{"id":75827,"date":"2021-01-07T21:00:40","date_gmt":"2021-01-07T15:30:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=75827"},"modified":"2021-01-13T14:26:50","modified_gmt":"2021-01-13T08:56:50","slug":"9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-january-7-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-january-7-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 January 7, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Good evening dear reader<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\r\n<p><strong>About 9 PM Brief<\/strong>- With the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 PM Daily Current affairs for UPSC brief we intend<\/span> to simplify the newspaper reading experience. In 9PM briefs, we provide our reader with a summary of all the important articles and editorials from three important newspapers namely The Hindu, Indian Express, and Livemint. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage, and factual information from a Mains examination point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>About Factly<\/strong>- The Factly initiative covers all the daily news articles regarding Preliminary examination. This will be provided at the end of the 9 PM Brief.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dear Aspirants,<\/p>\r\n<p>We know for a fact that learning without evaluation is a wasted effort. Therefore, we request you to please go through both our initiatives i.e 9PM Briefs and Factly, then evaluate yourself through the 10PM Current Affairs Quiz.<\/p>\r\n<p>We plan to integrate all our free daily initiatives to comprehensively support your success journey.<br \/><strong>Happy Learning!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Gs Paper 2<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">NFHS-5 data suggest improvement on various social indicators<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Opportunity to push forward UK-India Free Trade Agreement\u202f<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Dilemma of Reservation and merit system <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS-Paper 3<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Issue of privacy and Personal Data Protection Bill 2019<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>How India is increasing its <\/strong><strong>maritime domain awareness?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/nfhs-5-data-suggest-improvement-on-various-social-indicators\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">NFHS-5 data suggest improvement on various social indicators\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/early-nfhs-5-data-indicates-several-maternal-and-child-health-interventions-have-led-to-improved-outcomes-7135833\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">click here<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Syllabus:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS 2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Overall trends of NFHS data suggest an improvement in population control, use of modern contraception, reproductive and child health, immunisation, and social determinants of health.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Introduction\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The National Family Health Survey-round 5 (NFHS-5) covers about 6.1 lakh sample households to provide estimates for 707 districts. In the first phase, data from 22 states and UTs has been released from the latest survey conducted in 2019-2020.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the major findings in the first phase of the report?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">One, the data on Total Fertility Rate (TFR)\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">has come down to 2.1 or below (replacement level) in all states and UTs. Bihar (3), Meghalaya (2.9) and Manipur (2.2) are exceptions in this.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Two,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0the data shows that\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">the overall use of modern methods of contraception<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0has increased in 20 out of 22 states. The most dominant method being female sterilisation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Three,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0the data confirms that\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">the number of women marrying before the legal age<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0has reduced in 17 out of 22 states and UTs, with Nagaland, Maharashtra, Jammu &amp; Kashmir and Sikkim as the top performers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Indicators on teenage marriage and childbearing have also improved in 17 states\/UTs.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Four,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a017 of 22 states\/UTs saw an increase in\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">antenatal care visits<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0during the first trimester (Nagaland, Bihar and West Bengal saw the highest rise).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Five, the data shows consumption of IFA tablets\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">by pregnant women for 180 days or more has increased in almost all states\/UTs (except Karnataka) albeit this has not resulted in reduction in anaemia levels among pregnant women.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">There is a need to consider adding IFA tablets which contain more natural sources of iron, folic acid and other micronutrients in the diet.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Six,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a014 out of 22 states and UTs had more than 90 percent\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">of new-borns delivered in institutional facilities\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">and 14 out of 22 states\/UTs have seen a drop in neonatal mortality.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What does the NFHS data suggest on the indicators of women empowerment?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Women\u2019s empowerment is a widespread concept. However, indicators like household decision making, control over personal hygiene choices and possessions like bank accounts and mobile phones are decent indirect means for evaluation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The data indicates that the majority of women (80 percent) participated in at least three household decisions.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:770,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hygienic methods of protection during menstruation\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">are being used by more than 64 per cent of younger women in each of the 22 states\/UTs, except Bihar at 59 per cent.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:770,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Personal possessions<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0such as mobile phone and bank account have increased to over 70 per cent across each of the 22 states\/UTs of India (except Nagaland) in 2019-2020 amongst women.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:770,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What does the NFHS data indicate about the public health in India?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">All states and UTs show a drastic increase in\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">the number of households with a constructed toilet, improved drinking water\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">and clean cooking fuels which are the indicators critical in improving public health in India.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">There has been a rise in\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">malnutrition rates, wasting and underweight children<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0in half of the states which reported an increase in exclusive breastfeeding and adequacy of diets.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Stunting can be affected by multiple factors such as indicators of the mother a child, financial situation, adequacy of diets, water and sanitation facilities, as well as interventions for nutrition promotion and health.