{"id":62212,"date":"2020-06-08T21:00:47","date_gmt":"2020-06-08T15:30:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=62212"},"modified":"2020-06-08T17:31:10","modified_gmt":"2020-06-08T12:01:10","slug":"9-pm-daily-brief-june-8th2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-brief-june-8th2020\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Brief \u2013 June 8th,2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-box-blue\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>About 9 PM Brief-<\/strong> With the 9 PM Current affairs brief we intend to provide our readers daily free digest of articles and editorials from multiple sources which are usually left out by aspirants. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage and factual information in <em><span style=\"color: #000080; font-size: 14pt;\">all in one pill<\/span> for<\/em> your IAS and IFS preparation. Take this pill daily to learn more.<br \/><br \/><\/span>To access the Archives <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-brief\/\">CLICK HERE-&gt;<\/a><\/div>\n<h3>9 PM for Main examination<\/h3>\n<h4>GS-2<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b>Importance of the\u00a0Persian Gulf<\/li>\n<li>India \u2013China relations \u2013 Win-win or zero sum game<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>GS-3<\/h4>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><b><\/b>Need to shift from subsidies to Cash Transfers\u00a0to double farmers income.<\/li>\n<li>Private Sector\u00a0\u2013 Non-participation in combating Pandemic<\/li>\n<li>Solving the\u00a0Human-animal conflict<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n<h4><a href=\"#link1\">FACTLy<\/a><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>1.Importance of the\u00a0Persian Gulf\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/in-persian-gulf-littoral-cooperative-security-is-key\/article31774318.ece\"><strong><u><b>The Hindu<\/b><\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Syllabus: GS 2-Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and\/or affecting India\u2019s interests.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Analyzing\u00a0the geopolitical significance of the Persian Gulf which is characterized by the political relations.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Persian Gulf:\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a shallow marginal sea of Indian Ocean that lies between the Arabian Peninsula and southwest Iran.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Shared by:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Eight countries (Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Geo-political importance:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>They are the major producers of crude oil and natural gas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>History of the region:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62227\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture1-11.png?resize=750%2C353&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture1-11.png?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture1-11.png?resize=300%2C141&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture1-11.png?resize=150%2C71&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture1-11.png?resize=768%2C362&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Prior to 1970:\u202f<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>This body was a closely guarded British lake for eight decades which was administered by imperial civil servants from India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>After 1970:\u202f<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>Regional players started\u00a0asserting themselves. According to US State Department report (1973) the main problem is the\u00a0Saudi-Iranian\u00a0cooperation is being undercut by psychological, nationalistic and prestige factors.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>American Hegemony:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>It was ensured by Nixon and the Carter Doctrines.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Collective Security:<\/b><\/strong>It was attempted in a conference in Muscat in 1975 which was thwarted by Baathist Iraq.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The Iranian Revolution (1979):\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>It put an end to the Twin Pillar approach and disturbed the strategic balance.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The Iraq-Iran War:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>It\u00a0enhanced U.S. interests and role.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Security Council through Resolution 598 (1987):\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>It\u00a0has to\u00a0explore \u2018measures to enhance the security and stability in the region\u2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Contemporary situation in Persian Gulf:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The\u00a0fault\u00a0lines\u00a0between the GCC and the US:\u202f<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Containing Iran:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The US has been cooperated by the Arab states of the region (except Iraq) to contain Iran.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Aggravation of geopolitical factors:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The other conflicts\u00a0in the West Asian region \u2014 Yemen, Syria, Libya\u00a0has\u00a0aggravated global and regional relationships and hampered\u00a0the relations between the\u00a0U.S.-Iran. It was\u00a0based on the multilateral agreement on Iran\u2019s nuclear\u00a0programme\u00a0agreed to by western powers and the Obama Administration.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Armed conflict:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The region has been subject to armed conflict due to changed policies of the\u00a0Trump\u00a0administrations. Such as cancelling nuclear agreement with Iran.