{"id":75336,"date":"2021-01-04T21:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-04T15:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=75336"},"modified":"2021-01-04T18:29:45","modified_gmt":"2021-01-04T12:59:45","slug":"9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-january-4-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-january-4-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 January 4, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Good evening dear reader<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\r\n<p><strong>About 9 PM Brief<\/strong>- With the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 PM Daily Current affairs for UPSC brief we intend<\/span> to simplify the newspaper reading experience. In 9PM briefs, we provide our reader with a summary of all the important articles and editorials from three important newspapers namely The Hindu, Indian Express, and Livemint. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage, and factual information from a Mains examination point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>About Factly<\/strong>- The Factly initiative covers all the daily news articles regarding Preliminary examination. This will be provided at the end of the 9 PM Brief.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dear Aspirants,<\/p>\r\n<p>We know for a fact that learning without evaluation is a wasted effort. Therefore, we request you to please go through both our initiatives i.e 9PM Briefs and Factly, then evaluate yourself through the 10PM Current Affairs Quiz.<\/p>\r\n<p>We plan to integrate all our free daily initiatives to comprehensively support your success journey.<br \/><strong>Happy Learning!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>GS-paper 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Reasons behind Sexual violence in rural India<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>GS-Paper 2\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Concerns of hasty approval to COVID-19 vaccine<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Government initiatives for welfare of Scheduled Castes (SC)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact of Diluting disclosure requirement in Patent Rules, 2003<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>GS-Paper 3\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Gender based inequality in agriculture sector in India\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/reasons-behind-sexual-violence-in-rural-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Reasons behind Sexual violence in rural India<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Source-<\/strong><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/gender-violence-rural-india-patriarchy-women-safety-hathras-case-7131475\/\"><span data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\"><strong>Indian Express<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Syllabus- GS Paper I &#8211; Society and social structure<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Synopsis<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211; Women of rural India are becoming victims of hierarchies of caste, class, and patriarchy. We need to form a suitable policy that will tackle gender-based sexual violence in rural India.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Background-<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0The\u00a0Bhanwari\u00a0Devi rape case in 1992 and the\u00a0Khairlanji\u00a0rape and massacre in 2006 to the\u00a0Hathras\u00a0case in 2020 shows that sexual violence against women is multi-dimentional\u00a0issue, root of which lies in the hierarchies of caste, class, and gender.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>How the issues related to caste, class, and gender promotes sexual violence in rural India?<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sexual Violence against women in rural -India is linked with caste, caste and patriarchy in the following ways:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Firstly, Ancient social structure<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211; Since ancient times, many things have changed but what has remained constant is rural India\u2019s obsession with the caste order. The lower castes have served the upper castes while the upper castes work to keep the status quo. Violence becomes a tool of maintaining the status quo.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Secondly, Tilted land reforms-<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">In the political economy of post-Independence India, land is supreme. Land is class, power and\u00a0honour. Its exclusive ownership is the basis of maintaining the caste order. Hence large landowners who were of dominant castes were the beneficiary and the landless\u00a0labourers\u00a0were of lower castes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Third, Political rise of lower castes<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211; The Bahujan -Dalit political mobilization challenged this ancient hierarchy and with this, oppressed castes found themselves represented in positions of power.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Fourth, Political pressure on police\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211; Police officials mostly\u00a0favour the dominant caste groups due to the pressure from the administration to not register sexual crimes under their jurisdiction, since these cases make them targets for transfers and dismissals.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In the societies riddled with caste structure and patriarchy,\u00a0women are considered as a symbol of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>family\u2019s, a community\u2019s, a caste\u2019s\u00a0<\/strong>honour<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">. In these societies, sexual violence against the women of opposition becomes\u00a0a tool of robbing them of their\u00a0honour, to maintain the status quo of land and caste.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">During land disputes between two caste groups with a large differential of power and influence, women\u2019s bodies become collateral damage.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In conflicts among caste groups who are relatively close together in the caste (and class) order, women are used as a tool to tactically use the Section 354 of the Indian Penal Code (outraging the modesty of a woman) to punish the other side.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>What are the steps required to be taken?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">To address the multi-\u00a0dimensional\u00a0issues related to sexual violence against women, we need to take the following actions.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>First-\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Along with police reform, caste discrimination, patriarchy and reforms in land ownership, we need to implement the policies related to women empowerment in both letter and spirit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Second-\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">We must take anintersectional approach\u00a0that targets all of the issues.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Third-<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Land ownership reform\u00a0must tackle the irregularities of demarcation and the lack of proper records.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Fourth-<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sound policy involving all stakeholders should also\u00a0tackle the illegal constructions on\u00a0abadi\u00a0land and\u00a0banjar\u00a0zameen.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Fifth-\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">The goal of annihilating caste cannot be achieved without mammoth efforts in\u00a0educational, professional, and social integration of lower castes into every field, be it healthcare, judiciary, education, entertainment, or sports.