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">NFHS-5 data also show an increase in\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">the rates of obesity in children\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">and risk factors for chronic diseases in adults like hypertension and blood glucose.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Conclusion\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">One should not simplify these results for the whole country because data from phase 2 is yet to come and summary figures may oversee how relative health and nutritional results of the population can be.\u202f<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/uk-india-free-trade-relations%e2%80%afand-cairn-energy-plc-issue\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">UK-India Free Trade relations\u202fand Cairn Energy PLC issue<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/there-is-a-huge-opportunity-to-move-uk-india-economic-agenda-forward-in-key-areas-7135868\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">click here<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Syllabus:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS 2 &#8211; International Relations\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0With the conclusion of UK-EU trade agreement, now there is an opportunity to work towards UK-India Free Trade Agreement but resolving\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cairn Energy issue\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">must be a priority for that.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Introduction\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Present developments provide an opportunity for both India and UK to move the bilateral economic plan forward.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Both countries have\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">common interest in the issues,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">such as climate change and the green economy, economic recovery of both the countries from COVID-19.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">After the conclusion of\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">UK-EU trade agreement,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0UK can now focus on concluding trade agreements with key partners like India.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Oxford\/AstraZeneca vaccine<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0which has been approved in the UK was developed in collaboration between the Pune-based Serum Institute of India and the\u00a0Wockhardt\u00a0factory in the UK.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Importance of resolving Cairn Energy PLC issue<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The recent ruling of arbitration court in the favour of Cairn Energy PLC marks an end to the long-running dispute between Cairn Energy PLC and the Indian government over a retrospective $1.2 billion tax demand imposed in 2015.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">For India-UK trade to move forward and save the cost of arbitration, this issue need to end here.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cairn Energy PLC was one such global investor whose\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">belongings in India were held in an Indian company in which Indians sat on the board<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, which had Indian senior management, where many of the engineers were Indian.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Cairn India got success from a significant calculated risk<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">. The resources which Cairn Energy PLC bought from an international major had failed to find hydrocarbons on the land.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The purchase came with a major capital risk to drill several wells to totally explore the fields in Rajasthan.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">After the oil discovery, Cairn Energy PLC then developed these fields and installed new technology to extract the oil and transport it to refineries.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">During this entire period Cairn Energy PLC paid all taxes and dues on time and also invested in the local community, creating valuable infrastructure and jobs.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Thus, there is no reason for dragging this matter any further.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Why resolving cairns India issues will be beneficial for India?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Indian government has publicly stated in the past that the decision of the court would be honoured, so the decision of the court should end the matter.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Firstly,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0timely and logical settlement of this dispute would lead to an instant validation of the desirability of India as an investment destination and also to India&#8217;s status in the international and domestic debt and equity markets.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Secondly,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0a practical solution to the Vodafone and Cairn Energy judgments would improve India\u2019s position at the top table of global economic powers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25aa\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Third,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">as stated above, it was one of the thorny issues in the India-UK relations and good relations with UK will open many opportunities for India in the EU region.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/dilemma-of-reservation-and-merit-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dilemma of Reservation and merit system<\/a> <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Synopsis:<\/strong> For decades, merit system and reservation has been seen as opposites, but these differences are getting blurred.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=GVU8566PP.1&amp;imageview=0\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Syllabus <\/strong>\u2013 GS-2<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Introduction \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The year 2021 is the centenary year of the <strong>\u201cCommunal\u201d Government Order (GO) in<\/strong> Madras Presidency. It introduced reservations based on castes and communities.<\/p>\n<p>GO was the acknowledgment of the social inequalities prevalent in the society, by the British.<\/p>\n<p>Reservation became one of the most divisive public issues, dividing them into \u2018reserved\u2019 and \u2018general\u2019 categories. The reservation was seen as the opposite of a merit system.<\/p>\n<p>Reservation, the especially caste-based reservation has been established as bad, whereas the reservations <strong>in the name of \u2018Merit Stream\u2019<\/strong> for the wards of employees or alumni of universities and colleges is seen as right and justified.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>For example;<\/strong> some of the colleges reserve postgraduate seats for the students enrolled in their own undergraduate honors programs. But officially this system is called the \u2018Merit Stream\u2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, now with the EWS quota and entry of reserved category students in unreserved categories this difference is getting blurred.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Are the merit system and caste-based reservation, mutually exclusive?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If not segregated by the ideological differences, all reservations use merit-based criteria for the selection of eligible candidates. Thus, they are not mutually exclusive.<\/li>\n<li>Even <strong>in the merit-based system<\/strong>, reservation like arrangements has been established that built <strong>exclusionary access<\/strong>. merit is achieved by a mix of ability, effort, and social capital and the social capital plays the most crucial role in it.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>For example;<\/strong> expensive private schools or coaching institutes are affordable for the rich only, thus ability and effort only cannot get a student admission in them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Most recent judgment in the <strong>Saurav Yadav vs. State of Uttar Pradesh case<\/strong>, reiterate the judgment of Mandal judgment, that un-reserved category must be open to all and selection should be merit-based, including for those belonging to categories entitled to reservations.