{"id":69216,"date":"2020-11-10T18:12:31","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T12:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=69216"},"modified":"2021-02-08T15:30:43","modified_gmt":"2021-02-08T10:00:43","slug":"biodiversity-act-2002","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/biodiversity-act-2002\/","title":{"rendered":"BIODIVERSITY ACT, 2002"},"content":{"rendered":"

By following the ideals of, India enacted the Biological Diversity Act in 2002, and notified Biological Diversity Rules in 2004, to give effect to the provisions of this Convention.<\/p>\n

Three-tiered institutional structure- at the national, state, and local levels.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

National Biodiversity Authority<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Head Office <\/strong><\/td>\nThe National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) has been set up in October, 2003 in Chennai.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Structure <\/strong><\/td>\nThe NBA consists of a Chairperson, five non-official and ten ex-officio members to be appointed by the Central Government to represent various Ministries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vision of NBA<\/strong><\/td>\nConservation and sustainable use of India\u2019s rich biodiversity and associated knowledge with people\u2019s participation, ensuring the process of benefit sharing for well-being of present and future generations.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mission of NBA<\/strong><\/td>\nTo ensure effective implementation of Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and the Biological Diversity Rules 2004 for conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Powers and Functions of NBA<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n

\n
    \n
  1. It shall be the duty of the National Biodiversity Authority to regulate activities and by regulations issue guidelines for access to biological resources and for fair and equitable benefit sharing.<\/li>\n
  2. The National Biodiversity Authority may grant approval for undertaking any activity.<\/li>\n
  3. The National Biodiversity Authority may advise the Central Government on matters relating to the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of biological resources.<\/li>\n
  4. \u00a0The National Biodiversity Authority may advise the State Governments in the selection of areas of biodiversity importance to be notified as heritage sites and measures for the management of such heritage sites.<\/li>\n
  5. The National Biodiversity Authority may perform such other functions as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act.<\/li>\n
  6. \u00a0The National Biodiversity Authority may, on behalf of the Central Government, take any measures necessary to oppose the grant of intellectual property rights in any country outside India on any biological resource obtained from India or knowledge associated with such biological resource which is derived from India.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
National Biodiversity Fund<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n

\n
    \n
  1. Any grants and loans made to the National Biodiversity Authority.<\/li>\n
  2. All charges and royalties received by the National Biodiversity Authority.<\/li>\n
  3. All sums received by the National Biodiversity Authority from such other sources as may be decided upon by the Central Government.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
    \u00a0<\/strong>State Biodiversity Boards<\/strong><\/h5>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
     <\/td>\nThe State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) constituted by the State Governments deal with all matters relating to access by Indians for commercial purposes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Function<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n

    		\n
      \n
    1. The State Biodiversity Boards (SBB\u2019S) have the function of advising the State Government on matters of biodiversity and its equitable distribution<\/li>\n
    2. To the guidelines of the Central Government but more importantly to regulate granting of approvals or requests for commercial utilization of biological resources.<\/li>\n
    3. The State Boards require a prior intimation for obtaining biological resources only from Indian citizens or corporate associations or organizations registered in India.<\/li>\n
    4. \u00a0This power of the State Biodiversity Boards which is applicable only on Indian citizens or organizations can be easily exploited by vested interests of commercial giants which have substantial overseas shareholders.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    State Biodiversity Board<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n

    		The Biodiversity Act provides for payment of a prescribed fee to the Biodiversity Management Committees established at the Municipal or Panchayat level under \u201cAccess and Benefit Sharing \u201cby companies who are using biological resources or use traditionally available knowledge which is often a bone of contention between companies and these Boards as they possess the power to grant them access to bio-resources of the State.<\/p>\n

    Since the grant of approval by the State Boards is only restricted to Indian companies and organizations the tactic of employing commission agents to get this approval is widely used for commercial exploitation as approval from the National Biodiversity Authority implies a cumbersome process requiring strict adherence to established regulations.<\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    State Biodiversity Fund<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n

    		Constitution of State Biodiversity Fund:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \n
    1. There shall be constituted a Fund to be called the State Biodiversity Fund and there shall be credited to-<\/li>\n
    2. Any grants or loans made by the National Biodiversity Authority;<\/li>\n
    3. All sums received by the State Biodiversity Board from such other sources as may be decided upon by the State Government.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
      \u00a0<\/strong>Biodiversity Management Committee<\/strong><\/h5>\n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nThe local bodies are required to set up Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) in their respective areas for conservation, sustainable use, documentation of biodiversity and chronicling of knowledge related to biodiversity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Structure<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n

      		The BMC will be constituted by :<\/p>\n
        \n
      • PRIs\/ULBs<\/li>\n
      • members of the Participatory forest\/natural resources management committees\u2019 members,<\/li>\n
      • members of horticulture\/foot botanists\/tribal heads, etc., based on the local conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Functions of BMCs <\/strong><\/td>\n1.\u00a0\u00a0 Conservation and sustainable utilization of biological resources.<\/p>\n

      2.\u00a0\u00a0 Eco\u2010restoration of the local biodiversity.<\/p>\n

      3.\u00a0\u00a0 Proper feedback to the SBB in the matter of IPR, Traditional Knowledge and local Biodiversity issues, wherever feasible and essential feedback to be provided to the NBA.<\/p>\n

      4.\u00a0\u00a0 Management of Heritage Sites including Heritage Trees, Animals\/ Microorganisms etc., and Sacred Groves and Sacred Water bodies.<\/p>\n

      5.\u00a0\u00a0 Regulation of access to the biological resources and\/ or associated Traditional Knowledge, for commercial and research purposes.<\/p>\n

      6.\u00a0\u00a0 Sharing of usufructs arising out of commercial use of bio\u2010resources.<\/p>\n

      7.\u00a0\u00a0 Conservation of traditional varieties\/breeds of economically important plants\/animals.<\/p>\n

      8.\u00a0\u00a0 Biodiversity Education and Awareness building.<\/p>\n

      9.\u00a0\u00a0 Documentation, enable procedure to develop bio\u2010cultural protocols.<\/p>\n

      10.Sustainable Use and Benefit Sharing.<\/p>\n

      11.Protection of Traditional Knowledge.<\/p>\n

       <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      People<\/strong>\u2019<\/strong>s Biodiversity Register (PBR)<\/strong><\/td>\nThis\u00a0shall contain comprehensive information on availability and knowledge of local biological resources, their medicinal or any other use or any other traditional knowledge associated with them.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      By following the ideals of, India enacted the Biological Diversity Act in 2002, and notified Biological Diversity Rules in 2004, to give effect to the provisions of this Convention. Three-tiered institutional structure- at the national, state, and local levels. National Biodiversity Authority Head Office The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) has been set up in October,… Continue reading BIODIVERSITY ACT, 2002<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10308,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1701156384},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10308"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69216"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69216\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}