019s fiscal stimulus is wide ranging and covers all the major sectors of economy.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-61927\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture3.png?resize=618%2C165&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"618\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture3.png?w=618&amp;ssl=1 618w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture3.png?resize=300%2C80&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture3.png?resize=150%2C40&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>3.Components of Fiscal stimulus<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Above the line component<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; \u201cAbove the line\u201d measures refer to increases in government expenditures and reductions in tax revenues\u2014directly impacting economic activity via fiscal multipliers.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Below the line component\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0\u201cBelow the line\u201d measures (loans and equity stakes) as well as guarantees (to firms and banks)\u2014the economic impact of these measures depends how much they are taken up and spent by the targeted recipients.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Primarily credit<\/b><\/strong>\u2013 The guarantees of various forms (primarily credit).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><\/b><strong><b>4.Monetary Policy &#8211; T<\/b><\/strong>he repo rate has been reduced now which stands at 4 per cent, with inflation well contained.\u00a0Transmission of monetary policy will benefit the industries to get loan at minimum rate which will give them impetus to restart the operations again.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; Present government\u00a0has, thus,\u00a0used the\u00a0Covid\u00a0crisis to re-orient India towards its long-awaited destiny.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>5.<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>Civil Aviation<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/coronavirus-india-lockdown-domestic-international-flight-operations-6436337\/\"><strong><u><b>The Indian Express<\/b><\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Syllabus:\u202f GS 3 -Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>After a two-month long shutdown due COVID-19, domestic flights\u00a0were allowed to\u00a0resume operations in a staggered manner from May 25.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Ude\u00a0Desh\u00a0ka\u00a0Aam\u00a0Nagrik (UDAN) philosophy:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Fundamental and paradigmatic shift in civil aviation<\/b><\/strong>: Changed from an elitist mode of transportation to one which is within the reach of all Indians.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Reach of Civil Aviation Before COVID-19:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pre-COVID India was the third largest domestic aviation market in the world with approximately 140 million passengers travelling annually.<\/li>\n<li>The country was poised to become the third-largest overall market in three years.<\/li>\n<li>We were experiencing double-digit growth when the headwinds of the COVID crisis hit us.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Efforts of Civil aviation during COVID-19:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-61928\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture4.png?resize=576%2C338&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture4.png?w=576&amp;ssl=1 576w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture4.png?resize=300%2C176&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture4.png?resize=150%2C88&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>The factors which need to be addressed before restarting international flights:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-61929\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture5.png?resize=661%2C288&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"661\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture5.png?w=661&amp;ssl=1 661w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture5.png?resize=300%2C131&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture5.png?resize=150%2C65&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There is a need to proactively engage and support the aviation sector. The government needs to ensure that the Indian aviation sector comes out from this crisis stronger.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"link1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\">9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n<p>Click on &#8220;Factly articles for 1st June 2020&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/factly.forumias.com\/factly-articles-for-1st-june-2020\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read out 9 PM brief for all your current affairs needs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":61408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[75,1095,1075,79,1060,90],"class_list":["post-61915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","tag-current-affairs","tag-forumias-current-affaris","tag-free-current-affairs","tag-free-ias-notes","tag-free-ias-preparation","tag-free-study-material","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/9-pm-brief-1.gif?fit=2296%2C450&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1700036577},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61915","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61915"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61915\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61915"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61915"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}