{"id":72136,"date":"2020-12-08T19:07:34","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T13:37:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=72136"},"modified":"2021-03-26T18:55:30","modified_gmt":"2021-03-26T13:25:30","slug":"progress-on-paris-climate-change-agreement-in-india-and-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/progress-on-paris-climate-change-agreement-in-india-and-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Progress on Paris Climate Change Agreement: In India and world"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>About Paris Agreement (COP 21)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">As the Kyoto Protocol ultimately failed to induce significant emission reductions on a global scale, the Paris Agreement was adopted at the COP21 held in Paris.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">It aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change and specifies long-term goals regarding global average temperatures, adaptation to climate change, and finance flows<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Key differences between the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">[table id=91 \/]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Key aspects of the Paris agreement<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39301\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/the-paris.jpg?resize=604%2C617&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/the-paris.jpg?w=604&amp;ssl=1 604w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/the-paris.jpg?resize=147%2C150&amp;ssl=1 147w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/the-paris.jpg?resize=294%2C300&amp;ssl=1 294w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>Goals:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><em>Temperature<\/em><\/strong><em>: <\/em>hold warming below 2\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels with effective efforts to limit warming to 1.5\u00b0C<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><em>Adaptation<\/em><\/strong><em>: <\/em>Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><em>Low Emission Finance flows: <\/em><\/strong>Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39302\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/paris.jpg?resize=580%2C427&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/paris.jpg?w=580&amp;ssl=1 580w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/paris.jpg?resize=150%2C110&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/paris.jpg?resize=300%2C221&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>Approach: <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><em>Intended Nationally Determined Targets:<\/em> <\/strong>Unlike, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement gives flexibility to both developed and developing countries to determine their own targets. The INDCs set out each country\u2019s plan for addressing climate change, including a target for reducing GHG emissions, and how the countries intend to achieve that target.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>Development after the Paris agreement<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><em>COP22:<\/em><\/strong> The COP22 was held in Marrakech, Morocco in 2016 to discuss and implement plans about combatting climate change in the lines of the Paris Agreement<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><em>COP23<\/em><\/strong>: COP 23 was held in Bonn, Germany in 2017. A major outcome of the COP was the <strong>Talanoa Dialogue.<\/strong> It is an inclusive and participatory process that allows countries, and non-Party stakeholders, to share experiences and showcase best practices in order to urgently raise ambition in nationally determined contributions (NDCs).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong><em>COP 24:<\/em><\/strong> COP 24 was held in Katowice, Poland in 2018. The biggest achievement was the adoption of the Paris Rulebook which establishes the rules and processes needed to provide the operational guidance for fulfilling the ambition of the Paris Agreement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>What are the positive developments in the Paris Agreement? \u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>India\u2019s performance in CCPI: <\/strong>In a recently released Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), India ranked high along with the European Union and the United Kingdom and remained in the top 10 for the second time in a row.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">India has received a High ranking on all CCPI indicators except \u2018renewable energy\u2019<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>US re-joining Paris deal:<\/strong> As per the reports, US president-elect Joe Biden has announced that he will issue an executive order to re-join the Paris Agreement on his first day in office on 20 January 2021. With this signature, all 197 signatories to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change will have ratified the historic deal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">In June 2017, President Donald Trump announced U.S. exit from the Paris Climate Deal, but the withdrawal only took effect in November 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>China\u2019s Commitments:<\/strong> China has announced significant climate change announcements at the virtual UN General Assembly in New York.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">China would become carbon net-zero by the year 2060.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">China has made a small but important change in China\u2019s already committed target for letting its emissions \u201cpeak\u201d, from \u201cby 2030\u201d to \u201cbefore 2030\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">It is significant as China is the biggest emitter in the world with accounting for around 30 percent of global GHG, followed by the US, EU, and India.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"601\"><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>China\u2019s <\/strong><strong>coercive environmentalism<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>Chinese Model:<\/strong> Chinese model of coercive environmentalism is finding an echo among some Western environmentalists.\u00a0They believe planetary survival must be the foremost objective of the moment and all other considerations must be subordinated to it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>Issues with the model:<\/strong> Whatever the merits of authoritarian environmentalism, it has little political chance of being replicated in democracies. Plural societies are focused on improving the nature of liberal environmentalism that relies on political consensus in drafting new environmental norms and their effective enforcement as well as the reliance on market-based mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>Success Stories:<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">In total, eight international jurisdictions have made good progress since 2015, including Ethiopia, Morocco, India, European Union, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, and Argentina.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">An increasing number of countries are adopting net zero emissions targets. Some, like the UK, have dumped coal, and are well on the way to achieving those targets.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Challenges in achieving Paris agreement targets <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">Climate Action Tracker is an independent scientific analysis produced by two research organizations tracking climate action since 2009. It monitors 32 countries, accounting for more than 80 percent of global emissions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">Countries like the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Indonesia have either made no progress since 2015 or having highly insufficient targets.