{"id":62740,"date":"2020-06-24T21:00:24","date_gmt":"2020-06-24T15:30:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=62740"},"modified":"2020-06-24T18:30:24","modified_gmt":"2020-06-24T13:00:24","slug":"9-pm-daily-brief-june-24th2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-brief-june-24th2020\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Brief \u2013 June 24th,2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader.<\/p>\n<p>Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\r\n<p><strong>About 9 PM Brief<\/strong>- With the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 PM Daily Current affairs for UPSC brief we intend<\/span> to simplify the newspaper reading experience. In 9PM briefs, we provide our reader with a summary of all the important articles and editorials from three important newspapers namely The Hindu, Indian Express, and Livemint. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage, and factual information from a Mains examination point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>About Factly<\/strong>- The Factly initiative covers all the daily news articles regarding Preliminary examination. This will be provided at the end of the 9 PM Brief.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dear Aspirants,<\/p>\r\n<p>We know for a fact that learning without evaluation is a wasted effort. Therefore, we request you to please go through both our initiatives i.e 9PM Briefs and Factly, then evaluate yourself through the 10PM Current Affairs Quiz.<\/p>\r\n<p>We plan to integrate all our free daily initiatives to comprehensively support your success journey.<br \/><strong>Happy Learning!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<h3>9 PM for Main examination<\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>GS-2<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Transforming Indian Education System<\/li>\n<li>The use of arbitrary power by State<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>GS-3<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Digital media redefining political communication<\/li>\n<li>Importance of a strong Air Force in LAC<\/li>\n<li>Food security and farmer welfare<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n<h4><a href=\"#link1\">FACTLy<\/a><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>1.Transforming Indian Education System<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source<\/b><\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/transforming-education\/article31900713.ece\"><u>The Hindu<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><b>Syllabus:<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0GS-2- Education<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context:<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted how people, places and non-human entities and processes are connected and this should be reflected in the education system also.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Issues with Indian Education system<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Problems\u00a0with current school education system<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Access to Education:<\/b><\/strong>The RTE Act provides for free and compulsory education to all children from the age of six to 14 years. Despite advances in expanding access to education, participation rates are still not universal, particularly in rural regions and among lower castes and other disadvantaged groups<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Rote learning:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The\u00a0Kasturi Ranjan\u00a0committee\u00a0observed that the current education system solely focuses on rote learning of facts and procedures. According to Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), 2018,\u00a0only 16% of children in Class 1 in rural areas can read the text at the prescribed level, while almost 40% cannot even recognize letters.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Incoherence in curriculum:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>the school\u00a0curriculum\u00a0in India remain\u00a0incoherent\u00a0and\u00a0does not\u00a0focus\u00a0on interconnectedness\u00a0of the natural world with our everyday lives. This hampers the learning process of students.<\/li>\n<li>Marks based\u00a0evaluation\u00a0system:\u00a0Marks play the most important role in deciding the future of children and this often comes down upon students as a burdening factor and often leads to students underperforming.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Quality of Teachers:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The school education system faces issues of low teacher to student ratio and quality of teachers. Teachers are often unequipped with modern\u00a0pedagogical\u00a0methods of teaching.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Problems with current higher education system:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Access<\/b><\/strong>: According to the All India Survey on Higher Education, the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education in India\u00a0is 25.8% in 2017-18. The\u00a0Kasturi Ranjan\u00a0Committee identified lack of access as a major reason behind low intake\u00a0in higher\u00a0education.\u00a0It is much behind that of USA (85.8%) and China (43.39%)<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Poor investment in research and innovation:<\/b><\/strong>According to Economic Survey 2017-18, only 0.6-0.7% of GDP has been\u00a0spent\u00a0on research in India in the last two decades. This is very low as compared to 2.4% of USA, China-2.1%, Japan-3.58% and South korea-4.29%<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Curriculum and Employability:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The curriculum remains outdated, theoretical in nature with low scope for creativity. There is a gap between industry requirements and curriculum leading to low employability of graduates.\u00a0The government noted in 2017 that 60% of engineering graduates remain unemployed, while a 2013 study of 60,000 university graduates in different disciplines found that 47% of them were unemployable in any skilled occupation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Government Initiatives:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>School Education:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Samagra Shiksha:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>A comprehensive\u00a0program\u00a0subsuming Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA),\u00a0Rastriya\u00a0Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) and Teacher Education (TE).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>UDISE+ :\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>It\u00a0is an updated online real time version of UDISE (Unified District Information on School Education)<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>70-point Performance Grading Index (PGI)<\/b><\/strong>to assess areas of deficiency in each state\u2019s school education system so that targeted interventions can be made at every level from pedagogy to teacher training.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>ICT driven initiatives:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Shaala Sidhi (to enable all schools to self-evaluate their performance), e-Pathshala\u00a0(providing digital resources such as textbooks, audio, video, periodicals etc.) and Saransh (an initiative of CBSE for schools to conduct self-review exercises).