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Along with the land and caste reforms, we must tackle the persistence of patriarchy in our society. \u201cWomen\u2019s\u00a0empowerment\u201d\u00a0 has\u00a0now become just a phrase for political and corporate\u00a0organisations. We must demand more representation of women in positions of power through reserved seats in MP, MLA, and MLC elections, or the judiciary and corporate boards.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">We need to work for quality sexual education and consent training for our youth, with the aim of preventing sexual assault and equalising and normalising healthy relations among members of different genders and sexes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lastly, we must bridge the gender divide in access to the transformative and emancipatory power of consumer technology.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/concerns-of-hasty-approval-to-covid-19-vaccine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Concerns of hasty approval to COVID-19 vaccine<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Source-\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=G8T84R6TU.1&amp;imageview=0\"><span data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\"><strong>The Hindu<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>,\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/coronavirus-efficacy-data-missing-covid-task-force-bharat-biotech-dcgi-7131620\/\"><span data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\"><strong>The Indian Express<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Syllabus- GS 2 &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector\/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Synopsis-<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Concerns regarding hasty approval granted to the COVID-19 vaccines despites the lack of adequate efficacy data.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Background-<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI)\u202fapproved the Subject Expert Committee\u2019s recommendation for emergency use\u202fof Serum Institute of India&#8217;s\u00a0Covishieldand Bharat Biotech&#8217;s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202f<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Covaxin<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Covishieldis the same vaccine as developed by Oxford- AstraZeneca, which has got emergency use approval in the UK.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> In the case of\u00a0Covaxin, concerns have been raised about the\u00a0absence of efficacy data, which is generated during Phase 3 of human clinical trials.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">However, experts have voiced their concerns on the approval process and the lack of publicly released efficacy data for\u00a0Covaxin.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>How India\u2019s credibility as manufacturer of vaccine is at stake?<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The hasty nod for\u00a0Covaxin\u00a0has put India&#8217;s credibility as a manufacturer of vaccines is at a stake and has raised eyebrows in the scientific and healthcare communities about a \u201cpublic rollout of an untested product.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>First,\u00a0Covaxinhas no clinical efficacy data-<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Bharat\u00a0Biotch&#8217;s\u00a0Covaxin\u00a0vaccine is still in stage 3 clinical trials in India and the final results are yet to be released. The recommendation comes despite the lack of efficacy data for\u00a0Covaxin.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Efficacy data is an indication of how effective the vaccine is in preventing the virus attack.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Moreover, the decision is a violation of the criteria in the draft regulatory guidelines for the development of COVID-19 vaccines published by CDSCO, in which it is clear that safety and efficacy data is required for approval of vaccine, but the indigenous vaccine from\u202fBharat Biotech\u202fdoes not have efficacy details because the trials are underway.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Second, credibility of regulator at stake-<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">This lack of transparency could lead to a lack of trust in the vaccine<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">There are several issues with the way the approval has been granted, which can lead to people losing confidence in the regulatory system.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Third,\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">approval an untested vaccine makes it nearly\u00a0impossible to conduct a proper phase-3 trial.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> It will be unethical to expect volunteers to participate in a trial where there is only a 50% chance of being administered the actual vaccine, when they have the option of the real dose elsewhere.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Fourth,\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pharmaceutical giants like Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca have given a go-ahead only after partial results of\u00a0vaccine\u2019s abilities in their own populations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Whereas in India similar data for\u00a0vaccine ability among Indian population has not been published. As it is a possibility that vaccine response among India population may not be the same as among the European Population.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The rush to approve COVID-19 vaccine without proper clinical trial may do more harm than good. So, it would be better to wait for the preliminary data from the phase-III trials to come in, and then grant the approval.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>What is the way forward?<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> In light of the intense concerns arising from the absence of efficacy data, the Use of\u00a0Covaxinshould be treated as extended clinical trials.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> For the larger scale implementation of vaccines, Government needs to carefully monitor immune response to different vaccines and assess the efficacy across populations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/government-initiatives-for-welfare-of-scheduled-castes-sc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Government initiatives for welfare of Scheduled Castes (SC)<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/scheduled-caste-groups-delit-empowerment-inclusive-growth-bjp-government-7131499\/\"><span data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">click here<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0GS 2 \u2013 Social Justice \u2013 Schemes for vulnerable section<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Synopsis:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Government has recently launched post-matric scholarship scheme for SCs, apart from many other steps taken for the welfare of Scheduled Castes (SC) in India.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Post-matric scholarship scheme<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Government has recently passed an\u00a0outlay of Rs 59,000 crore for the post-matric scholarship scheme\u00a0for students from Scheduled Caste groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Almost 60 percent of the cost of scheme will be borne by Central government and rest by the states.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>How this scheme promotes welfare of Scheduled Castes (SC)?<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> More than four crore SC students\u00a0would benefit from this allocation in the next five years.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> These students were facing challenges in pursuing higher education because of the financial constraints but this decision will provide them a sense of hope.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> The\u00a0gross enrolment ratio of SC students in higher education will increase with the help of this scheme.