{"id":74778,"date":"2020-12-30T21:00:56","date_gmt":"2020-12-30T15:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=74778"},"modified":"2020-12-31T10:12:16","modified_gmt":"2020-12-31T04:42:16","slug":"9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-december-30-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-december-30-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 December 30, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Good evening dear reader<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\r\n<p><strong>About 9 PM Brief<\/strong>- With the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 PM Daily Current affairs for UPSC brief we intend<\/span> to simplify the newspaper reading experience. In 9PM briefs, we provide our reader with a summary of all the important articles and editorials from three important newspapers namely The Hindu, Indian Express, and Livemint. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage, and factual information from a Mains examination point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>About Factly<\/strong>- The Factly initiative covers all the daily news articles regarding Preliminary examination. This will be provided at the end of the 9 PM Brief.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dear Aspirants,<\/p>\r\n<p>We know for a fact that learning without evaluation is a wasted effort. Therefore, we request you to please go through both our initiatives i.e 9PM Briefs and Factly, then evaluate yourself through the 10PM Current Affairs Quiz.<\/p>\r\n<p>We plan to integrate all our free daily initiatives to comprehensively support your success journey.<br \/><strong>Happy Learning!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>GS 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>What are the implications of Emigration of India\u2019s brightest youth?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>GS 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Importance of creating Resilient supply chains<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>GS 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Striking balance between interest of different section of farmers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Inequality of emission targets among developed and developing world<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>https:\/\/factly.forumias.com\/factly-news-articles-for-december-30-2020\/<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/what-are-the-implications-of-emigration-of-indias-brightest-youth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What are the implications of Emigration of India\u2019s brightest youth?<\/a> <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/indians-abroad-atmanirbhar-bharat-modi-7125412\/\"><strong>Indian Express<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>GS-1: Issues associated with population<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Synopsis: <\/strong>recent trends that suggests increasing emigration of brightest youth from India, have implications for India.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Even after the renewed calls from the PM Narendra Modi for an <strong>Atmanirbhar Bharat<\/strong>, emigration of India\u2019s best and brightest has not stopped.<\/li>\n<li>Recent findings by Indian Express have shown that, during the two decades of 1996-2015 the toppers (i.e., first rankers in Class 10 and Class 12 examinations from CBSE and ISC) had migrated and were studying or employed overseas, mostly in the US.<\/li>\n<li>Also, according to most recent data collected from high-profile private schools in New Delhi, has shown that post-2015, that the trend of out-migration of Indian talent (around 70% of their students) and wealth has accelerated.<\/li>\n<li>Apart from the CBSE and ISC students, there is now a growing number of <strong>International Baccalaureate (IB)<\/strong> students (who, study and prepare only to pursue their higher education abroad).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What are the implications of rising Emigration from India?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>First<\/strong>, there is a <strong>flight of financial capital to overseas<\/strong>. The Reserve Bank of India\u2019s <strong>liberalised remittances scheme (LRS)<\/strong> for \u201cstudies abroad\u201d has increased more than threefold, from US$ 1.54 billion in 2016-17 to US$ 4.99 billion in 2019-20.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Second, <\/strong>it leads to the <strong>\u201csecession of the successful\u201d<\/strong> when wealthy families from big cities send their children to schools that in fact equip them only for further studies and life overseas<\/li>\n<li><strong>Third,<\/strong> with flight of human capital, as the data suggests that an increasing number of non-resident Indians (NRIs) have become <strong>\u201cnot-returning\u201d Indians,<\/strong> and are contributing more to their host countries than to their home country the PM\u2019s belief that \u201c<strong>brain drain<\/strong>\u201d could help create a \u201c<strong>brain bank<\/strong>\u201d for India\u2019s development is not going to happen.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fourth<\/strong>, there is now an emerging category of Indians migrating out and opting to stay out of India because they feel the sense of <strong>alienation in their motherland <\/strong>and this perception has grown especially among minorities which disturbs the very <strong>cultural fabric of India<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fifth<\/strong>, an equally worrying trend is the increasing number of India\u2019s super rich is opting for the dual status of owning and managing business in India while living overseas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is high time that instead of attracting foreign nationals to work here, India focus on retaining its brightest minds, who are assisting other countries in achieving technological and economical breakthroughs.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/resilient-supply-chains\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Importance of creating Resilient supply chains<\/strong><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=GA084AED9.1&amp;imageview=0\"><span data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">click here<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Syllabus:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS 2 &#8211; international relations<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Synopsis:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Covid-19 pandemic once again proved the importance of creating resilient supply chains that can survive the tough times.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Creating supply chains that can withstand the disruptions is extremely important. Disruptions through the times\u00a0is\u00a0something inevitable as it can be manmade or\u00a0natural.\u00a0For\u00a0example,\u00a0The\u00a0Tahoka\u00a0Earthquake of 2011, followed by the Tsunami, led to a nuclear disaster caused a sharp drop in Japanese automobile exports to the United States.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>State some examples of supply chain disruptions around the world<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">To avoid global disruption in the supply chain system, the robust framework is required. Causes of Supply Chain Disruption can be natural or man-made.\u00a0 <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Saudi Arabia\u2019s oil refineries were<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0attacked by terrorist drones resulting in a drop of 5.7 million barrels of oil per day. This caused a sudden fall in Saudi Arabia\u2019s stock market and a rise in global oil prices.