{"id":71529,"date":"2020-12-03T16:32:26","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T11:02:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=71529"},"modified":"2021-05-10T15:23:00","modified_gmt":"2021-05-10T09:53:00","slug":"amr-and-health-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/amr-and-health-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"AMR and health crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Context:<\/strong>\u00a0 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a silent pandemic, is growing at an alarming rate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why is AMR growing at an alarming rate?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>AMR:<\/strong> \u00a0Globally, about 35% of common human infections have become resistant to available medicines.<\/li>\n<li>About 700,000 people die every year because available antimicrobial drugs (antibiotics, antivirals, anti-parasitic and antifungals) have become less effective at combating pathogens.<\/li>\n<li>Resistance to second- and third-line antibiotics the last lines of defence against some common diseases are projected to almost double between 2005 and 2030.<\/li>\n<li>According to a study published in The Lancet, an estimated 58,000 new-born children die annually from sepsis in India alone because antibiotics can no longer treat certain bacterial infections.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reasons for AMR:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Microorganisms develop resistance to antimicrobial agents as a natural defence mechanism. Human activity has significantly accelerated the process.<\/li>\n<li>The misuse and overuse of antimicrobials for humans, livestock and agriculture is probably the biggest reason for this.<\/li>\n<li>Research points to the role of environment and pollution in AMR.\n<ul>\n<li>Once consumed, up to 80% of antibiotic drugs are excreted un-metabolised, along with resistant bacteria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Release of effluents from households and health and pharmaceutical facilities, and agricultural run-off, is propagating resistant microorganisms. Wastewater treatment facilities are unable to remove all antibiotics and resistant bacteria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What are the problems faced?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Issues faced:<\/strong> In India, there is capacity to treat only about 37% of the sewage generated annually. The rest is discharged into natural water bodies without treatment.<\/li>\n<li>An analysis of single wastewater discharge from a treatment facility in India catering to drug manufacturers found concentrations of antibiotics high enough to treat over 40,000 people daily.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mode of spread<\/strong>: Water may be a major mode for the spread of AMR, especially in places with inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene.<\/li>\n<li>Wildlife that comes into contact with discharge containing antimicrobials can also become colonised with drug-resistant organisms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What are the key initiatives to tackle AMR?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>UNEP:<\/strong> The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) identified antimicrobial resistance as one of six emerging issues of environmental concern in its 2017 Frontiers Report.<\/li>\n<li>The UN Environment Assembly pressed the need to further understand the role of environmental pollution in spreading AMR.<\/li>\n<li><strong>GAP:<\/strong> UN agencies are working together to develop the One Health AMR Global Action Plan (GAP) that addresses the issue in human, animal, and plant health and food and environment sectors.<\/li>\n<li><strong>MoEF&amp;CC:<\/strong> The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&amp;CC) issued draft standards which set limits for residues of 121 antibiotics in treated effluents from drug production units.<\/li>\n<li>The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and MoEF&amp;CC constituted the inter-ministerial Steering Committee on Environment and Health, with representation from WHO and UNEP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Way forward<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Centre and State governments in India can strengthen the environmental dimensions of their plans to tackle antimicrobial resistance.<\/li>\n<li>It is particularly important to promote measures that address known hotspots such as hospitals and manufacturing and waste treatment facilities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Context:\u00a0 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a silent pandemic, is growing at an alarming rate. Why is AMR growing at an alarming rate? AMR: \u00a0Globally, about 35% of common human infections have become resistant to available medicines. About 700,000 people die every year because available antimicrobial drugs (antibiotics, antivirals, anti-parasitic and antifungals) have become less effective at&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/amr-and-health-crisis\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">AMR and health crisis<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":71620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,1351,1310],"tags":[1315,1289],"class_list":["post-71529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-daily-news","category-daily-news-updates","tag-st_1","tag-soc_0","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/AMR-and-health-crisis.jpg?fit=1280%2C720&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704945614},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71529"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71529\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}