{"id":74310,"date":"2020-12-25T21:00:51","date_gmt":"2020-12-25T15:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=74310"},"modified":"2020-12-26T12:57:58","modified_gmt":"2020-12-26T07:27:58","slug":"9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-december-25-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-december-25-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 December 25, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Good evening dear reader<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\r\n<p><strong>About 9 PM Brief<\/strong>- With the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 PM Daily Current affairs for UPSC brief we intend<\/span> to simplify the newspaper reading experience. In 9PM briefs, we provide our reader with a summary of all the important articles and editorials from three important newspapers namely The Hindu, Indian Express, and Livemint. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage, and factual information from a Mains examination point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>About Factly<\/strong>- The Factly initiative covers all the daily news articles regarding Preliminary examination. This will be provided at the end of the 9 PM Brief.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dear Aspirants,<\/p>\r\n<p>We know for a fact that learning without evaluation is a wasted effort. Therefore, we request you to please go through both our initiatives i.e 9PM Briefs and Factly, then evaluate yourself through the 10PM Current Affairs Quiz.<\/p>\r\n<p>We plan to integrate all our free daily initiatives to comprehensively support your success journey.<br \/><strong>Happy Learning!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS &#8211; 2<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"14\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Issue of summoning state legislature and their performance<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"14\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Need for reform in Governance structure of public universities<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS-3<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"15\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Issue of Retrospective tax cases; what should India do next?<\/span><br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>https:\/\/factly.forumias.com\/factly-news-articles-for-december-25-2020\/<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/issue-of-summoning-state-legislature-and-their-performance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Issue of summoning state legislature and\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">their<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0performance<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>Source:\u00a0<\/b><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/parliament-winter-session-kerala-governor-state-legislative-assembly-lawmakers-7118955\/\">Click here<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Syllabus:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">-2 \u2013 parliament and state legislature and their\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">functioning<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Conflicts like the one in Kerala over the power to call session of legislature, will only add up to the already dismal records of sessions of state legislatures.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Issue of summoning the sessions in state legislature:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The events in Kerala and Rajasthan are an abnormality.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Kerala Event:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lately, the Kerala government recommended the governor for summoning the state\u2019s legislature for a one-day session to discuss the issue of farmers\u2019 protest, but the recommendation was turned down by the governor on the ground that there is no emergent situation to meet the assembly on such short notice.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Event in Rajasthan:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0The Rajasthan governor had rejected the recommendation of Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot\u2019s government to call a session for proving the majority of his government.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Constitutional Provision:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0The state government is constitutionally empowered to call a session of the legislature.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">T<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">he dates and the duration of the session<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0is decided by\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">the council of ministers<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Governor is communicated of t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">heir decision, who is constitutionally bound to act on most matters on the aid and advice of the government.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">The state legislature\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">is then summoned by governor\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">to meet for a session.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Such conflicts between the governor and the government are hurdles in the functioning of state legislators, which are already suffering from dismal performances.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Performance of state legislatures<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The data as follows depicts the dismal performance of the state legislature in their functioning;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Number of assembly meetings:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">In the last 20 years, state assemblies across the country, on average, met for less than 30 days in a year. But states like Kerala, Odisha, Karnataka are an exception.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Kerala Vidhan Sabha, for example, has on an average met for 50 days every year for the last 10 years.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Performance of state legislatures:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Legislatures meet for longer budget sessions at the beginning of the year. Then for the rest of the year fewer meetings are held just to meet the constitutional requirement that there should not be a gap of six months between two sessions of a legislature.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the reasons for decline in the sitting days of the state legislature?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The blame for the decline in the sitting days of the state legislatures rests with the government.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Interest of government:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Legislatures are grounds for debate and giving voice to public opinion. As accountability institutions, they are responsible for asking tough questions to the government and highlighting uncomfortable truths.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">So, it is in the interest of a state government to organise lesser sittings of the legislature and bypass their enquiry.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Not enough time:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lesser number of sitting days also means that state governments are free to make laws through ordinances and when they assemble legislatures, there is little time for MLAs to inspect laws brought before them.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What can be done?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Continuous and close scrutiny by legislatures is essential for improving governance in the country.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Increasing the number of working days<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0for state legislatures is a first step in increasing their effectiveness. One way to do that is by assembling legislatures to meet all around the year.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In many mature democracies, a fixed calendar of sittings of legislatures, with breaks in between, is announced at the beginning of the year.\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">It allows the government to plan its calendar for bringing in new laws.\u202f<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">It also has the advantage of increasing the time for debate<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0and discussion in the legislative assembly. And with the legislature sitting throughout the year, it gets rid of the politics surrounding the convening of sessions of a legislature.