{"id":65156,"date":"2020-09-08T21:00:27","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T15:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=65156"},"modified":"2020-09-08T18:11:19","modified_gmt":"2020-09-08T12:41:19","slug":"9-pm-daily-brief-september-8th-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-brief-september-8th-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Brief \u2013 September 8th, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader.<\/p>\n<p>Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\r\n<p><strong>About 9 PM Brief<\/strong>- With the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 PM Daily Current affairs for UPSC brief we intend<\/span> to simplify the newspaper reading experience. In 9PM briefs, we provide our reader with a summary of all the important articles and editorials from three important newspapers namely The Hindu, Indian Express, and Livemint. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage, and factual information from a Mains examination point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>About Factly<\/strong>- The Factly initiative covers all the daily news articles regarding Preliminary examination. This will be provided at the end of the 9 PM Brief.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dear Aspirants,<\/p>\r\n<p>We know for a fact that learning without evaluation is a wasted effort. Therefore, we request you to please go through both our initiatives i.e 9PM Briefs and Factly, then evaluate yourself through the 10PM Current Affairs Quiz.<\/p>\r\n<p>We plan to integrate all our free daily initiatives to comprehensively support your success journey.<br \/><strong>Happy Learning!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<h3>9 PM for Mains examination<\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>GS-2<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Demographic dividend &#8211; Youth and atma nirbhar<\/li>\n<li>India\u2019s confusing signals on India- China stand off<\/li>\n<li>Reduce state-level regulation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>GS-3<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Indian economic recovery &#8211; Unlock phases<\/li>\n<li>Complex Naga conflict<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n<h4><a href=\"#link1\">FACTLy<\/a><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>1.Demographic dividend &#8211; Youth and atma nirbhar<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source: <\/b><\/strong>The Hindu<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><b>Syllabus: <\/b><\/strong>GS-2- Youth<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context: <\/b><\/strong>India can achieve the goal of self-reliance (atmanirbharta) by enhancing the capability of youth.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Are we investing in our youth?<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The Central government spends about \u20b92,710 per youth on education, skill development, employment, health care and food subsidies<\/b><\/strong>, according to the national youth policy report.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The 2014 National Youth Policy (NYP)<\/b><\/strong>defined youth as persons between 15 and 29 years.<\/li>\n<li>Assuming that States spend an equal amount on the youth, even then <strong><b>the total investment in our youth would be under 1% of the GDP.<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The youth unemployment rate<\/b><\/strong>is at least 18.3% (3.47 crore youths) according to the 2018 State of Working India Report.<\/li>\n<li>About 30% of youth fall under the <strong><b>\u2018neither in employment nor in education\u2019<\/b><\/strong>category and 33% of India\u2019s skilled youth are unemployed.<\/li>\n<li>Post the COVID-19 lockdown<strong><b>, the CMIE estimated a loss of 14 crore jobs in April alone of which 2.7 crore concerned youth<\/b><\/strong>, when around 50 lakh youth are expected to be entering the workforce annually.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Steps to be taken<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>India has just a decade\u2019s time to realise the youth demographic dividend. So, the country <strong><b>should launch an Indian Youth Guarantee (IYG) programme.<\/b><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The European Union Youth Guarantee (EU-YG) launched a similar programme<\/b><\/strong>in 2010 at a time when youth unemployment rates were soaring above 20%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In order to <strong><b>ensure gainful and productive engagement of youth<\/b><\/strong>, functioning of an Indian youth Guarantee (IYG) initiativeas an implementing framework with legal backing could help.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Youth Component Plan: <\/b><\/strong>the plan could help in the allocating budgetary resources under a separate head on the lines of the <strong><b>Special Component Plan for the Scheduled Castes and the Tribal Sub-Plan.\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>IYG\u2019s goal: <\/b><\/strong>young people graduating from college or losing a job either find a good quality job suited to their education and experience or acquire skills required to find a job through an internship within a fixed time period.<\/li>\n<li>The district administration and local bodies should be incorporated by IYG for more effective outcomes.<\/li>\n<li>Existing youth schemes and skilling infrastructure need to be merged and modernised.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Learning from MGNREGA<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)<\/b><\/strong>has been very effective in providing rural livelihood security and social protection yet only about 4% of youth in the labour force have been impacted by it.<\/li>\n<li>Even though, an urban youth employment programme will be a new involvement, the rural youth employment should be instituted alongside MGNREGA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>The youth development Index<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The Youth Development Index (YDI) <\/b><\/strong>in India serves as an advisory and monitory tool for youth development and helps recognise priority areas, gaps and alternative approaches specific to each State.