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Proper education <\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">will provide the next generation of Dalits paths for upward mobility, dignity and recognition in society.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Other Government initiatives for welfare of Scheduled Castes (SC)<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Development of SC concentrated villages<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> The Union government identified almost 27,000 such villages where a government programme will make sure the\u00a0dedicated implementation of welfare schemes to improve infrastructure and reduce socio-economic gaps in 2019.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Political empowerment<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> The current government has ensured meaningful representation for Dalits within the organisation and government.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> For example, the youngest woman MLA from Gujarat, Malti Maheshwari, and numerous other leaders, are now making themselves heard and are suitably voicing the concerns and aspirations of Dalits across the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Promotion of entrepreneurship<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Schemes such as\u00a0Stand-up India and MUDRAhave significantly benefited young people from the community in the last 6 years.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Milind Kamble, the chairperson of\u00a0Dalit Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (DICCI),has been working with the government to create opportunities for entrepreneurship and self-employment for Dalit youth.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> \u201cBe Job Givers and not Job Seekers\u201d is a theme for the government.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Milind kamble has a team of more than 5,000 entrepreneurs from SC and ST groups.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Several youngsters have benefitted from schemes like a\u00a0venture capital fund for SCs and a credit enhancement guarantee plan.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> The youth who want to become entrepreneurs are being\u00a0supported through a network of growth centres and aiding financial assistance architecture.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Way forward<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> India should become extremely inclusive in its foundation, review its approach and focus on making the country a leading light in the new world order.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Sustained economic empowerment, political representation and educational opportunities like the boost in the post-matric scholarship for SC students should be provided so that Dalits become an inseparable part of the New India story.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/impact-of-diluting-disclosure-requirement-in-patent-rules-2003\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Impact of Diluting disclosure requirement in Patent Rules, 2003<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=G8T84R6U8.1&amp;imageview=0\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">click here<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Syllabus:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS 3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The dilution of patent working disclosure rules obstructs the success of India\u2019s compulsory licensing regime.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Background\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">According to the new Patent Rules, 2020, licensees are\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">no longer required to annually submit to the Patent Office<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0disclosing the degree to which they have commercially worked or made the patented inventions available to the public in the country.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What were the requirement of disclosure in Patent Rules, 2003?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The purpose of granting patents itself is to ensure that the inventions are operated in India and are made available to the public in adequate amounts at rational prices.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The information about\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">the degree at which these patentees are operating in India<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0is very important to check abuse of patent monopoly. For example, excessive pricing or scare supply of the invention<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Courts have refused a temporary ban in cases<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0charging violation of a patent which has not been operated in India.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Section 146 (2)<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0asks every licensee to submit to the Patent Office an annual statement explaining the extent to which they have worked the invention in India was not found in patent laws.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0The disclosure is to be made in the Form 27<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0format as suggested under the Patent Rules, 2003.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Irregularities and PIL filed<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"21\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The amendment to the form was made after a PIL<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0was filed by\u00a0Shamnad\u00a0Basheer before the Delhi High Court in 2015. The PIL was about the non-filing and defective filing of Form 27 by licensees and wanted an action against the violators.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"21\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The PIL also called for a reform of Form 27<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0because the information it sought was totally insufficient to determine the level of the working of the patent.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"21\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Court directed the government to bring an amendment to strengthened the patent working disclosure rules.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"21\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">However, after 2 years, instead of strengthening, government introduced an amendment that dilutes the disclosure requirements.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">How government changed the disclosure requirement?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The amendment in patent laws has considerably weakened it and is defeating the whole purpose of the amendment exercise. The requirement of submitting a lot of important information was removed. The form now requires the patentees to provide only for the following information:\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"22\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Firstly,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0whether the invention has worked or not and the revenue generated from it (manufacturing and importing). Reasons for the invention not working and the steps being taken towards it to make it work.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"22\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Secondly,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0they don\u2019t have to provide data about the amount of the invention manufactured in India and imported which is vital for proper assessment.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"22\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Licensees can just self-certify<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0that they\u2019ve worked the patent without having to prove the claim with the data on how they\u2019ve done it, including through licensing\/sub-licensing the patent.