{"id":68904,"date":"2020-11-07T19:00:27","date_gmt":"2020-11-07T13:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=68904"},"modified":"2021-01-28T12:25:19","modified_gmt":"2021-01-28T06:55:19","slug":"indo-pacific-and-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/indo-pacific-and-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Indo-Pacific and India | 7th Nov. 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Although, the term Indo-Pacific has been used previously as well, \u201cIndo-Pacific\u201d is a fairly recent addition to the geopolitical lexicon.\u00a0For almost a century, the term Asia-Pacific region was used for constructing policies and strategies of the west. This has changed in the second decade of the 21st century.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">India\u2019s concept of the Indo-Pacific region stretches from the western coast of North America to the eastern shores of Africa.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Evolution of Indo-Pacific Concept<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">With the rise of China and its efforts to dominate the region, the term has found its way into official documents such as national security strategies or defense white papers as well as into the rhetoric of the elite countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In 2007 the term found mention in the speech of <strong><em>Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe<\/em><\/strong> in Delhi, where he called the Indian and Pacific Oceans as one common space.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In 2011, the term found mention in the speech <strong><em>Hillary Clinton, the then US Secretary of State<\/em><\/strong>, in the context of US \u2018Pivot to Asia\u2019, but not found mention in official documents.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In 2016, <strong><em>Japanese PM Shinzo Abe, declared his Free and Open Indo-Pacific strategy<\/em><\/strong>, to be the core of Japan\u2019s foreign policy doctrine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In November 2017, <strong><em>US President\u00a0presented his \u201cvision\u201d of a Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP)<\/em><\/strong> at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) sum\u00admit. Since then the term \u201cFOIP\u201d has been enshrined in official documents of the US.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In 2018, French President Emanuel Macron speaks about France&#8217;s strategy for the Indo-Pacific.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>In June 2018,<\/strong> India\u2019s PM Modi presented <strong><em>India\u2019s concept of the Indo-Pacific region<\/em><\/strong> at Shangri-La dialogue.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Although the geographical definition of the Indo-Pacific region is a bit different for these countries, all countries are on common ground with reference to the importance of a rules-based international order.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>India\u2019s concept of Indo-Pacific <\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The term \u201cIndo-Pacific\u201d is gradually replacing the previously common term, \u201cAsia-Pacific\u201d, which excluded India from its geographical extent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The concept of Indo-Pacific for India was cleared by India\u2019s PM Modi during the speech in 2018, in Shangri La Dialogue, Singapore.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>India\u2019s concept of Indo-Pacific includes: <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>&#8220;inclusiveness\u201d, &#8220;openness\u201d, &#8220;ASEAN centrality\u201d\u00a0that is not directed against any country:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Openness:<\/strong> A free, open, and inclusive order in the Indo-Pacific, based upon respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations, peaceful resolution of disputes through dialogue and adherence to international rules and laws.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Inclusiveness:<\/strong> India\u2019s concept of the Indo-Pacific is inclusive in nature, and supports an approach that respects the right to freedom of navigation and overflight for all in the international seas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>ASEAN-Centrality<\/strong>: India\u2019s Indo-Pacific vision is premised upon the principle of \u2018ASEAN-Centrality\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">India\u2019s approach is based on cooperation and collaboration, given the need for shared responses to shared challenges in the region.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Divergence in the conceptualisation of Indo-pacific region and India-US concepts<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Indo-Pacific construct means different things to different people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The divergences involve, among other things,<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">the extension of the Indo-Pacific as a\u00a0geographical area,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">the objectives associated with each respective concept,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">the focus on or weighting of different policy fields within each respective con\u00adcept,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">the question of China\u2019s inclusion or exclusion<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>US concept of Indo-Pacific aims to contain China<\/em><\/strong> and is thus an expression of the growing strategic rivalry between Washington and Beijing.\u00a0Whereas for India<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For India,\u00a0Indo-Pacific is the vast maritime space stretching from the western coast of North America to the eastern shores of Africa as highlighted by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at his keynote speech at the Shangri-La Dialogue in 2018. Whereas for US, it extends up to the west coast of India which is also the geographic boundary of the US Indo-Pacific command whereas<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">While the US does not consider China a part of its Indo-Pacific construct, India has gone to great length to highlight it as an inclusive construct for the whole region.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Importance of Indo-Pacific region<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Growing Importance of India:<\/strong> The popularity of the term Indo-Pacific over Asia-Pacific reflects the growing importance of India for the western developed countries in the region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Maritime advantage against China:<\/strong> It can be considered a reaction to the militarization of waters in the Indo-Pacific, the South China Sea (SCS) in particular, and the growing heft of the Chinese economy across Asia and Africa.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For India, growing maritime power in the Indo-Pacific region will provide it with a new weapon against China\u2019s misadventures on India\u2019s borders.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>International Trade<\/strong>: The Indo-Pacific ocean system carries an estimated 65 per cent of world trade and contributes 60 percent of global GDP. Ninety per cent of India\u2019s international trade travels on its waters.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The two-third container trade of the world passes through this region. The economies of many countries are dependent upon the Indo-Pacific sea routes for their trade and energy supply.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Many western countries including US are concerned due to shifting in the economic trajectory from the Atlantic to the Indo-Pacific and the rise of China has added to it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">That is why a country like Germany, physically distant but an economic stakeholder in the Indo-Pacific, has released a strategy for the region. After France and the Netherlands, it is the third European country to do so.