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Changing priorities:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The US\u00a0commitment to sub regional security has declined which have caused disquiet in some members of the GCC. As the GCC security concern is based on\u00a0an American insurance to deter it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>An evolving transformation in GCC:<\/b><\/strong>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Common Threat Perception:\u202f<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It has been hampered by the emergence of conflicting tactical and strategic interests\u00a0of different nations.\u202fSuch as\u00a0the problems in the OPEC and the decline in oil prices.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Emerging shape of the region:<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Saudi Arabia is a fading power, UAE, Qatar and Iran are emerging as the new regional leaders and Oman and Iraq will have to struggle to retain their\u00a0independent\u00a0identities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Individual arrangements:<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Pragmatic approach:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Oman has lines of communication with Iran openly; Kuwait and Qatar had done\u00a0same\u00a0and now the UAE has initiated pragmatic arrangements.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Costly alternatives:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The Record has shown that the alternative of exclusive security arrangements promotes armament drives, enhances insecurity and aggravates regional tensions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>All\u00a0framework\u00a0for\u00a0the region should\u00a0aims at ensuring:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conditions of peace and stability in individual littoral states.<\/li>\n<li>Freedom to all states of the Gulf littoral to exploit their hydrocarbon and other natural resources and export them.<\/li>\n<li>Freedom of commercial shipping in international waters of the Persian Gulf.<\/li>\n<li>Freedom of access to, and outlet from, Gulf waters through the Strait of Hormuz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>India\u2019s\u00a0Relation with the Persian Gulf:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Geographical and historical:\u202f<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>The governments\u00a0in the Gulf\u00a0are India-friendly.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Trade:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The bilateral trade between India and GCC is of around $121 billion and remittances of $49 billion from a workforce of over nine million.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Import for India:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>GCC suppliers account for around 34% of our crude imports and national oil companies in Saudi Arabia and Abu Dhabi are partners in a $44 billion investment in the giant Ratnagiri oil refinery.<\/li>\n<li>Saudi Aramco is reported to take a 20% stake in Reliance oil-to-chemicals business.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Importance of Iran:\u202f<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Complex\u00a0India-Iran relationship:<\/b><\/strong>Particularly due to\u00a0overt American pressure.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Resources:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Iran\u00a0neighbours\u00a0Turkey and some countries of Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Caspian Sea region. Its size, politico-technological potential and economic resources can be\u00a0useful for India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Indian interests lie in the totality, peace and regional stability\u00a0and access to the region\u2019s markets in terms of trade, technology and manpower resources.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>2.India \u2013China relations \u2013 Win-win or zero sum game<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/editorials\/india-china-ladakh-border-crisis-6447599\/\"><u>The Indian Express<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><b>Syllabus\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u2013\u00a0GS 2 \u2013 Bilateral Relations<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u2013\u00a0Recently Chinese soldiers have moved into Indian\u00a0territory\u00a0across the\u00a0Line of Actual Control\u00a0(LAC)<\/p>\n<p>India-China Border<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62228\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2-8.png?resize=750%2C450&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2-8.png?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2-8.png?resize=300%2C180&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2-8.png?resize=150%2C90&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2-8.png?resize=768%2C461&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>India-China border is divided into three sectors<\/b><\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Western Sector<\/b><\/strong>\u2013 The LAC in the western sector falls in the union territory\u00a0of\u00a0Ladakh\u00a0and is 1570\u00a0km long<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Middle sector<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; The middle sector of 545 km length falls in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Eastern sector<\/b><\/strong>\u2013 The\u00a01325\u00a0km long eastern sector falls in the states of Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The middle sector is the least disputed sector, while the western sector witnesses the highest transgressions between the two sides.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Line of Actual control<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>LAC is only a concept<\/b><\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0The border is not fully demarcated and the LAC is neither clarified nor confirmed by the two countries.\u00a0India considers the LAC to be 3,488 km long, while the Chinese consider it to be only around 2,000 km.