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>China cut off exports of rare earth to Japan\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">after the arrest of their fishing trawler captain in 2010 near the disputed\u00a0Senkakuislands by the Japanese officials.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Coronavirus had an immediate effect on supply chains emanating from China.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>The United\u00a0States\u00a0<\/strong>government-imposed restrictions<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> on the export of microchips to China\u2019s biggest semiconductor manufacturer.\u00a0The US\u00a0felt that there was an unacceptable risk that equipment supplied to it could be used for military purposes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>How vulnerable is India to this disruption?<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">China has weaponised its trade and investment. Indias\u2019 dependency on china for the following makes it vulnerable to supply chain disruption for many imp. Goods and services in the near future;\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> India\u2019s pharma sector depends on China\u2019s Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). It creates vulnerabilities in the value chain.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>India imports 27% of its requirement of automotive parts from China and<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0after the pandemic it faced a huge difficulty given the sudden shortage of braking components, electrical components, interiors and lighting fixtures.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>India has an import dependency of 80%<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">even after becoming the 4<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"><sup>th<\/sup><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0largest market in Asia for medical devices. Among the biggest exporters to India in this field are China, the U.S., Germany, Singapore and Japan.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>What are the steps taken by India and other countries to ensure SCR?<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>The Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI)\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">was started by India, japan and Australia which tends to focus on automobiles and parts, petroleum, steel, textiles, financial services and IT sectors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Japan aimed at diversification of investments\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), India and Bangladesh.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> 89 Japanese companies availed subsidies to diversify out of China. Of these, 57 companies relocated to Japan, 30 to Southeast Asia and two to India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>The Indian government is providing a big boost to defence manufacturing under<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0the \u2018Make in India\u2019 programme.\u00a0It has identified a negative import list of 101 items.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Australia has demonstrated strong political will <\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">in countering uninformed Chinese sanctions imposed on its key exports of grain, beef, wine, coal and much else.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Australia has demanded an\u00a0inquiry into the origins of the coronavirus and\u00a0advocated a strong Indo-Pacific vision.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Way forward<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">India has the capacity and the potential to become one of the world\u2019s largest destinations for investments after the pandemic gets over.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> There is a terrific opportunity for foreign companies to enter into tie-ups with reputed Indian defence manufacturers\u00a0to tap into the growing defence market in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>\u2018<\/strong>AtmanirbharBharat\u2019<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0is aimed at strengthening India\u2019s capacities to participate more robustly without being prey to supply chain disruptions.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>SCRI can get strengthened in the future<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> after the involvement of France, though this might depend on the European Union\u2019s position and the United Kingdom has also shown interest in the SCRI.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/striking-balance-between-interest-of-different-section-of-farmers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Striking balance between interest of different section of farmers<\/a> <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Source- <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/farm-laws-2020-famers-protest-msp-apmc-mandi-system-7125406\/\"><strong>The Indian Express<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Syllabus- GS 3-<\/strong> Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Synopsis &#8211; <\/strong>present market structure is not favorable for marginal farmers, government should adopt a balanced approach to reach a solution on farm bills.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A set of three laws passed in September aims to deregulate India\u2019s enormous agriculture sector aimed at\u00a0\u201cliberating\u201d farmers from the tyranny of middlemen.<\/li>\n<li>But many farmers fear that\u00a0they stand to lose more than they could gain from the new regulations\u00a0and these are the following concerns of farmers-\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>End of MSP-<\/strong> Their main worry is about a\u00a0possible withdrawal of\u00a0the MSP\u00a0and a dismantling of the public procurement of grains.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Promote corporate control<\/strong>&#8211; The farmers contend the federal government is making ready to withdraw from the procurement of food grain and hand it over to the company gamers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Although all of the concerns of farmers are not misplaced, but these concerns have definitely been blown out of proportion for political reasons.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What are the issues in present Agri. Market structure?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Present Agri. Market structure which suffers from the lacunas of MSP system, restrictive Mandi system and APMC market structures, is doing more harm than benefits to the marginalized farmers.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>First, CRIER-OECD study on agricultural policies<\/strong> showed that over the period 2000-01 to 2016-17, Indian agriculture was implicitly taxed to the tune of almost 14 per cent of its value.<\/li>\n<li>What this implies is that Indian farmers have been implicitly taxed heavily through restrictive marketing and trade policies [export controls, stocking limits and restrictive mandi system]<\/li>\n<li><strong>Second, the procurement system and MSP mechanism<\/strong> are beneficial particularly for the rich farmers of Punjab and Haryana\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>The NSSO\u2019s Situation Assessment Survey [2012-13]\u00a0revealed that Only 6 per cent of the farmers in India are fully covered and benefitted by the MSP, and 84 per cent are located in the states of Punjab and Haryana.<\/li>\n<li>The MSP and APMC system primarily helps those who have large surpluses, mainly the large farmers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>How FPOs can be helpful for small and marginal farmers?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In India, 86 per cent of farmers are small and marginal (less than 2 ha), who do not get the benefit of MSP system.