{"id":65890,"date":"2020-10-02T21:00:25","date_gmt":"2020-10-02T15:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=65890"},"modified":"2020-12-23T12:56:42","modified_gmt":"2020-12-23T07:26:42","slug":"9-pm-daily-brief-october-2nd-2020-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-brief-october-2nd-2020-2\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Brief \u2013 October 2nd, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader.<\/p>\n<p>Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\r\n<p><strong>About 9 PM Brief<\/strong>- With the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 PM Daily Current affairs for UPSC brief we intend<\/span> to simplify the newspaper reading experience. In 9PM briefs, we provide our reader with a summary of all the important articles and editorials from three important newspapers namely The Hindu, Indian Express, and Livemint. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage, and factual information from a Mains examination point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>About Factly<\/strong>- The Factly initiative covers all the daily news articles regarding Preliminary examination. This will be provided at the end of the 9 PM Brief.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dear Aspirants,<\/p>\r\n<p>We know for a fact that learning without evaluation is a wasted effort. Therefore, we request you to please go through both our initiatives i.e 9PM Briefs and Factly, then evaluate yourself through the 10PM Current Affairs Quiz.<\/p>\r\n<p>We plan to integrate all our free daily initiatives to comprehensively support your success journey.<br \/><strong>Happy Learning!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<h3>9 PM for Mains examination<\/h3>\n<p><strong>GS-1<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The legacy of Gandhi<\/li>\n<li>The Prime Minister India almost forgot<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>GS-2<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>India- China<\/li>\n<li>Amnesty halting India operations<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n<h4><a href=\"#link1\">FACTLy<\/a><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h3><strong> The legacy of Gandhi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/the-mahatma-as-an-intercultural-indian\/article32747352.ece\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Syllabus: <\/strong>GS-1- History<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Context: <\/strong>Mahatma Gandhi was an intercultural Indian and his intellectual openness helped him to live up to his ideals.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What can one understand by Gandhi and his ideas?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gandhi was an original thinker and an acute political strategist<\/strong>, who believed profoundly in the possibility of introducing humanity to the principle of non-violence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gandhi\u2019s idea of non-violence was\u00a0a realistic hope<\/strong> with a little of practical idealism. He presented himself as an Asian who was influenced by Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, and as a person who was deeply influenced by the teachings of Jesus Christ, Socrates, Tolstoy, Ruskin and Thoreau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Intellectual openness<\/strong>: It helped him to learn from others. Hee was the founding father of modern non-violence as it has been practised for the past 100 years around the globe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What was ethical mode of conduct?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The philosophy of non-violence t<\/strong>urned into an instrument of public dissent and a practical tool of the powerless against the powerful.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The \u201csoul force\u201d:<\/strong> It was an instrument of conflict resolution and universal harmony. Non-violence was also an essentially moral exercise and an ethical mode of conduct.<\/li>\n<li>The Gandhian philosophy of non-violence assigns a duty to <strong>citizens to be watchful<\/strong> about the abuses of power by the state and to struggle <strong>against the \u201cSultanization\u201d of political power <\/strong>in our contemporary societies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What was Gandhi\u2019s idea of establishing a just society?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gandhi\u2019s idea of democracy centres on moral growth in humankind, where an undisciplined and unrestricted <strong>individualism is replaced by empathetic humanism<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Gandhi believed that humanity had to <strong>develop certain qualities such as fearlessness, non-possession and humility.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The main aim was to <strong>restructure humans<\/strong> to suit an inter-cultural and pluri-dimensional democracy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Were his approaches ahead of its time?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Non-violent democratic theory<\/strong> as a philosophy of inter-cultural dialogue is still far ahead of our times, several generations after his death.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pluralistic approach to the dialogue<\/strong> of cultures and faiths, Gandhi was far ahead of his time.<\/li>\n<li>His philosophy of democracy remains neither mono-cultural nor essentialist.<\/li>\n<li>The modes and methods of achieving democracy include <strong>Satyagraha and Swaraj,<\/strong> which are not theological concepts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Approach to the many-sidedness of truth:<\/strong> It was an effort to bridge different views of life\u00a0and this is why he did not reject different traditions of social life.<\/li>\n<li>He simply stated what he considered to be authentic in them and thought of bringing them together in the realisation of an ethical common ground.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What was his idea of \u2018Indianness\u2019?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Politics- a fragile concept:<\/strong> \u00a0he refused to define India in terms of ethnic purity or linguistic unity or some other unifying religious attribute as it is vulnerable to nationalist justifications of violence and war.<\/li>\n<li>Gandhi\u2019s philosophy of democracy introduced an anti-monistic and <strong>diverse dimension into a mainly territorial rootedness of Indianness.