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Natural Resources:<\/strong> Maritime territories have emerged as depositories of vital resources ranging from fish stocks to minerals and offshore oil and gas. The South China Sea, for instance, is estimated to hold some 10% of the global fish resources as well as 11 billion barrels of oil and 190 trillion cubic feet of gas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Steps taken by India<\/strong> <strong>to promote Indo-Pacific vision<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Indo-Pacific Division:<\/strong> Ministry has recently set up an Indo-Pacific Division as well as an Oceania Division, and placed them under the same Additional Secretary level officer, which is a sign of India\u2019s commitment to this critical geography.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>SAGAR:<\/strong> India\u2019s policy on maritime cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) is based on the approach of SAGAR (Security And Growth for All in the Region). Under this doctrine, India believes in an Indo-Pacific that is free, open, and inclusive, and one that is founded upon a cooperative and collaborative rules-based order.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue (IPRD):<\/strong> IPRDs are being held for engaging the global strategic community in an annual review of India\u2019s opportunities and challenges in the Indo-Pacific region.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Indo-Pacific Oceans\u2019 Initiative (IPOI<\/strong>): Initiative was launched at the East Asia Summit held in Bangkok in 2019. IPOI draws on existing regional cooperation architecture and mechanisms to focus on seven central pillars conceived around<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Maritime Security;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Maritime Ecology;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Maritime Resources;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Capacity Building and Resource Sharing;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Disaster Risk Reduction and Management;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Science, Technology and Academic Cooperation; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Trade Connectivity and Maritime Transport.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The context of ASEAN centrality as envisaged in IPOI perfectly synergizes with India\u2019s Act East Policy, East Asia Summit, and Quad configuration.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Maritime exercises:\u00a0<\/strong>India has taken part in many military exercises Like Malabar naval exercises in the region. In the Malabar exercise, India, Australia, Japan, and the US naval forces participated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Participation at international platforms:\u00a0<\/strong>India has been an active participant in mechanisms like the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), the East Asia Summit, and ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting Plus. All\u00a0these\u00a0engagements\u00a0portray\u00a0India\u2019s\u00a0increasing\u00a0involvement\u00a0in\u00a0the Indo-Pacific.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Challenges for India<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Definition of the concept:<\/strong> While the Indo-Pacific construct is the US-led maritime initiative and is yet to find the right direction amongst its partners, government change in the US, might prove fatal to this initiative.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">US concept of the Indo-Pacific region is not at all-inclusive, unlike India. US concept is based on its regional rivalry with China, whereas India won\u2019t like to present this concept as a mere China-centric, as clarified in its Indo-Pacific vision.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">It has actually been taken to heart by China which, in the meantime, has extended its naval footprint from Djibouti at the western extremity of the Indian Ocean where it has established a base to the eastern extreme of the western Pacific where it stakes a claim to the land and sea features.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>India\u2019s weak economic presence:<\/strong> For a politico-economic construct such as the Indo-Pacific to survive, there must be strong economic partnerships and linkages among its members. Merely focusing on strategic talk and possible military cooperation will not work because, at some point, the unavoidable economic logic will kick in.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">India\u2019s economic engagements with the countries of the Indo-Pacific region remained insufficient due to domestic political considerations. Exiting from RCEP is one such example. On the other side, China has major economic relations with all the states except the US.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">India\u2019s role in the Indo-Pacific will remain limited if it does not prove to be a major economic partner to the States in the region. \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>China\u2019s defense partnership:<\/strong> China has become a major defence supplier to several of the region\u2019s states including Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Conclusion <\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">India should not let the Indo-Pacific concept turn into a US-led concept directed against China, it has more long-term potential to become a strong regional economic alliance that will promote prosperity and peace in the region. Thus, rather than focusing on China\u2019s containment, the focus of the Indo Pacific initiative should be on connectivity, enhancing maritime security, counterterrorism, non-proliferation, and cyber issues.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>Read more<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-examine-the-strategic-significance-of-indo-pacific-region-for-india-also-discuss-how-india-should-tackle-chinese-dominance-in-indo-pacific-region\/\">https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-examine-the-strategic-significance-of-indo-pacific-region-for-india-also-discuss-how-india-should-tackle-chinese-dominance-in-indo-pacific-region\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-discuss-indias-concept-of-indo-pacific-why-indo-pacific-region-has-a-strategic-significance-for-india\/\">https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-discuss-indias-concept-of-indo-pacific-why-indo-pacific-region-has-a-strategic-significance-for-india\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Although, the term Indo-Pacific has been used previously as well, \u201cIndo-Pacific\u201d is a fairly recent addition to the geopolitical lexicon.\u00a0For almost a century, the term Asia-Pacific region was used for constructing policies and strategies of the west. This has changed in the second decade of the 21st century. India\u2019s concept of the Indo-Pacific region stretches&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/indo-pacific-and-india\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Indo-Pacific and India | 7th Nov. 2020<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":68928,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[1576,1333],"class_list":["post-68904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7-pm","tag-articles_for_interview","tag-ir_0","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Indo-Pacific_biogeographic_region_map-en.png?fit=1950%2C1200&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":1700779812,"cached_date":1704850416},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68904"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68904\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}