<\/li>\n<li>YDI can be revisited and deployed to play a vital role in crafting a region-specific IYG.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>The way forward<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IYG needs to be implemented across the country to address youth unemployment particularly given the rapid structural changes in the economy.<\/li>\n<li>India should focus on the youth of the country in order to become self-reliant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>2.India\u2019s confusing signals on India- China stand off<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source- <\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/todays-paper\/tp-opinion\/chinas-lac-aggression-indias-obfuscation\/article32547624.ece\"><strong><u><b>The Hindu<\/b><\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><b>Syllabus- GS 2- <\/b><\/strong>India and its neighbourhood- relations<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context- <\/b><\/strong>The Indian government seem to be sending out confusing signals about the ongoing India-China stand-off on the Line of Actual Control (LAC).<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Contradictory stand of Indian Government<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Ambiguous about situation<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; On the one hand, it has decided not to reveal the exact nature of the situation on the LAC. Prime Minister had claimed on June 20 that \u201cneither has anyone intruded into the Indian territory nor has anyone captured any military posts.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Bilateral measures to solve the ongoing dispute<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; On the other hand, it is attempting to negotiate Chinese withdrawal from Indian Territory rather than using kinetic means or tit-for-tat measures to reclaim its territory.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>Reasons for such contradictory stand <\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Domestic compulsion<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; Acknowledging Chinese possession of Indian Territory is bad optics for a party whose hardcore supporters revel in the military bravado of the party.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>Implication of contradictory stand <\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Creation of \u2018Two-and-a half front situation\u2019 of India<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>A restive Kashmir<\/li>\n<li>An aggressive China<\/li>\n<li>A Pakistan that never misses an opportunity to get at India<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Thus, all of this together forms a formidable national security challenge.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Challenges to solve current stand-off<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Covid- 19 worries- <\/b><\/strong>As all nations are preoccupied with the domestic political, economic and public health worries of COVID- 19, there is little enthusiasm to stand by India.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>External support- <\/b><\/strong>Due to<b><\/b>India\u2019s inability to clearly articulate, identity and address the Chinese threat, no other nation or international system is able to stand by India in pushing back China.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Discrepancy within Indian strategic community- <\/b><\/strong>Nations normally stand together and speak in unison, but this situation has not brought the country\u2019s political and strategic elites together unlike say during the Kargil crisis or the Mumbai terror attacks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>India needs to stand together in unity and present the actual facts on the LAC crisis. So that it can take action accordingly in forming political strategies and policies with China and other nations to save its national interest, territory and integrity as a democracy.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>3.Reduce state-level regulation<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source: <\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/opinion\/online-views\/reduce-state-level-regulatory-cholesterol-to-aid-job-creation-11599490648163.html\"><strong><u><b>LiveMint<\/b><\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><b>Syllabus: GS2:<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0<strong><b>Government Policies and Interventions for Development in various sectors and Issues arising out of their Design and Implementation.<\/b><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context<\/b><\/strong>: There is need to reduce state-level regulation to aid job creation.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Debate over roles of the state and central governments:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The debate over role of state seeded by the <strong><b>introduction of dyarchy in 1919<\/b><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Later it became an important part for people who started drafting Constitution in 1946.<\/li>\n<li>As per former prime minister Indira Gandhi, strong states lead to a weak nation.<\/li>\n<li>As per former Andhra Pradesh CM N. T Rama Rao, the central government is a conceptual myth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Regulatory cholesterol for enterprises<\/b><\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Too rigid regulations:<\/b><\/strong>The compliance burden imposed by states on enterprises is too thick for industries to flourish and generate formal employment.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Approximate number of regulations:<\/b><\/strong>there are around 1,536 Acts that create 69,233 compliances and 6,618 filings every year.<\/li>\n<li>Frequent changes in regulation leads to instability and reduce confidence of employers. For instance, regulations changed eight times a day last year.<\/li>\n<li>Massive, uncoordinated and punitive regulations made difficult for employers to create jobs.