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Patrolling based on perception<\/b><\/strong>-This has led to different perceptions of the LAC for the two sides, and soldiers from either side try to patrol the area up to their perception of the LAC.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Chinese assertiveness<\/b><\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0A higher number\u00a0of transgressions\u00a0indicates that the Chinese soldiers are coming to the Indian side more often, and their movements are being observed and\u00a0recorded by the Indian soldiers. This can be seen as an indicator of\u00a0increased Chinese assertiveness.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>Reasons for large scale movement by\u00a0China<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Infrastructure building by India<\/b><\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0China is responding to India\u2019s efforts to bolster border infrastructure in\u00a0Ladakh\u00a0after the completion of the\u00a0Darbuk-Shyok-Daulat\u00a0Beg Oldie (DSDBO)\u00a0 road\u00a0(near the confluence of\u00a0Shyok\u00a0and\u00a0Galwan\u00a0rivers).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62229\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture3-7.png?resize=335%2C371&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"335\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture3-7.png?w=335&amp;ssl=1 335w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture3-7.png?resize=271%2C300&amp;ssl=1 271w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture3-7.png?resize=135%2C150&amp;ssl=1 135w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Pre-emptive step<\/b><\/strong>\u2013 Chinese army is physically changing the ground position and preventing our troops from\u00a0undertaking regular patrolling in the area.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Diverting attention<\/b><\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0The need for China to show strength amid the\u00a0pandemic\u00a0that originated in Wuhan, which has harmed the Chinese economy and worsened relations with many countries. The ongoing transgressions will shift world\u2019s attention from this to border issue.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Discouraging Investment in India<\/b><\/strong>\u2013 Due to disruption in supply-chain amid the COVID pandemic and the flight of MNC\u2019s from China has increased possibility of these companies to settle in India. Such border disruptions usually discourage the investors as there will be lack of stability and peace in country<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>Implications of the transgressions<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Updation in Standard Operating Procedure<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; The\u00a0established SOPs and drills have not worked this time and new drills will be required as the situation on the ground has changed.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Unreasonable concessions by India<\/b><\/strong>\u2013 Due to increased Chinese pressure, India might resolve the border issue by going soft on China in international institutions like World Health Assembly.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 The Panchsheel principle\u00a0holds the key to resolve the current crisis. When followed in spirit and letter it will pave way for settled border dispute and amicable ties between the two.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>3.Need to shift from subsidies to Cash Transfers\u00a0to double farmers income.<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/farmers-india-agriculture-sector-covid-19-6447692\/\"><strong><u><b>The Indian Express<\/b><\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Syllabus: GS 3-Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, \u2013 different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Analysing\u00a0the road to the government&#8217;s ambitious plan to double the farmers income by 2022-23.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Importance of Agriculture\u00a0for India:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>During 2019-20:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The gross value added (GVA) in agriculture and allied sectors registered a growth of 4 % whereas the growth of overall GVA of the economy is only at 3.9 % and overall GDP (including net taxes) at 4.2 per cent.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Expectation during COVID-19:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>In 2020-21, due to impact of COVID-19, the GDP may register a negative growth of as high as -5 per cent, agriculture may still surprise with\u00a0a positive growth\u00a0of 2.5 per cent. (as per CRISIL\u2019s recent forecast).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Labour\u00a0force:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Almost 44 %\u00a0is engaged in agriculture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Comparison with China:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"207\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"207\"><strong><b>India<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"207\"><strong><b>China<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"207\"><strong><b>Growth rate<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"207\">Low growth rate<\/td>\n<td width=\"207\">High\u00a0growth\u00a0(about 4.5 % over the last 40 years)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"207\"><strong><b>Productivity<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"207\">Low productivity<\/td>\n<td width=\"207\">High\u00a0productivity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"207\"><strong><b>Migration<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"207\">Due to \u201cpush\u201d factor because agriculture cannot support a large percentage of the working population.<\/td>\n<td width=\"207\">Due to \u201cdemand-pull\u201d to higher productivity sectors with better skills.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To tackle the issues in agriculture and tackling the effects of COVID-19, the government introduced some changes under Atma\u00a0Nirbhar\u00a0package.