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"21\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">For instance,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0the disclosure of this data by Bayer in Form 27 played a crucial role in grant of India\u2019s first compulsory license to Natco for the anti-cancer drug Sorafenib\/Nexavar.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are its impacts?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"23\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Doing away with the condition of providing inventions for public requirement at a reasonable price, will have negative impacts on the affordability of new medicines in India.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"23\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"12\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Doing away with the condition to disclose price and demand will make it difficult to assess the quantum of invention made available to the public in sufficient quantity and at an affordable price.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Conclusion<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"23\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"13\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The government must reconsider its amendments as it is going to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">impact public interest<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">. Some inventions may remain inaccessible to public because of the lack of information. Such lack of accessibility in case of patented medicines could have adverse consequences for public health of the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/gender-based-inequality-in-agriculture-sector-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Gender based inequality in agriculture sector in India<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Source-\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=G8T84R6TC.1&amp;imageview=0\"><span data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\"><strong>The Hindu<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Syllabus- GS 1- Salient<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0features of Indian Society, Diversity of India. Role of women and women\u2019s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies. Effects of globalization on Indian society. Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism &amp; secularism.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Synopsis-<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Women farmers fear that the farm laws will further deepen the existing gender-based inequality in the agriculture sector.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>How Farming in India has strengthened gender-based inequality?<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">This gender discrimination is deeply rooted in society and deprives women farmers of some of the most basic facilities like access to loans and irrigation systems.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>First, non-recognition as farmers<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211; Female farmers are labeled as\u00a0\u2018cultivators\u2019 or \u2018agricultural laborer&#8217;s but not farmers. Without any recognition, they tend to get excluded from all the benefits of government schemes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> According to the agricultural census, 73.2 percent of rural women workers are engaged in agriculture, yet they own only 12.8 percent of the land.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Second, the lack of land ownership makes female farmers \u201cinvisible<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d. Without land, they are not recognized as farmers despite their large contributions to the sector and this marginalization means they are especially vulnerable to\u00a0exploitation by large corporationsunder the new laws.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> 83% of agricultural land in India is inherited by male members of the family and less than 2% by their female counterparts, according to India Human Development Survey (2018).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>What are the implications of recently enacted farm law\u2019s on women a farmer?<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Recently enacted farm laws will further deteriorate there already poor condition;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>First, no mention on MSP-\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Their main worry is about a possible withdrawal of the MSP and a dismantling of the public procurement. Without a guarantee of an MSP, they are vulnerable to corporate exploitation.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <strong>Second<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u00a0bargaining power-When selling their produce outside mandis, Women farmer\u2019s ability to understand and enter into a fair agreement with the corporate buyers is a cause of concern.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Without this safety net, Vulnerable farmers fear they will have to participate in contract farming with private corporations, where these companies determine the price with no adequate redressal mechanism.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">They also fear that the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">small marginal and medium farmers (mostly women led)\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">will be forced to do s<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">ell their land to big\u00a0agro-businesses and become wage laborer.<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Thus, the lack of safeguards from the government for pricing will widen the gender gap in farming as the premise of \u201cincreasing competition\u201d assumes women are able to trade as easily as men when they are subject to greater limitations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Way forward-<\/strong><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Widen the definition of farmers which doesn\u2019t recognize women as farmer but as cultivators and agriculture laborer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Policy paralysis in granting entitlement to women agriculture needs to be focused.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Grant property rights and tenure of security of agriculture land to women.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The empowerment of women farmers is important not only to achieve gender equality but improve nutritional security of the country.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"entry-title\">Factly:-News Articles For UPSC Prelims<\/h3>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"enFxdoF27y\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/factly-news-articles-for-upsc-prelims-jan-042021\/\">Factly :-News Articles For UPSC Prelims| Jan 04,2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Factly :-News Articles For UPSC Prelims| Jan 04,2021&#8221; &#8212; Free UPSC IAS Preparation For Aspirants\" src=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/factly-news-articles-for-upsc-prelims-jan-042021\/embed\/#?secret=G5BommGFVW#?secret=enFxdoF27y\" data-secret=\"enFxdoF27y\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today GS-paper 1 Reasons behind Sexual violence in rural India GS-Paper 2\u00a0 Concerns of hasty approval to COVID-19 vaccine Government initiatives for welfare of Scheduled Castes (SC) Impact of Diluting disclosure requirement in Patent Rules, 2003 GS-Paper 3\u00a0 Gender based inequality in&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-january-4-2021\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 January 4, 2021<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":75337,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/website-banners-9-PM-DAILY-BRIEF-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C628&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1702278137},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75336"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75336\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}