{"id":74111,"date":"2020-12-23T19:00:11","date_gmt":"2020-12-23T13:30:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=74111"},"modified":"2021-07-19T11:44:08","modified_gmt":"2021-07-19T06:14:08","slug":"india-nepal-relations-present-challenges-and-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/india-nepal-relations-present-challenges-and-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"India \u2013 Nepal relations- Present challenges and solutions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">I<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ndia<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 N<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">epal<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">relations<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; Present challenges and solutions<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sources: Pax Indica,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2015\/11\/the-india-nepal-crisis\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Diplomat<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VhBH3xubAJc\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">RSTV Big Picture<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b><i>This article on India Nepal relations \u2013 present challenges and\u00a0<\/i><\/b><b><i>solutions,<\/i><\/b><b><i>\u00a0has been developed based on\u00a0<\/i><\/b><b><i>The<\/i><\/b><b><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/b><b><i>Hindu editorial\u00a0<\/i><\/b><b><i>\u201c<\/i><\/b><b><i>Nepal in turmoil<\/i><\/b><b><i>\u201d.<\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India and Nepal share a unique relationship, both of them share friendship and cooperation underpinned by linguistic, cultural and civilizational links, along with a wide range of commercial and economic ties, and above they are linked with extensive people-to-people contacts.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Historical relationship between India \u2013 Nepal:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Firstly, the bedrock of the\u00a0India-Nepal\u00a0relationship was the<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0India-Nepal\u00a0treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1950<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Under this treaty, Nepal became the only country whose nationals required no passports to cross into India.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Few important information\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of\u00a0India-Nepal\u00a0treaty of Peace and Friendship<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a01950<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India-Nepal\u00a0Treaty was signed after\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nepal feared\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the Chinese\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">threat as\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chinese\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">occup<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ied<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Tibet<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The treaty has an explicit reference to threats from third countries,\u00a0which\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">both countries\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">would\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">tackle by\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">cooperat<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ion<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The treaty extended rights to residence,\u00a0employment and purchase of property to each other&#8217;s citizens\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">reciprocally\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; in other words, it extended\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8216;national<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">treatment&#8217; by each country to the other&#8217;s citizens<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Secondly,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Buddha\u2019s birthplace is\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ne<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">pal\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and also\u00a0Nepal is the only other Hindu majority country in the world<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. So cultural and religious visits between\u00a0India-Nepal\u00a0is so strong.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Thirdly,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ministry of External Affairs\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">termed\u00a0India<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">-Nepal\u00a0relations as\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">R<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">oti-<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Beti<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ka Rishta (Relationship of food and marriage)\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">as\u00a0the open border enabled kinship, familial ties\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0terai region<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There are\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">six million to eight million Nepalis who live and work in India<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, according to Indian\u00a0home ministry estimates.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fourthly,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">he\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1996 trade treaty\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">resulted in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the phenomenal\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">growth of bilateral trade,\u00a0which witnessed a sevenfold increase in a decade (Nepal\u2019s exports to India increased eleven\u00a0times and Indian exports to Nepal increased six times).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fifthly,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2009 revised trade treaty<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0has retained the positive features of the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1996\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">treaty and further enhance<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0bilateral trade between\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India-Nepal<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sixthly,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Defence and Humanitarian relations were\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">provided greatly\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by India,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">as Nepal is landlocked and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">geographically\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">prone to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">disasters<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0being situated in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Himalayan region.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Read also:-<a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Current Affairs 2020-2021<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h5 aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the challenges in India-Nepal relations?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India-Nepal\u00a0relations often swung between two extremes much quick<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">l<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">y<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. There are\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">few underlying reasons for it.