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Reforms on the\u00a0Agri-Marketing:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Liberalizing the Essential Commodities Act (ECA), APMC Act and contract farming through the ordinance route.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Issue with amended ECA:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Clause for stocking limits in case of\u00a0extraordinary price rise:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>This is being defined as a 100\u00a0%\u00a0increase in the price of perishables and a 50\u00a0%\u00a0increase for non-perishables over a 12-month period.\u00a0It has been done to attract private investment in storage.<\/li>\n<li>The stocking limits are to be imposed in case of natural calamity, famine, wars, etc.\u00a0In other case it\u00a0is\u00a0only for rent-seeking by the \u201cinspector raj\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To improve the conditions of farmers, government formed<strong><b>\u00a0Ashok Dalwai committee to double farmers\u2019 incomes.\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>It talked about the real income and it required a growth rate of 10.4 % per annum till 2022-23.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Author\u2019s\u00a0Reservations about\u00a0Doubling farmers income:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Comparing the data of NSO And\u00a0NABARD surveys on farmers\u2019 incomes in 2002-03, 2012-13, and 2015-16 with\u00a0Agri-GDP growth over the same period, the trends in\u00a0Agri-GDP and farmers\u2019 incomes follow each other very closely (about 3.6 to 3.7 % per annum).<\/li>\n<li>The base year growth rate in 2015-16 was meagre (0.6 per cent) and the average annual growth of\u00a0Agri-GDP during the next four years (2016-17 to 2019-20) was 4.8 per cent.<\/li>\n<li>In 2020-21, CRISIL forecasts GVA in agriculture at 2.5 % and even if one assumes\u00a0Agri-growth to be around 4 % per annum for the next two years, the annual\u00a0Agri-GVA growth for the seven-year period (from 2016-17 to 2022-23) is around 4.2 %. This cannot double the income of farmers by 2022-23.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Suggestions\u00a0by\u00a0author\u00a0to achieve the target:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The shortfall from the target can be filled by adding the direct income transfers under PM-Kisan.<\/li>\n<li>The government can convert food and fertilizer subsidies into direct cash transfers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There is a need to have paradigm shifts and to transfer real prices on farmers&#8217; produce by improving marketing efficiencies and\u00a0Agri-logistics.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>4.Private Sector\u00a0\u2013 Non-participation in combating Pandemic<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source &#8211;\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/paging-the-private-sector-in-the-covid-fight\/article31774337.ece\"><u>The Hindu<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Syllabus\u00a0\u2013 GS 3\u00a0\u2013 Mobilisation of Resources<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context &#8211;\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The pandemic offers\u00a0a chance to\u00a0policy makers to\u00a0bring in structural changes in the health sector and rejuvenate private partnerships.<strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>Current Status of Private Sector in tackling Pandemic\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Lack of policy &#8211;\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>No clear policy guidelines to use private sector resources that could complement public sector efforts, and how the payments for their services made.<b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Policy options to leverage private sector resources<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Extending Laboratory services \u2013 Given the size of Indian population, government needs to scale up the testing services. This can be done by:<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Engaging in PPP &#8211;\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>An accredited private laboratory can be contracted to be co-located in a public health facility preferably in tier-II\/tier-III public hospitals. The government may procure test kits and the private sector could charge a service fee from the government.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Issuing E-vouchers &#8211;\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Suspect cases can be issued vouchers for testing at any empanelled private laboratories. E-vouchers generated by\u00a0tele-health call centres can subsequently be reimbursed by the government.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Purchase contract &#8211;\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>A mobile sample collection and testing facility can be operated by a private entity in high density clusters. The cost of tests, key performance indicators and payment system should be worked out in the purchase contract.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Up scaling hospital infrastructure\u00a0\u2013 The dilapidated public hospitals, especially in tier II and tier III cities need to be complemented with services of private sector by:<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Preparing ICU<\/b><\/strong>-A private contractor could be hired to refurbish an existing ward in a public hospital into an intensive care unit (ICU) ward with additional beds and equipment and handover the refurbished ward to the public authority.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Utilising PMJAY &#8211;\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The government can refer patients to empanelled private COVID-19 hospitals, at a fixed package rate under\u00a0Pradhan\u00a0Mantri\u00a0Jan\u00a0Arogya\u00a0Yojana.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Central intelligence system\u00a0(CIA)<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; An IT system with artificial intelligence capability should be the backbone of supporting all public and private sector efforts in combating COVID.