<\/li>\n<li>Adding to this, recently COVID-19 has challenged finances, guarantees and borrowing of States.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Centre- State share in increasing regulatory cholesterol:<\/b><\/strong>55% of the Acts, 63% of compliances, and 65 % of filings are at the levels of states. Both the Centre and states legislate on labour, these constitute almost 72% of all the state compliances. States account for a whopping 97.4% of the 2,721 labour registers, displays and returns demanded. On an average state has 50 different registers and 15 unique returns to be filed in a year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Possible implications of regulatory cholesterol:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Breeds informalisation of workforce and create sub-scale and uncompetitive enterprises.<\/li>\n<li>The farm sector continues to employ 45% of our labour force.<\/li>\n<li>Reduce productivity of enterprises.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Dwarf enterprises:<\/b><\/strong>due to complex rules India doesn\u2019t have large factories.<\/li>\n<li>Poor social security to workers and minimum wage is also not guaranteed to workers in such enterprises.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Less revenue to government<\/b><\/strong>: India\u2019s 63 million enterprises only translate to 120 million GST registrants and only 70,000 of these have annual revenues of more than \u20b95 crore.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Regulatory cholesterol hurts MSMEs<\/b><\/strong>: they don\u2019t have the resources, time or skills to handle the complexity that supports a parasitic community of consultants, retired bureaucrats and inspectors whose services include \u201cgood relations&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"752\"><strong><b>Significance of MSMES: <\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0Account for 32% of India\u2019s gross domestic product (GDP), 24% of employment, 45% of exports, 33% of manufacturing, and 25% of services.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0They are the most vulnerable to the covid crisis, the least responsible for it, and the key to its solution.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0Jack Ma suggests Alibaba\u2019s biggest economic contribution is an ecosystem that helps Chinese small businesses grow.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0Angela Merkel suggests the backbone of Germany\u2019s industrial value creation is its Mittelstand, and Ronald Reagan believed small businesses embody American optimism.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong><b>Steps that should be taken:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Rationalisation: <\/b><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Form a compliance commission: <\/b><\/strong>with a 90-day mandate to review all compliances and filings for relevance.<\/li>\n<li>Redundant, duplicate and overlapping items should be identified and rescinded by way of an executive order.<\/li>\n<li>For instance, there are at least four different formats of accident registers, seven formats for wage registers, four of inspection\/visit books, and several formats of attendance records, employee records and advances. The number of registers and returns can be reduced by 90%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Simplification<\/b><\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Process of inspection of enterprises is highly manual and there is no coordination among inspectors.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Digital interface<\/b><\/strong>: States need to review these practices and introduce risk-based, consolidated, faceless, presence-less, and digital inspection processes.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Telangana<\/b><\/strong>has recently implemented such a process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Digitization<\/b><\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Introduce single interface<\/b><\/strong>: States should catalogue all enterprise interfaces needed for one-time applications for licences, registrations, renewals, returns and payments.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Build or upgrade existing digital platforms<\/b><\/strong>: to ensure that no physical visit or meeting is required to conduct day-to-day business with enterprises.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Reduce the need for third-party consultants<\/b><\/strong>: Electronic document submission with unique tracking numbers, date and time stamps, service level agreements.<\/li>\n<li>Reduce the need of physical office visits for submissions, follow up and payments.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Establish a common portal:<\/b><\/strong>to publish all regulatory changes, instead of multiple portals at the department, municipal, zila parishad and gram panchayat levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The time has come for States to rationalize, simplify and digitize employer compliances for India to attract factory refugees from China and create a fertile habitat for formal non-farm job creation.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>4.Indian economic recovery &#8211; Unlock phases<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source- <\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/gdp-contraction-indian-economy-6587087\/\"><strong><u><b>The Indian Express<\/b><\/u><\/strong><\/a><strong><b>, <\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/indian-economy-negative-growth-gdp-contraction-6587115\/\"><strong><u><b>The Indian Express<\/b><\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><b>Syllabus- GS 3- <\/b><\/strong>Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>Context<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; India\u2019s economy shrank nearly 24 percent in first [April-June] quarter of 2020, the most drastic fall in decades.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Reasons for GDP contraction <\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Draconian lockdown<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; India had the most intense lockdown starting from March 25, resulting in the unprecedented suspension of economic activity in the first quarter of this fiscal year.