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Farmer\u2019s Producer\u2019s organizations (FPOs) at village level, consisting of small farmers, supplemented by the mechanism of new farm laws will benefit them.<\/li>\n<li>The creation of an additional 10,000 FPOs and the promised Agri-infra Fund of Rs.1,00,000 Crore will aid this process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>How government can eliminate the fears of agitating farmers?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>First, MSP to be continued<\/strong>&#8211; The government need to assure farmers in writing that the new laws discontinue APMC and MSP system.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Second, <\/strong>Government needs to <strong>clarify about the contract farming<\/strong> that that the contract will be for the produce, not the farmers land.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Third, farmers can take disputes to district courts.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Forth, Government can also approve <strong>25,000 Crore alternate fund under the Price Stabilization Scheme <\/strong>to support market prices in case when prices fall below 10 percent the MSP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, The Food Corporation of India is already overloaded with grain stocks that are more than 2.5 times the buffer stock norms.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To deal with such situation, Government can either limit the quantity of procurement or go for Price deficiency Payment system for those who buy \u201cput options\u201d at MSP to address the gaps in MSP based procurement of crops.<\/li>\n<li>An expert committee will have to be set up to look into its operational guidelines and further announcement of a diversification package for the Punjab-Haryana region can be done.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>On the one hand, repealing of new farmer\u2019s law would be unfair for small and marginal farmers as they never got any benefit from the MSP system. On another hand, High price to farmers also mean high food prices for consumer.<\/li>\n<li>Thus, there is a requirement to strike a balance between the interest of various stakeholders of Indian farming system and its consumers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/inequality-of-emission-targets-among-developed-and-developing-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Inequality of emission targets among developed and developing world<\/a> <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/the-climate-policy-needs-new-ideas\/article33447500.ece\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Gs3<\/strong>: Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation,<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Synopsis: <\/strong>The current Climate change policy is designed to favour the interest of developed world over the interest of countries in the process of development, like India.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Background:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>India, during the <strong>Climate Action Summit in Paris<\/strong> avoided the commitments to <strong>cap emissions<\/strong> but agreed on <strong>intended nationally determined contribution<\/strong> to reduce global temperature below 1.5degree Celsius.<\/li>\n<li>Currently, with India\u2019s <strong>per capita emissions<\/strong> at one-third of the global average, India is set to meet its Paris Agreement target for 2030.<\/li>\n<li>Whereas the western and EU countries which are responsible for majority of the resources use, and have achieved well-being of their people, are not committed in the proportion of their contribution to climate change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Why India\u2019s stand on not committing to cap emissions is justifiable?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Main problem doesn\u2019t lie with the Indian model of development but with the colonial model of Industrialisation and urbanisation i.e., overly resource-intensive and defining progress as material abundance. This model has created the inequality, which western countries are not acknowledging.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Firstly<\/strong>, Inequity is built into the climate treaty, which considers total emissions, size, and population, making <strong>India the fourth largest emitte<\/strong>r, not the per capita emission.\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>For example, China, with four times the population of the U.S., accounts for 12% of cumulative emissions while India, with a population close to that of China\u2019s accounts for just 3% of cumulative emissions, have almost same commitments.<\/li>\n<li>According to the United Nations, the richest 1% of the global population emits more than two times the emissions of the bottom 50%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Second<\/strong>, North America and Europe were responsible for half of the global construction material use before 1970s, the share declined after the development started in Asia\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Reconstruction in the West after World War II led to acceleration of material use, resulting emissions and sharp rise in global temperature around 1970, before growth commenced in Asia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Third, <\/strong>Targets of \u2018carbon neutrality\u2019 are not justified for the countries like India, which are already on the path of less energy-intensive development and is on the pathway to reach comparable levels of well-being of the west.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fourth,<\/strong> India is already performing better than the West in certain sustainability benchmark like housing size and density, public bicycle transport and eliminating food waste.\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>For example, the meat industry, especially beef, contributes to one-third of global emissions. Indians eat just 4 kg of meat a year compared to those in the European Union who eat about 65 kg and Americans who eat about 100 kg.<\/li>\n<li>Also, it is to be noted that the average American household wastes nearly one-third of its food.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fifth,<\/strong> While the Transport emissions which is one of the fastest-growing emissions worldwide and regarded as the <strong>symbol of Western civilisation<\/strong> account for a quarter of global emissions they are not on the global agenda.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sixth<\/strong>, India is under pressure to stop using coal, which powered colonialism, even though India\u2019s per capita coal use for electricity generation is one-tenth that of the U.S.. Also, India\u2019s measures to shift to electric vehicles and eliminate oil has not been recognised.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Way forward<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>India should push for an alternate 2050 goal in the UN for the countries with below average per capita emission by utilising it credibility based on its civilisational and long-standing alternate values for the transition to sustainability.<\/p>\n<p>The goals should be aimed at <strong>well-being of people within ecological limits, Sustainable Development Goals<\/strong> and multilateral technological knowledge cooperation around electric vehicles.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/dilemma-of-tribal-rights-and-forest-conservation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dilemma of tribal rights and forest conservation\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=GA084AECF.1&amp;imageview=0\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">click here<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Syllabus:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">GS 3-\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Environment conservation-related issues<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Synopsis:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indigenous people are<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0in a state of unrest ever since the ministry of environment and forests started identifying potential heritage sites.