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Firstly,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the Constitutional question on\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Madhesi&#8217;s<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In general,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Madhesi&#8217;s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0section of People\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">lives throughout<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the southern part of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Terai region and ha<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0much closer ties\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0India<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The challenges in this regard are,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">political rights of Madhesi&#8217;s section of people were diluted in their new Constitution promulgated in 2015 which led to wider protests and blockade in Nepal led to the blocking of oil and other essential supplies<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nepal government accused India\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0supporting Madhesi\u2019s\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and stated India\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">is interfering in the internal matters\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of Nepal<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0Nepal raised the issue in<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201ctrade blockade\u201d at the UN in October 2015<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">But Madesi\u2019s protes<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0was a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">spontaneous movement\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">an<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0it ha<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0nothing to do with\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One of the foremost\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">scholars<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Professor S.D. Muni points out\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">major<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">challenges\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with the Nepal<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0government<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">as<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India\u2019s fears that a Constitution drafted under assertive\u00a0Maoist leadership may not be compatible with the democratic profile of Nepal.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India\u2019s\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">also\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">fears that the Maoists were inclined to and capable\u00a0of changing Nepal\u2019s domestic power equations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">T<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">he recent decision of Nepal Prime Minister\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">dissolving the lower house has<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">created\u00a0<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">a new political crisis altogether.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Secondly, China\u2019s closeness with\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nepal\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and the Influence of China in\u00a0India-Nepal\u00a0relations is a ca<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">use of concern.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nepal\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">is\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a landlocked state\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">has relied much on India for major supplies<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, transit and transport.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ind<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ia-<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nepal\u00a0Blockade changed the perception completely.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Nepal earthquake in 2015 was the perfect time for China to make massive investments in infrastructure<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">like\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tibet Railway<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, many highway projects,<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0access to Chinese ports etc.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0B<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">y the end of 2016<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0China\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">became the major assistance provider\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of Nepal<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hydel co-operation<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, Fuel<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and Humanitarian assistance\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">from China has increased many\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">folds<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. For\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">example,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">China pledged to provide\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1.4 million liters of fuel and<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> planned to construct<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">750 MW\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">W<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">est<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">S<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">eti<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">am project.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nepal also supports China\u2019s Belt and Road Initiative and the China-Nepal relations so far is stable to some extent.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Thirdly, the boundary dispute between\u00a0India-Nepal:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">About 1850 km boundary line between\u00a0India-Nepal\u00a0faces two major boundary disputes.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Kalapani<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0dispute:\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Kalapani<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0is the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">disputed territory in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Uttarakhand state of India. The\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">British government has set\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ori<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">gin of River Kali<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0as the western border of Nepal<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0But the origin of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">river Kali is disputed between\u00a0India-Nepal. While India uses the newer\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">British survey,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nepal\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">wants the area to be demarcated\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">based\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">on<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0older British survey.<\/span><br \/>\n<b><span data-contrast=\"none\">New map of Nepal was notified<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0in June 2020\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">with\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Kalapani<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0in Nepal (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/international\/nepal-parliaments-lower-house-unanimously-passes-bill-to-redraw-political-map\/article31821242.ece\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Susta Dispute: Susta is another disputed territory located in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Terai regions of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">India. (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2020\/01\/india-and-nepals-slow-motion-border-dispute\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fourthly<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the challenges relating to\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">open border.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The border is notoriously porous. Being provided special status to Nepal, India\u2019s internal security faced many challenges such as<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pakistani militants using Nepalese territory<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0as a hideout and\u00a0base for infiltration into India.\u00a0The Ministry of Home Affairs in its Annual\u00a0Report 1999\u20132000 highlighted this Pakistani involvement in Nepal and its security implications in India.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Nepalese Maoists have extended support and cooperation to the Indian Maoists and\u00a0carving out a<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Compact Revolutionary Zone<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, a \u2018Revolutionary\u00a0Corridor\u2019 spreading from Nepal through Bihar and up\u00a0to Andhra Pradesh.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Apart from these the open borders ha<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ve<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0also created challenges such as<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0pumping fake Indian\u00a0currency notes, human<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">trafficking<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0especially young girls\u00a0and women,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">cattle<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0smuggling<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, etc.