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Parsimonious fiscal response<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; Fiscal response of the free food, subsidized credit and a handful of transfers to the most vulnerable not only limited the contribution of government spending to the economy, but was also insufficient to offset the drag caused by households and firms scaling back consumption and investment.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Low growth rate in consumption, investment and export<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; GDP is contracted because Private consumption, investments by businesses and Import which account for over\u00a088% of Indian total GDP, saw a massive contraction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Advantages of early lockdown- <\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Slowed down the spread of the virus to provide extra time to resist.<\/li>\n<li>Provided extra time to ramp up the health and testing infrastructure.<\/li>\n<li>Lower death count as compared to other affected countries.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>Figure regarding GDP decline due to COVID-19, economics green shoot and recovering economy in unlock phase-<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Figure 1- <\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>GDP being 23.9 per cent lower was primarily due to the pandemic-induced lockdown.<\/li>\n<li>India\u2019s death per lakh is an order of magnitude is lower.<\/li>\n<li>India\u2019s humane economic policy based on the principle that while GDP growth will recover \u00a0but human lives that are lost cannot be brought back.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Figure 2-<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The green shoots before the pandemic display that the government\u2019s policy thrust since July 2019 was having the desired impact.<\/li>\n<li>The services sector has been most affected by the need for\u00a0social distancing\u00a0and the lockdown.<\/li>\n<li>The purchasing managers index (PMI), had trended up sharply with Services PMI registering the best growth by February before dropping precipitously below 50 per cent in March.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Figure 3 and table1-<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The V-shaped recovery in these indicators suggests that the government\u2019s measures are enabling a recovery in the unlock phase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-65177\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Picture1-9.png?resize=750%2C366&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Picture1-9.png?w=759&amp;ssl=1 759w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Picture1-9.png?resize=300%2C146&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Picture1-9.png?resize=150%2C73&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Different Phases to return to normalcy- <\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Gradual unlocking<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; Gradual process of unlocking, with supply-chain normalization and pent-up demand resulting in faster sequential momentum.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Exiting from the lockdown<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; The post-lockdown pent-up demand typically fades, while operations plateau below the pre-pandemic levels<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Exit path from the pandemic<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; Going back to pre-pandemic levels either through the flattening of the curve, the emergence of vaccines or the development of herd immunity.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Post-pandemic new normal<\/b><\/strong>&#8211; Fourth phase in which potential growth settles lower<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><b>Way forward- <\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Coordinated fiscal and monetary policies are required to finance higher deficits.\u00a0The RBI has focused on support via liquidity in secondary markets and other regulatory measures to bring yields down, flatten the yield curve, and incentivize banks to buy more government paper.\u00a0Debt monetization, as Indonesia has already done, might be the second round of defence in coming months.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><b>5.Complex Naga conflict<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><b>Source: <\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/todays-paper\/tp-opinion\/the-search-for-an-end-to-the-complex-naga-conflict\/article32547627.ece\"><strong><u><b>The<\/b><\/u><\/strong><\/a><strong><u><b>\u00a0Hindu<\/b><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><b>Syllabus: GS3<\/b><\/strong>:\u00a0Linkages between Development and Spread of Extremism, Role of External State and Non-state Actors in creating challenges to Internal Security<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><b>GS1:<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism &amp; Secularism<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Context: <\/b><\/strong>North east is strategically significant but it has largely remained marginal in the country\u2019s popular imagination as well as mainstream politics.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Current scenario:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The region has witnessed multiple crises including bloody insurgencies.<\/li>\n<li>It lacks the emotional resonance of the Kashmir conflict due to geographical, cultural, and ethnic factors.<\/li>\n<li>Naga insurgency: culture of extortion and the collapse of general law and order situation in Nagaland.<\/li>\n<li>Organised armed gangs run their own parallel \u2018tax collection\u2019 regimes. Extortions in the name of taxes have been a thorny facet of the Naga issue.