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">Today, Australia\u2019s emissions are at a seven-year high, and continue to rise with the setting up of new coal and gas projects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">In 2018, Brazil recorded the world\u2019s highest loss of tropical primary rainforest of any country \u2014 1.3 million hectares \u2014 largely in the Amazon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>India\u2019s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">To reduce the emissions intensity of GDP by 33%\u201335% by 2030 below 2005 levels;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">To increase the share of non-fossil-based energy resources to 40% of installed electric power capacity by 2030, with help of transfer of technology and low-cost international finance including from Green Climate Fund (GCF).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">Increase renewable energy generation to 175 GW by 2022;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">To create an additional (cumulative) carbon sink of 2.5\u20133 GtCO<sub>2<\/sub>e through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>India\u2019s progress against objectives <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">India\u2019s per capita emission from fossil fuels (in 2017) is by far the lowest among major economies, i.e.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">The US: 15.74 MT<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">China: 7.72 MT in China<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">The EU: 6.97 MT<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">India: 1.83 MT carbon dioxide (CO2)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><em>Climate Action Tracker<\/em>\u00a0website has rated its climate efforts as \u201c2-degree compatible\u201d, making India the only major economy to achieve such high rating.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">As per the report released by a coalition of 14 global think tanks including TERI, India is the only country among G-20 nations that is on track to meet its climate change mitigation commitments of 2 degrees Celsius under the 2015 Paris Agreement:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">The target of achieving 40% of power from renewable sources by 2030 is likely to be achieved several years in advance. Non-fossil sources accounted for about 37 percent of India\u2019s power capacity, as of September 2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">India is actively reducing the component of coal-based thermal power in its energy mix.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">India\u2019s forest and tree cover has increased by only 5,188 km2 , yielding a 42.6 million tonne carbon sink increase.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>India\u2019s intiatives against Climate Change <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC):<\/strong> This action plan aims to provide a low carbon development path for India. The plan has eight missions, focusing on solar, energy efficiency, sustainable habitat, water, ecosystems, forest cover, sustainable agriculture, and climate research.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>ISA:<\/strong> Indian entered into International Solar Alliance with France, in 2015 at UNFCCC CoP 21 Paris, France with an aim of collaboration on the development of solar energy resources among solar resource-rich countries to address their special energy needs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">India\u2019s\u00a0<strong>draft National Forest Policy<\/strong> calls for a minimum of one-third of India\u2019s total geographical area to be under forest or tree cover and supports the NDC target of creating an additional (cumulative) carbon sink of 2.5\u20133 GtCO<sub>2<\/sub>e by 2030.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">While India still relies on coal, its renewables industry is making huge leaps forward, with investments in renewable energy topping fossil fuel investments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>National Solar Mission<\/strong> aims to install 100 GW of solar energy by 2022, which is part of India\u2019s long-term goal to install 450 GW of renewable energy by 2030.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>BS VI emission norms:<\/strong> India adopted BS VI vehicular and fuel emission standards as a part of its Auto Fuel Policy. Effective April 2020, India now has ultra-low sulfur fuel (10 ppm) in use across the country. The BS VI emission norms for 2-wheelers are also among the most stringent in the world<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>FAME-II Scheme:<\/strong> Scheme provides Rs. `10,000 crore ($1.4 billion) for demand incentives, charging infrastructure subsidies, and battery storage manufacturing Spanning over three years from 2019 to 2022. India has a target of 30% share of electric vehicles (EV) in new sales for 2030.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020<\/strong> aims to subsidize the cost and facilitate the sale of 6 to 7 million hybrid and electric vehicles over five years. To strengthen battery storage, <strong>the National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Battery Storage<\/strong> is designed to support the battery and EV component manufacturing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\"><strong>National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE)<\/strong> aims to improve efficiency in industry and implement demand-side management programs. The main program<strong>, the Perform Achieve Trade (PAT)<\/strong> scheme, establishes an energy trading program for high emitting industries \u2013 cement, aluminum, steel, iron, textiles, and paper and pulp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">Renewable energy is the key to unlocking rapid decarbonization. It already supplies more than 26 percent of global electricity generation and its costs are dropping rapidly. To accelerate this fundamental transition, more governments need to adapt and improve policies that enable renewable technologies to be rolled out faster.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif;\">Aggregation of the NDCs of countries do not add up to keep temperatures within the 2 degrees C limit. Much more action on GHG reduction, the introduction of green technologies, and adaptation are needed.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About Paris Agreement (COP 21) As the Kyoto Protocol ultimately failed to induce significant emission reductions on a global scale, the Paris Agreement was adopted at the COP21 held in Paris. It aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change and specifies long-term goals regarding global average temperatures, adaptation to climate&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/progress-on-paris-climate-change-agreement-in-india-and-world\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Progress on Paris Climate Change Agreement: In India and world<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2596,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[1576,1304,8002],"class_list":["post-72136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7-pm","tag-articles_for_interview","tag-env_4","tag-environment_issues","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/climate-change.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":11,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1698471122},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72136"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72136\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2596"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}