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The intelligence system should seamlessly help in:<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62230\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture4-5.png?resize=576%2C336&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture4-5.png?w=576&amp;ssl=1 576w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture4-5.png?resize=300%2C175&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture4-5.png?resize=150%2C88&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Figure 1 \u2013 Importance of Digital Central Intelligence System<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward \u2013\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Private sector has the needed potential to combat COVID along with government. All it needs is\u00a0policy guidelines which also balances\u00a0interest of private sector.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>5.Solving the\u00a0Human-animal conflict<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source:<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/addressing-the-elephant-in-the-room\/article31773338.ece\"><u>The Hindu<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><b>Syllabus<\/b><\/strong>: GS-3- Environment<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context:<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0The recent death of a pregnant elephant in Kerala has caused outrage on social media.\u00a0The explosive laden pineapple which killed the elephant was a trap for wild boars.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Brief Overview of Wildlife Protection in India<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Wildlife Protection Act, 1972<\/b><\/strong>: The aim of the Act is to ensure the ecological and environmental security of India.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Protected Areas<\/b><\/strong>:\u00a0It contains provisions for setting up and managing national parks, sanctuaries and other protected areas<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Scheduled Species<\/b><\/strong>:\u00a0It also consists of 6 schedules which provide a varying degree of protection to animals. Animals listed under Schedule V are called vermin which can be hunted.\u00a0Example:\u00a0Rats<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this editorial, the author points out certain issues regarding human-animal conflict and provides solutions for the same:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\"><strong><b>Issues<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"312\"><strong><b>Solutions<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">Modern conservation aims to separate human and wildlife spaces as overlap leads to conflict. However, this does not hold true for India. In India, most of the animal range is outside protected areas. For example, in case of elephants only about 25% of their range is within protected areas.<\/td>\n<td width=\"312\">It is important to reorient the forest department to do away with the wildlife-territorial dichotomy of management that currently exists. Humans and animals have always coexisted and mostly peacefully interacted in India.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">Due to habitat fragmentation and shrinking of habitat due to encroachment in forest lands, people and animals are increasingly coming into conflict over living space and food.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"312\">Addressing habitat loss, destruction and\u00a0fragmentation\u00a0to provide long-term solution to conflict<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">With the absence of large predators outside forests and the huge availability of easily accessible food crops, deer, monkeys, boar occupy fringe areas. These animals lead to huge destruction of croplands.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"312\">Farmers should be empowered and subsidized to better protect their land and not entirely depend on compensation after damage is done.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\">In other countries, vermin are kept in\u00a0control,\u00a0so they don\u2019t destroy large crop areas. However, in India, though government has the provision to declare overabundant animals&#8217; \u201cvermin\u201d, and cull them under the Wildlife Protection Act, it very rarely does this.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"312\">It is important to control the population of wild boar to minimize the impact they have on farmers. However, it should be ensured that there is no over-hunting and local extinction in some areas that have governance or enforcement problems.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong><b>Conclusion:<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0 Education and training activities at different levels should be taken up for disseminating innovative techniques, building local capacity in conflict resolution and increasing public understanding of man-animal conflicts<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"link1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\">9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n<p>Click on &#8220;Factly articles for 8th June 2020&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/factly.forumias.com\/factly-articles-for-8th-june-2020\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read out 9 PM brief for all your current affairs needs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":61408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[75,1095,1075,79,1060,90],"class_list":["post-62212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","tag-current-affairs","tag-forumias-current-affaris","tag-free-current-affairs","tag-free-ias-notes","tag-free-ias-preparation","tag-free-study-material","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/9-pm-brief-1.gif?fit=2296%2C450&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704940712},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62212"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62212\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}