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Higher Education:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Revitalizing\u00a0Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE):<\/b><\/strong>It aims to increase investments in research and related infrastructure in premier educational institutions.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>IMPRINT India:<\/b><\/strong>It is a joint initiative of IITs and IISc to address major and science and technology challenges in India.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds (SWAYAM):<\/b><\/strong>E-education platform<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Ucchtar Aavishkar\u00a0Abhiyaan:<\/b><\/strong>To promote industry-specific need-based research<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Institution of Eminence:<\/b><\/strong>It aims\u00a0to develop\u00a020 world-class teaching and research institutions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Suggested Reforms:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Curriculum:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>School education curriculum should focus on interconnectedness of the natural world with everyday lives in order to equip\u00a0students\u00a0with rising environmental challenges including climate\u00a0change.<\/li>\n<li>The higher education curriculum should focus on industrial demands and skill\u00a0development\u00a0to increase the employability of Indian graduates.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Learning:<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0Schools and colleges should introduce conceptual learning rather than\u00a0focusing\u00a0on rote learning.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Evaluation system<\/b><\/strong>: The focus of evaluation should be classroom participation by a student, projects, communication and leadership skills and extra-curricular activities.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Teacher\u2019s Training:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The recommendations of National educational Policy 2019 should be followed-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The practice of \u2018para-teachers\u2019 (unqualified, contract teachers)\u00a0should stopped\u00a0across the country by 2022.<\/li>\n<li>All teachers should be able to move into either educational administration or teacher education after a minimum number of years of teaching experience.<\/li>\n<li>Merit-based scholarships to be instituted to undertake the four-year integrated B.Ed.\u00a0program<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Investment in research and innovation:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>A National Research Foundation (NRF) should be set up as an autonomous body of the Government of India to boost investment in research and innovation.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\">2.<strong><b>The use of arbitrary power by State<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/arrest-the-virus-of-arbitrary-power\/article31901161.ece\"><strong><u><b>The Hindu<\/b><\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Syllabus: GS 2-Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency &amp; accountability and institutional and other measures.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>The accusation that state has used arbitrary power which\u00a0has\u00a0corroded our democratic structure.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Background:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Bail was denied to a pregnant student-activist who was arrested for creating disorder on an \u2018unprecedented scale\u2019 when she actively participated in a\u00a0protest against\u00a0the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019. There are questions on Whether the offence committed by a pregnant student-activist so grave that bail could not be granted until June 23 on her 4th attempt?<\/p>\n<p>The arbitrary use of power is deeply troublesome\u00a0especially when this is exercised by\u00a0the\u00a0government.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>The negative aspect of arbitrariness of laws:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Loss of freedom<\/b><\/strong>:<\/li>\n<li>Individuals, communities or citizens cannot function freely without a stable set of expectations. Frequent arbitrariness in the political domain leads to exploitation. It compresses upon the basic freedoms and blocks freedom.<\/li>\n<li>Laws enable significant freedoms and\u00a0stabilize\u00a0expectations. Laws enable our actions\u00a0to become broadly predictable.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>For example-\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>A person knows that he is legally restricted to drive only on the left. He will drive with greater freedom as he knows that chance of headlong collision is very sparse.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The arbitrariness puts someone at mercy of someone else:<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The person in a powerful position can\u00a0do\u00a0much greater harm\u00a0to\u00a0the people which is unjust.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>For example-\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>In the traffic example, suppose that two vehicles stop at the traffic light but just beyond the zebra crossing. The policeman issues a challan to one but not the other. Infact he seizes the driving\u00a0license\u00a0of a careful driver, who has stopped a good\u00a0meter\u00a0behind the crossing merely because he dislikes the make of his car.<\/li>\n<li>A person is made to act in accordance with the pleasure of state officials in case of power\u00a0exercised arbitrarily by the state. For example- the political enslavement where an entire people are\u00a0colonized\u00a0and subjected to the will of the\u00a0colonizers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There should not be use of arbitrariness in laws for upholding democratic rights. For example-\u00a0in the emergency (1975-77), opposition leaders were thrown in jail on the false charge of conspiring against the state.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>The Current charges of Emergency by critics:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There are rises in the number of FIRs filed at the behest of random persons on unsubstantiated complaints and little explanation.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Upending rights:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Consider the arrest of activists.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Non reasonable grounds of arrest and detention:<\/b><\/strong>Article 22 requires that anyone arrested and detained must be informed of the ground for such an arrest. Even the grounds of preventive detention must assume that the suspicion of offence is well-grounded based on available evidence which should satisfy any objective observer. It should not be based on mischievous allegations.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Arbitrary curtailment of liberty:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>There is an increase in its frequency and brazen partisanship.\u00a0Participants in the anti-corruption movement of 2011-12 were not thrown in jail.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There should not be whimsical curtailment of liberty and\u00a0rights of the people\u00a0by the government.