<\/span><br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/need-for-reform-in-governance-structure-of-public-universities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Need for reform in Governance structure of public universities<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Syllabus \u2013 GS-2, Social Issues, Issues related to education in India\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis: The governance<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0structure of public universities must be reformed on urgent basis as it may help them become world-class universities. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">55 central universities,\u00a0endowed\u00a0with prime land and\u00a0extensive\u00a0central grants, are\u00a0crown jewels of the Indian academic system.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">However, lately, these universities are facing governance related challenges. Six vice-chancellors (VCs) of central universities have been sacked. Another five have been charge-sheeted.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Need for Public universities<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">There are some important\u00a0public\u00a0universities, where\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">cross-disciplinary research to<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0solve complex modern problems\u00a0take place, with the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">focus on all the major branches of learning<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The locus of innovation has been switched towards innovative private universities which have\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">failed to develop into broad-based universities<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0with the full range\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">of humanities, social and natural sciences, and professional disciplines<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Thus,\u00a0central universities must be saved\u00a0to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">save academia<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What\u00a0is the\u00a0governance\u00a0structure\u00a0in public universities?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">As each of the 55 central universities is governed by a separate Act, there are difference in governance structures, but broadly it is as follows:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">VC:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0President of India is the\u00a0Visitor of the university. On his behalf,\u202fMinistry of Education\u00a0appoints chancellor.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">For that purpose, Ministry appoints\u00a0search committee\u00a0to interview\u00a0multiple candidates\u00a0and to come up with the list of 3 candidates. From the list ministry appoints a VC.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Senate or court<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: It is chosen through\u00a0different process\u00a0and constituted of\u00a0nominees from various stakeholders, including the government, faculty, students, and citizens.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Technically, this is\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">the governing council (GC) of the university<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Executive council:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Council carry on the university work.\u00a0It is chaired by VC and appoints\u00a0the registrar.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Finance committee:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Finance committee is\u00a0appointed\u00a0to maintain financial checks and balances.\u00a0It is\u00a0headed by a chief finance officer.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the issues in\u00a0governance structure in public universities?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">GC\u00a0has no say in the selection of the VC\u00a0and meets only once a year. In theories,\u00a0it\u00a0approves the\u00a0annual plan of the university, presented by VC. But in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">reality,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0plan is approved without discussions or questions.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">After approval there is very minimal\u00a0direction or monitoring from the GC\u00a0throughout the year.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"12\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Size of the GC is very big to organise any fruitful\u00a0meeting. For example;\u00a0GC of Delhi University has 475 members.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Best Practices\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Example of IIM<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"13\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In contrast to the general Governance structure, IIM structure is much better version.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"14\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">It has set a limit on the members of GC at maximum of 19. All of them are expected to meet s certain standard\u00a0i.e.\u00a0eminent citizens\u00a0with broad social representation and an emphasis on alumni.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"15\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Functions of GC includes:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Selection of Director,\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Providing overall\u00a0strategic direction,\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Raising\u00a0resources,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Monitoring the performance of director<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Example of\u00a0Harvard<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"9\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"16\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Until 150 years ago, Harvard was also a government university and was on verge of collapse.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"9\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"17\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">It only became what it is today after\u00a0governance reform\u00a0by creating an empowered board comprising its most successful alumni. They brought\u202fdynamism, oversight, and resources\u00a0with them and made it a world-class university.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Way forward<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"10\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"18\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Thus, it is apparent that\u00a0the governing councils of all central universities\u00a0IITs, and all other central institutions\u00a0is restructured\u00a0by an Act of Parliament.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"10\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"19\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Boards of these universities should comprise of their most eminent alumni.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"10\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"20\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Recently the\u00a0billion-dollar endowment campaign\u00a0announced by university\u00a0is being spearheaded by its most successful alumni, many of them\u00a0created Unicorns, or billion-dollar companies. If alumni like them invited to GC, they may help it become a world-class university like Harvard.<\/span><br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/u-k-eu-reach-post-brexit-trade-deal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">U<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.K., EU reach post-Brexit trade agreement<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/international\/uk-eu-reach-post-brexit-trade-agreement\/article33412448.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Syllabus &#8211; GS-2, International events and their impacts on India<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Synopsis:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Britain and the European Union have struck a free-trade deal as a Post-Brexit trade agreement to ensure Britain and the 27-nation bloc can continue to trade in goods without tariffs or quotas\u00a0. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Facts:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"16\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Brexit:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It is the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b style=\"font-size: 19px; letter-spacing: 0.13333em; text-transform: uppercase;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Key Features of the Post-Brexit<\/span><\/b><b style=\"font-size: 19px; letter-spacing: 0.13333em; text-transform: uppercase;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> trade agreement:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 19px; font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: 0.13333em; text-transform: uppercase;\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Trade in Goods:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0The agreement ensures that most goods traded between the EU and U.K. won\u2019t face new tariffs or\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">quotas.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>Quotas means limits on the amount of things that can be traded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Level Playing Field:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The deal commits both sides to upholding their environmental, social, labor and tax transparency standards to make sure they don\u2019t undercut each other. The British say the deal doesn\u2019t include a ratchet mechanism that would<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0force it to stiffen its rule in lockstep with the EU.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Customs:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Both sides pledge to limit customs red tape, including through programs for trusted traders known as authorized economic operators (AEOs have benefits including fewer controls).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dispute Settlement:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Disputes on the deal must be negotiated between the EU and the U.K. with no role for the EU courts.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Professional Services:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There will no longer be automatic mutual recognition of professional qualifications like engineers, doctors etc. They will have to seek the recognition in the country they are practising.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mobility \u2013 freedom of moveme<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">nt:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">UK nationals no longer have the freedom to work, study, start a business or live in the EU. Visas will be required for stays over 90 days.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/issue-of-retrospective-tax-cases-what-should-india-do-next\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Issue of\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Retrospective tax\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">cases; what should India do next?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>Source:\u00a0<\/b><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/editorials\/vodafone-cairn-energy-arbitration-case-7118917\/\">Click here<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Syllabus:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS \u2013 3,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Indian<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Economy, Mobilisation of resources<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Context:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0After Vodafone, India has lost its 2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">nd<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0case to Cairn Plc at\u00a0Permanent Court of Arbitration over a retrospective tax demand. Now,\u00a0what are the options left with India and which one should it chose?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the cases in question?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"21\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Very recently,\u00a0Cairn Plc has won a case of retrospective tax against India\u00a0at\u00a0Permanent Court of Arbitration. Court has asked Indian government to pay\u00a0for damages to the tune of $1.4 billion.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"22\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Previously in this year only, Indian\u00a0Government lost\u00a0a\u00a0retrospective taxation case to Vodafone, where\u00a0government need to pay\u00a0around \u20b980 crore, if it doesn\u2019t make any further appeal.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Now India has been left with the option of either conceding defeat and making payment to the companies or making further appeals. But cost-benefit analysis of both the option is necessary.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Read More &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/india-lost-retrospective-taxation-case-to-cairn\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">India lost Retrospective taxation case to Cairn<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Why Government should not make any further appeals?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"12\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"23\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Firstly,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0there is a need for attracting\u00a0global\u00a0investments to the country and\u00a0any further appeal would put investors in a\u00a0doubt.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"12\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"24\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Secondly,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0the stance of the present\u00a0government on the issue was different in the past.\u00a0They called out the UPA government\u00a0for\u00a0setting\u00a0free &#8220;tax\u00a0terrorism\u201d and \u201cuncertainty\u201d in the country\u00a0by enacting retrospective taxation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"12\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Centre has now filed an appeal in the Vodafone matter in Singapore because it cannot take a different stance on two similar cases. A similar appeal too can be expected on Cairn.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"12\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"25\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Thirdly,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0it would further dampen India\u2019s reputation as\u00a0the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">court already noted that this was\u00a0a\u00a0breach of fair treatment under the UK-India bilateral investment treaty.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Why government should make further appeals?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"13\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"26\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Keeping in mind the cost on exchequer, the government should\u00a0make\u00a0further\u00a0appeals.\u00a0This verdict includes a sharp $1.4 billion payable as damages to Cairn.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"13\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In the Vodafone case, the government would need to divide out around \u20b980 crore if it were to accept defeat.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"13\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"27\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has repeatedly stated that\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">India retains the supreme right to put taxes.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">As a first step after this setback, government must analyse carefully all the available options with it, as India is already suffering from an economic slowdown and looking to strengthen its domestic manufacturing capability. Some of the available options might turn away the foreign investment and technology associated with it.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>https:\/\/factly.forumias.com\/factly-news-articles-for-december-25-2020\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today GS &#8211; 2\u00a0 Issue of summoning state legislature and their performance\u00a0 Need for reform in Governance structure of public universities\u00a0 GS-3\u00a0 Issue of Retrospective tax cases; what should India do next? 9 PM for Preliminary examination https:\/\/factly.forumias.com\/factly-news-articles-for-december-25-2020\/ Issue of summoning state&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-december-25-2020\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 December 25, 2020<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":71653,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/website-banners-9-PM-DAILY-BRIEF-1-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C628&ssl=1","views":{"total":1,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1703509091},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74310"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74310\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71653"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}