<\/li>\n<li>The \u2018taxes\u2019 levied by insurgent groups are intertwined in almost all developmental activities in Nagaland that any serious discussion of the issue has been conveniently avoided<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Features of Naga insurgency:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Naga insurgency has defied a lasting solution due to\n<ul>\n<li>Politics of sub-nationalism.<\/li>\n<li>complexities of regional geopolitics.<\/li>\n<li>Evolving dynamics of counterinsurgency tactics,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>It is an extraordinarily complicated conflict whose management has involved a mix of violent response and bargaining.<\/li>\n<li>The current peace talks and resolution efforts only testifies the intractable nature of the conflict.<\/li>\n<li>The major aims of the NSCN-IM has been to acquire formal recognition to this informal practice of taxation and violence through negotiations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Reasons for continuation of Naga insurgency:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Safe havens:<\/b><\/strong>Naga insurgents were provided with \u2018safe haven\u2019 in Myanmar. China and Pakistan also provided them with vital external support at one point of time.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Multiple stakeholders:<\/b><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Government led talks are not negotiating table alone where various issues pertaining to the Naga problem are being discussed and addressed. The politics of its \u2018resolution\u2019 is taking place at multiple sites.<\/li>\n<li>Various types of political systems are found among the Nagas\u2014ranging from the pure democracy of the Angami to the autocratic rule of the Ahngs (tribal chiefs) of the Konyaks, from the gerontocracy (Tatar) of the Aos to the semi-republics of the Zeliangrongs.<\/li>\n<li>The NSCN split into several factions, the Centre entered into peace negotiations with almost each of them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Peace efforts made:<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A major accommodative tactic in the form of statehood to Nagaland in 1963 was not successful.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Shillong Accord (1975)<\/b><\/strong>: The Naga National Council (NNC) leadership agreed to give up arms. Its unacceptance by several sections led to the split of NNC, whose offspring was the National Socialist Council of Nagalim (NSCN).<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>The NNC Ceasefire Agreement (1997):<\/b><\/strong>The NSCN-IM signed a ceasefire agreement with the government to stop attacks on Indian armed forces. In return, the government would stop all counter-insurgency offensive operations.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Framework Agreement (2015) with NSCN(IM):<\/b><\/strong>In this agreement, the Government of India recognised the unique history, culture and position of the Nagas and their sentiments and aspirations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Underlying issues: <\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Outcome of these \u2018ceasefires\u2019: <\/b><\/strong>Creation and existence of unspoken \u2018spheres of influence\u2019.<\/li>\n<li>After framework agreement with NSCN(IM), Centre realised that privileging one insurgent group could eventually <strong><b>distort the contours of the final peace accord<\/b><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Non-inclusion of all Naga groups: <\/b><\/strong>the NSCN- Khaplang, whose cadres are reported to be inside Myanmar, is still outside the formal process. Government subsequently enlarged the peace process by roping in seven other Naga insurgent groups under the umbrella of <strong><b>Naga National Political Groups (NNPG).<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>NSCN(I-M) is opposed to the treatment of the Naga issue as a \u2018law and order\u2019 problem.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Varying interpretation of \u2018sovereignty\u2019<\/b><\/strong>: Naga demand for a separate flag and a \u2018constitution\u2019 has been a key hindrance in building trust among the parties.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Disturbing regional peace through mobilisation of the Naga population:<\/b><\/strong>Naga\u2019s demand of Nagalim includes various parts of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Assam and Myanmar as well.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Proliferation of weapons:<\/b><\/strong>As a \u2018ceasefire\u2019 group, its cadres are supposed to retain their weapons inside the designated camps for self-defence only, but many influential cadres are seen moving with weapons in civilian localities.<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>Trust deficit: <\/b><\/strong>NSCN(I-M) has alleged that the interlocutor has subtly manipulated the framework agreement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Centre must keep in mind that most of the armed insurgencies across the world do not end in either total victory or comprehensive defeat, but in a <strong><b>grey zone called \u2018compromise\u2019.<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"link1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\">9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n<p>Click on &#8220;Factly articles for 8th September 2020&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/factly.forumias.com\/factly-articles-for-8th-september-2020\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read out 9 PM brief for all your current affairs needs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":61408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[75,1095,1075,79,1060,90],"class_list":["post-65156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","tag-current-affairs","tag-forumias-current-affaris","tag-free-current-affairs","tag-free-ias-notes","tag-free-ias-preparation","tag-free-study-material","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/9-pm-brief-1.gif?fit=2296%2C450&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704893825},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65156"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65156\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}