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Gandhi\u2019s appeal to global companionship<\/strong> was based on an inclusive and dialogical idea of living together which disapproved all forms of national or religious self-centredness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Way forward<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>We should ponder upon his saying that \u201cThe golden way is to be friends with the world and to regard the whole human family as one. He who distinguishes between the votaries of one\u2019s own religion and those of another miss-educates the members of his own and opens the way for discord and irreligion.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong> The Prime Minister India almost forgot<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Source- <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/the-prime-minister-india-almost-forgot\/article32747350.ece\"><strong>The Hindu<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Syllabus- GS 1- <\/strong>Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Context-<\/strong> Lessons from Lal Bahadur Shastri\u2019s political life.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Who was Lal Bahadur Shastri?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>He was born on 2<sup>nd<\/sup> October 1904.<\/li>\n<li>He resigned twice from the cabinet posts assuming his moral responsibility-<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>1956- <\/strong>For railway accidents in Mahbubnagar, Andhra Pradesh and Ariyalur, Tamil Nadu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1963-<\/strong> To work in the party organisation under the Kamaraj Plan.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>He served as the second Prime Minister of India during 1964-1966.<\/li>\n<li>Slogan- \u201cJai Jawan, Jai Kisan\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>He died under mysterious circumstances on 11<sup>th<\/sup> January 1966.<\/li>\n<li>He was posthumously awarded the \u2018Bharat Ratna\u2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What were the changes achieved by Lal Bahadur Shashtri as a political leader?\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Promote Green Revolution<\/strong>&#8211; His vision for self-sufficiency in food grains led to sowing the seeds of the Green Revolution, and promotion of the White Revolution, a national campaign to increase milk production.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Srimavo-Shastri Pact<\/strong>&#8211; In 1964, he signed an agreement with the Sri Lankan Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike, in concern with the status of Indian Tamils in Ceylon.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anti-corruption<\/strong>&#8211; In 1961, he was appointed as Home Minister, and he appointed the\u00a0Committee on Prevention of Corruption. He created the famous \u201cShastri Formula\u201d which consisted of the language agitations in Assam and Punjab.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A Leader-<\/strong> Shastri\u2019s selection as Prime Minister was itself an affirmation of the party\u2019s organisation and self-correcting mechanism, notwithstanding its moral ambiguities and patronage politics.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1965 War<\/strong>&#8211; His brilliant leadership during 1965 war in countering Pakistan\u2019s aggression and surprise attack helped India in gaining its lost confidence due to the 1962 war and paved way for winning 1971 war. Under his Prime Ministership India for the first time took the battle to invader&#8217;s territory.<\/li>\n<li><strong>As a Diplomat<\/strong> &#8211; He developed close relations with USSR in the aftermath of 1962 war. However, he is criticised for letting USSR dictate terms of Tashkent agreement as an arbitrator and surrendering Haji Pir Pass to Pakistan which India had occupied in the war.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>What were the challenges faced by the Lal Bahardur Shashtri during his office of Prime Minister?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>In the national arena-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Following were some of the question marks at the cross-section of nation, region and institution for the Prime Minister. &#8211;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The language violence in Tamil Nadu.<\/li>\n<li>Returning President\u2019s rule in Kerala.<\/li>\n<li>Persisting feuds in Uttar Pradesh.<\/li>\n<li>Enduring demand for a Punjabi<\/li>\n<li>Continuing farce in Kashmir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>In the international arena- <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>A subdued Non-Aligned Movement.<\/li>\n<li>Nuclear challenge of China.<\/li>\n<li>A change in the Soviet leadership.<\/li>\n<li>A new leader in Pakistan- President Ayub Khan.<\/li>\n<li>An Anglo-American-Commonwealth combine distracted with varied issues such as Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Like most in his time, he rose humbly from the provinces in national politics, and carried his convictions from his faith in people, their constitution and representation. Crucially, he remained modest in both his personal probity and policy making and was not invested solely in his occupancy of his office.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong> India- China<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/a-strategic-dealing-with-china\/article32746869.ece\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Syllabus: <\/strong>GS-2- International Relations<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Context: <\/strong>India should be involved with China economically even as it opposes it militarily.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why should India be involved with china economically?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Timing of the economic disassociation with China:<\/strong> India\u2019s economy was badly affected by the Covid-19 and attempt to break ties with china economically has a wrong timing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>India is dependent on Chinese imports:<\/strong> Chinese venture capitalists have poured in more than $8 billion into some of India\u2019s most successful start-ups where as a smaller portion of China\u2019s imports are from India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What are the lessons from China?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Relationship of china and Taiwan:<\/strong> Trade between the China and Taiwan has remained strong over the past four years even though China claims Taiwan as its own territory and sometimes threatens invasion.<\/li>\n<li>The Taiwanese firm Foxconn makes almost all the iPhones that the world buys from factories in China.