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>3.Digital media redefining political communication<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/digital-media-twitter-facebook-political-debate-democracy-6472997\/\"><u>Indian Express<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><b>Syllabus\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u2013\u00a0GS 3 &#8211;\u00a0Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u2013\u00a0As India enters a technology-driven world, changes in the country\u2019s political discourse are natural and communication between parties and people will become simpler.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>A one-way process to a two-way process<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>One-way process<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; Before 21<sup>st<\/sup>\u00a0century mode and method of political communication restricted citizen\u2019s participation in political processes.\u00a0For instance \u2013 use of political gatherings and print media to disseminate ideas was done by\u00a0the\u00a0leaders in Indian Freedom Struggle.<br \/>\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62750\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2-27.png?resize=576%2C132&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2-27.png?w=576&amp;ssl=1 576w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2-27.png?resize=300%2C69&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture2-27.png?resize=150%2C34&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Figure 1- One-way process of political communication<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Disadvantages of this process<\/b><\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62751\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture3-20.png?resize=503%2C196&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"503\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture3-20.png?w=503&amp;ssl=1 503w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture3-20.png?resize=300%2C117&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture3-20.png?resize=150%2C58&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Two-way process<\/b><\/strong>\u2013\u00a0With the emergence of digital media, the process of political engagement has become two-way where citizens actively participate in national and international political events across the world.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>Advantages of digital media\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>&#8211;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Data for mainstream media<\/b><\/strong>-Tweets and\u00a0Facebook\u00a0posts are sources of information even for the so-called mainstream communication channels\u00a0like tv news, radio etc.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Virtuous cycle<\/b><\/strong>of active citizen participation and ethical practices of leaders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62752\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture4-15.png?resize=550%2C196&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture4-15.png?w=550&amp;ssl=1 550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture4-15.png?resize=300%2C107&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture4-15.png?resize=150%2C53&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Environmental cost<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; Reduces\u00a0the\u00a0need of pamphlets, posters, banners which cost heavily in terms of dumping\u00a0of waste and cutting of trees.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Effective use in pandemics<\/b><\/strong>\u2013 For instance, Home Minister Amit Shah\u2019s Bihar\u00a0jansamvad\u00a0rally has introduced us to a new experience of digital communication which ensures social distancing while continuing with political discourses in pandemics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Digital India is the backbone of innovative use of digital media in political sphere. Thus, need of the hour is to increase the availability, accessibility of digital\u00a0mediums by connecting whole India with optical fibre network.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>4.Importance of a strong Air Force in LAC.<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><a href=\"#:~:text=Air%20power%20represents%20the%20sharp,it%20does%20not%20get%20blunt\"><strong><u><b>The Hindu<\/b><\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Syllabus: GS 3-Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>Analyzing\u00a0the importance of a strong Air Force in the backdrop of India-China faceoff.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Background:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>1962 War:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA) entered Ladakh and down the\u00a0Sela\u00a0Pass into Bomdila because of uninformed\u00a0leadership, dominant Army brass and unsure Air Force leadership.<\/li>\n<li>The government resisted the use of IAF to stem China and IAF fighter pilots posted at air bases that could impact operations in Ladakh and the Tawang Sector (Pathankot and Tezpur) never called for action.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>1986-87 Confrontation:<\/b><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Defensive strategy:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>After the establishment of camp at Sumdorong Chu Valley, the\u00a0defense\u00a0forces put together a logistically viable envelopment strategy that terrified the Chinese with numbers, firepower and aggression without needless confrontation.<\/li>\n<li>An important element of this strategy was the use of helicopters and transport aircraft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Offensive Strategy:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>India took the battle to the most forward PLA base in the sector.<\/li>\n<li>There was close coordination between 4 Corps in Tezpur and the closest fighter base.<\/li>\n<li>India wanted the\u00a0capability to gain and maintain a\u00a0favourable\u00a0air situation for limited periods of time and carry out interdiction to back shallow multi-pronged thrusts across road-less terrain to outflank the Chinese build-up.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The ground situation across the LAC is largely one of parity and the Indian Army needs a numerical superiority of at least 5:1 for any tangible gains or tactical advantage. For gaining advantage, air power will prove to be decisive in depleting the PLA\u2019s combat potential.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>The advantages of IAF:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Superiority:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The IAF currently enjoys both a qualitative and quantitative advantage over the People\u2019s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) across the LAC.<\/li>\n<li>It\u2019s fighter fleet of 4th Generation Aircraft (Su-30 MKIs, Mirage-2000s and MiG-29s) are superior in almost every respect to the PLAAF\u2019s J-10s, J-11s and SU-30 MKKs.<\/li>\n<li>The IAF has more operational bases than the PLAAF close to the LAC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Advantage by the IAF in the aerial mobility department:<\/b><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The IAF transport fleet of C-17s, Il-76s, An-32s and C-130s are as proficient in diverse roles as the best air forces in the world.