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0The dilemma of tribal rights and forest conservation requires an urgent solution.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Background<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The indigenous people of the Western Ghats, including the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">constitute 44.2% of the tribal population of 6.95% of Karnataka<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Western Ghats are also home to a substantial population of communities like\u00a0Gowlis,\u00a0Kunbis,\u00a0Halakki\u00a0Vakkala, Kare\u00a0Vakkala,\u00a0Kunbi, and\u00a0Kulvadi\u00a0Marathi.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the context of the Forest Rights Act, they are treated as \u2018<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">other traditional forest dwellers\u2019<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0since they have been living there for at least three generations prior to December 13, 2005 and depend on the forest or forest land for their livelihood needs.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">However,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hese tribal are facing a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">n uncertain future, ever since the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">World Heritage Site recognition to the 39 areas<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in western ghats\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and reserved forests.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How the <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Declaration of heritage sites\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">will\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">impact the indigenous\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">tribes<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2012,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">UNESCO\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">recognition of World Heritage Site to areas of<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Western Ghats<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">is<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0critical for\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">due to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">their biodiversity value. Ten of them are in Karnataka.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0But it will have consequences for indigenous tribes;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">These tribal\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">depend on the forest or forest land for their livelihood needs<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0by collecting \u2018minor forest produce\u2019 such as cinnamon and kokum from the forest.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The record of Karnataka is dismal in providing recognition to tribal claims<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Govt.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">recognized<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0only 5.7% of the total claims\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">made<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and disposed of<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a070% of the claims<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The majority of the claims rejected were<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of other traditional forest dwellers t<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hat were not backed by evidences.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Indigenous people fear for their existence in lands<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0that they had inhabited for decades. The restrictions on movement following the declaration of these territories as ecologically sensitive areas distressed them further.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An approach adopted to isolate the indigenous people from their natural habitats to protect biodiversity could emerge as the root cause of conflict between them and conservationists.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Global Environment Outlook Report 5<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0mentions that there is decreased biodiversity across the globe even as \u2018protected areas\u2019 have been expanding.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As per the government, until 1980, 43 lakh hectares of\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">forestland encroached both legally and illegally<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. But nothing concrete has been\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">done on this behalf.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Whereas, t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">he combined stretch of land claimed by\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">OTD<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0is\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">smaller than the land which is used for building dams,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">mining, laying railway lines and roads, power plants, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The way forward<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">First, the rights of the people\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">who depend on the forest are equally important as is the declaration of the Western Ghats as a World Heritage Site.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Second,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0as confirmed internationally, preserving biodiversity requires the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">legal empowerment of the people<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0living in those areas.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Third,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">the government must make an effort to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">build trust between its agencies in the area and the people who depend on these forests<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0by treating them as equal citizens like everyone else in the country.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">People living in nature\u2019s surroundings are integral to conservation as they relate with it in a more integrated and spiritual way.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>https:\/\/factly.forumias.com\/factly-news-articles-for-december-30-2020\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today GS 1 What are the implications of Emigration of India\u2019s brightest youth? GS 2 Importance of creating Resilient supply chains GS 3 Striking balance between interest of different section of farmers Inequality of emission targets among developed and developing world 9&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-december-30-2020\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 December 30, 2020<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":71653,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/website-banners-9-PM-DAILY-BRIEF-1-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C628&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704941528},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74778"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74778\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71653"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}