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Relationship of china and US:<\/strong> China continues to do business with the US despite the tensions between both the nations. The US is the largest trading partner of china.<\/li>\n<li>S. Tesla\u2019s massive car and battery plants are coming up in China and American farmers still sell soya to China.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Relationship of china and the European Union: <\/strong>In the first half of 2017 more than 3,000 container trains ran between the two continents, exceeding the total for the previous six years combined and serving 35 cities in China, with 34 destinations in Europe as a part its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).<\/li>\n<li>The European Union is China\u2019s second largest trading partner.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Why shouldn\u2019t India take knee-jerk reactions?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>China has consistently increased its trade with South Asia<\/strong> after 2005 according to the Brookings Policy Brief.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Defying the logic of proximity<\/strong>, most of India\u2019s neighbours are now largely reliant on China for their imports.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Way forward<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>India should consider joining the rest of the world in restraining in China and calling it out for its worst extremes.<\/li>\n<li>India should establish road and rail connectivity with its immediate neighbours and even Southeast Asia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Read also:-\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Daily Current Affair<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong> Amnesty halting India operations<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Source- <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/editorial\/constraining-critique-the-hindu-editorial-on-amnesty-international-halting-india-operations\/article32747343.ece\"><strong>The Hindu<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Syllabus- GS 2- <\/strong>Development processes and the development industry \u2014the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Context- <\/strong>Amnesty International has halted its human rights operation in India due to the freezing of its bank accounts by the Government of India.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is the case? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recently,\u00a0Amnesty International (AI)\u00a0India had demanded\u00a0an independent investigation\u00a0into all allegations of human rights violations by the police during the\u00a0north-east Delhi riots\u00a0and\u00a0the establishment of the\u00a0National Commission for Human Rights\u00a0in Jammu and Kashmir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Government\u2019s response<\/strong>&#8211; India doesn&#8217;t allow interference in domestic political debates by entities funded by foreign donations. This law applies equally to all and it shall apply to Amnesty International as well.<\/li>\n<li>In order to circumvent the\u00a0Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010\u00a0(FCRA) regulations,\u00a0Amnesty UK\u00a0remitted large amounts of money to four entities registered in India, by classifying it as\u00a0Foreign Direct Investment\u00a0(FDI).<\/li>\n<li>A significant amount of foreign money was also remitted to\u00a0Amnesty (India)\u00a0without approval of the Ministry of Home Affairs under FCRA. This rerouting of money was\u00a0in contravention of extant legal provisions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What are the new rules for NGOs under FCRA amendment 2020? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2020\u00a0was passed by the Parliament amending Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In order to receive foreign funds, an NGO has to register with the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is assigned a unique\u00a0FCRA registration number,\u00a0to be renewed every five years.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0cap on administrative expenses has been lowered\u00a0from 50% of foreign funds received to 20% to ensure spending on their main objectives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What is the impact of this amendment?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This amendment may be used to suppress the NOGs that dissent against the Government and restrict freedom of expression.<\/li>\n<li>It\u00a0prohibits\u00a0the transfer of foreign grants received by an entity to a partner organization or an associated person, which is a usual practice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Way forward<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Democratic regimes that are bound by constitutionalism should not consider critical activism by groups such as Amnesty as being adversarial, but instead view it as constructive critique of their functioning. Government needs to allow for a vibrant civil society that has spearheaded several reforms related to accountability (the Right to Information Act), welfare (the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act), privacy rights, gender equality and rights of sexual minorities, environmental activism among others. Non-governmental organizations will continue to have a role to play in this.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\">9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n<p>Click on &#8220;Factly articles for 2nd October <a id=\"link1\"><\/a>2020&#8243;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/factly.forumias.com\/factly-articles-for-2nd-october-2020\/<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader. Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today 9 PM for Mains examination GS-1 The legacy of Gandhi The Prime Minister India almost forgot GS-2 India- China Amnesty halting India operations 9 PM for Preliminary examination FACTLy &nbsp; The legacy of Gandhi Source: The Hindu Syllabus: GS-1- History Context:&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-brief-october-2nd-2020-2\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Brief \u2013 October 2nd, 2020<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":61408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/9-pm-brief-1.gif?fit=2296%2C450&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1699858144},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65890","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65890"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65890\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}