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Thus,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0India\u2019s external and internal challenges converge, and make ties\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with Nepal<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of extreme importanc<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">e and swung between extremes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 aria-level=\"1\">What are the solutions to improve India-Nepal relations?<\/h5>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Firstly, focus based approach<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0is necessary not only in\u00a0India-Nepal\u00a0relations<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">but also for other countries in the region\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by giving more focus towards\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Neighbourhood first policy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India should\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">leverage the strategic influence<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, faster and effective implementation of infrastructure and development projects\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in Nepal.<\/span><br \/>\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">For Ex.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Finalising\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the projects such as\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pancheshwar<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0multipurpose project<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">faster completion of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">cross-border rail projects such as Jayanagar-<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bijalpur<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bardibas<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Jogbani<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">-Biratnagar.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"12\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In 2018 Indian PM asked to shift focus on 5T\u2019s (Tradition, Trade, Tourism, Technology and Transport)\u00a0to boost the relations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Secondly, India\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">can focus on \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">aid diplomacy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to reduce<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0trust deficit<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0also\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">has to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">continue with post-earthquake reconstruction assistance. L<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ater deepening co-operation in areas like trade, water resources,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0energy co-operation<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, etc.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Thirdly,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">regarding China\u2019s influence,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Experts believe that\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nepal\u2019s nearest ports will always be in India and the Gangetic plain will remain its\u00a0largest market.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0is because,\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"13\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The economic feasibility of Chinese<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0trans-Himalayan trade\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and the infrastructure projects are<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0low, especially\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">when\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Himalayan<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0state Bhutan<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0supports India and Nepal is the only other Himalayan state.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"14\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Though China\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">provides<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0access to Nepal for its seaports, they are situated\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">more than 3,000 km away.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">All this can\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">sum<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0up by the words of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">geostrategist<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Brahma\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chellany<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. He said<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">China<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">can replace India as Nepal\u2019s main provider of essential supplies\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">only by moving the Himalayas<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">southward<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">But the ability of<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Chinese in project implementation and financial assistance cannot be under estimated.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fourthly<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, establishing a permeant mechanism\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to reduce the disasters caused by<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0floods in the regions of\u00a0India-Nepal.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fifthly,<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Mutual respect is the key:<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nepal government has to move away\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">from narrow terms and shift focus\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">towards<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">broadening\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and inclusion of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">demands\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">from<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">all sections of society<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0i<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">n the Constitution<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nepal also has to stop the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">rhetoric on territorial nationalism and pulling out China card whenever they negotiate with India.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Way forward:\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India-Nepal\u00a0relations have all the potential to move<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0ahead and become mutually reliable commercial and economic ties, and extensive people-to-people ties<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0only when India and Nepal forget the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">avoid past mistakes and<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0move ahead to become\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">sustainable<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>India\u00a0\u2013 Nepal\u00a0relations&#8211; Present challenges and solutions\u00a0 Sources: Pax Indica,\u00a0The Diplomat,\u00a0RSTV Big Picture\u00a0 This article on India Nepal relations \u2013 present challenges and\u00a0solutions,\u00a0has been developed based on\u00a0The\u00a0Hindu editorial\u00a0\u201cNepal in turmoil\u201d.\u00a0 India and Nepal share a unique relationship, both of them share friendship and cooperation underpinned by linguistic, cultural and civilizational links, along with a wide range&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/india-nepal-relations-present-challenges-and-solutions\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">India \u2013 Nepal relations- Present challenges and solutions<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":74119,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[1576,1474,1575,7998,1333,1457],"class_list":["post-74111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7-pm","tag-articles_for_interview","tag-foreign_policy_india","tag-india_nepal_relations","tag-international_issues","tag-ir_0","tag-ir_02","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/India-Nepal-Relations-Present-challenges-and-solutions.jpg?fit=1280%2C720&ssl=1","views":{"total":1056,"cached_at":""},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74111"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74111\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74111"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}