<\/li>\n<li>The Indian Army has gained confidence through rapid troop induction into major bases or at Advance Landing Grounds like DBO\u00a0or\u00a0Nyoma or inter-valley transfer and insertion of special forces with helicopters like Chinooks.<\/li>\n<li>The IAF\u2019s Apaches would add significant firepower in Ladakh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Areas of concern for IAF:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>A strong ground-based air\u00a0defence\u00a0network by PLAAF in Tibet:<\/b><\/strong>It comprises the S-300, S-400 and HQ-9 systems that will prove a contest for IAF.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The advantage of PLAAF in long-range air delivered cruise missiles (500-3,000 km):<\/b><\/strong>It has H-6 bomber as compared to the IAF\u2019s Su-30 MKI who has just been cleared to carry the\u00a0BrahMos\u00a0land attack cruise missile with a range of 300 km.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Area of surveillance:\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>China possesses a large complement of the Yaogan series of low earth orbit surveillance satellites that offer it an almost persistent stare capability over areas of interest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In the next decade or so, the IAF will lose its competitive advantage with the PLAAF as the latter has invested heavily in\u00a0modernization.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There is a need for clear vision and an acceptance of the importance of air power along the LAC to tackle the challenge of China.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>5.Food security and farmer welfare<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source \u2013\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/crop-of-ironies\/article31900748.ece\"><strong><u><b>T<\/b><\/u><\/strong><u>he Hindu<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><b>Syllabus \u2013<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0GS 3\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Agricultural growth and issues arising from it<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u2013\u00a0Current Pandemic has highlighted that food security and farmer welfare are intertwined and can\u2019t be treated in silos.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Disguised Unemployment<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; Agriculture accounts for around 17% of India\u2019s GDP but nearly 50% of the country\u2019s population depends on farm-based income.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Impact of lockdown<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 With the announcement of lockdown, migrant farm workers fled the\u00a0fields\u00a0en masse, unable to sustain their livelihoods.\u00a0This has following consequences:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Threat to food security<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62753\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture5-10.png?resize=577%2C164&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"577\" height=\"164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture5-10.png?w=577&amp;ssl=1 577w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture5-10.png?resize=300%2C85&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture5-10.png?resize=150%2C43&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 577px) 100vw, 577px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Spread of pandemic in rural areas\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62754\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture6-5.png?resize=578%2C68&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"578\" height=\"68\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture6-5.png?w=578&amp;ssl=1 578w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture6-5.png?resize=300%2C35&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Picture6-5.png?resize=150%2C18&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 578px) 100vw, 578px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Challenges<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0in ensuring farm income and food security:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Climate change<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; Unseasonal rain and hail arrived at the beginning of the year\u00a0damaged the Rabi crop.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Locust invasion\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u2013 The swarm of locust arrived India in May which has the potential of damaging the crops.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Government policy failures\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0The Food Corporation of India\u2019s godowns overflowing with grain stock at three times the buffer stock norms.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>Suggested solutions<\/b><\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>One nation one card<\/b><\/strong>-Filling the gap between policy prescriptions and implementation with timely release of fixed quantities of free food grains and pulses to the migrants, even to those without ration cards, for the months of June and July.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Remuneration with PM KISAN\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0Increasing government allocations to poor farmers through the PM KISAN scheme by including everyone, even those who do not own land.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Availability of farm input\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0Ensuring timely availability of seeds and fertilizers for the next season by roping in gram\u00a0sabhas\u00a0to verify claimants.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Stakeholder participation<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; Involving Farmer Producer Organisations in the process to ensure the safeguarding of farmers\u2019 rights via collective bargaining.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Doubling farm income and ensuring food security need better productivity and shifting of disguised farm labour from agricultural fields to industries with Make in India and self-reliant mission.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"link1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\">9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n<p>Click on &#8220;Factly articles for 24th June 2020&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/factly.forumias.com\/factly-articles-for-24th-june-2020\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read out 9 PM brief for all your current affairs needs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":61408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[75,1095,1075,79,1060,90],"class_list":["post-62740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","tag-current-affairs","tag-forumias-current-affaris","tag-free-current-affairs","tag-free-ias-notes","tag-free-ias-preparation","tag-free-study-material","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/9-pm-brief-1.gif?fit=2296%2C450&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704940658},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62740"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62740\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}