<\/li>\n<li>Thus, the reserved candidates making their way into the unreserved categories by the competition with the unreserved candidates should be appreciated.<br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/issue-of-privacy-and-personal-data-protection-bill-2019\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Issue of privacy and Personal Data Protection Bill 2019<\/span><\/b><\/a><br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/personal-data-protection-bill-2019-privacy-laws-7135832\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Indian Express<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><b><\/b><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Syllabus-\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS Paper 3<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> &#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211; Present<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> data-based technological development and Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 presents a unique challenge to the privacy of individuals.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Introduction-<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">By\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Puttaswamy<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0v India (2017)\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">case,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0privacy<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0was established as a fundamental right. In other\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">cases,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0MP<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Sharma v. Satish Chandra (1954) and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Kharak<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Singh v. Uttar Pradesh (1962), as well, Privacy rights were upheld by SC.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">However, the development of global technology and implementation of the Aadhaar biometric\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">programme<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0in India have diluted the effect of these rulings. Now there is an urgent need to take a new look at the legal position of privacy in India.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">As depicted by Aadhaar based technology and global social media platforms, data has become a new oil\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">i.e.,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0it has become a<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0tool for economic and political gain.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">It created a stream of data protection legislations, globally. India is also trying to join the league by Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 (DPB).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In India, the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 (DPB)\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">is currently under consideration by a parliamentary committee. There are various issues in this bill that go against the privacy rights of individuals.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Commercial and Political consequences of the Data Protection Bill (DPB)<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Data Collection related issues <\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">First-<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Bill will negatively impact the<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> emerging technologies market of India dealing in the creation, use, and sale of data that is valued at $1 trillion by 2025.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Second-<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0The bill requires digital\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">firms who<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0want to operate in India to obtain permission from users before collecting their data.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Third<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211; Bill<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0also declares that users who provide data are, in effect, the owners of their own data and may control its usage or request firms to delete it.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">European internet-users are able to exercise a \u201cright to be forgotten\u201d and have evidence of their online presence removed.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fourth<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211; The bill allows the government to use \u201ccritical\u201d or \u201csensitive\u201d personal data, related to information such as religion, to protect national interest.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fifth<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211; Open-ended access to government could lead to misuse of data.\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mr. B N Srikrishna, the chairmen of the drafting committee of the original bill, warned that government-access exemptions risk creating an \u201cOrwellian state\u201d.<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">2. Issues related to Establishment of Data Protection Authority (DPA) <\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bill aims to establish a<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Data Protection Authority (DPA)<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, which will be charged with managing data collected by the Aadhaar\u00a0programme.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Authority will consist of a chairperson and six committee members, <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Members will be appointed by the central government on the recommendation of a selection committee.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Members will be selected\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">from senior<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0civil servants, including the Cabinet Secretary.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">government\u2019s power to appoint and remove members at its discretion\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">provides it\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">an ability<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> to influence the independence of agency.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Unlike similar institutions, such as the Reserve Bank of India or the Securities and Exchange Board, the DPA will not have an independent expert or member of the judiciary on its governing committee.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The UIDAI, for its part, has a chairperson appointed by the central government and reporting directly to the Centre.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">3. Issues related to government use of data for surveillance<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">There are instances that suggest,<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0India is acquiring some features of a surveillance state<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">As stated by the Union Home minister recently,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">police used facial recognition technology<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0to identify people after the anti-CAA protests and the Delhi riots.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">There is a high possibility that police\u00a0was\u00a0matching the video offstage with the<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0database of Election Commission and e-Vahan, a pan-India database<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> of vehicle registration.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">4. Issue related to the safety of data<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">There are instances of controversy where the government has shown a casual approach towards data safety and privacy of its citizens: <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">First,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Safety concerns were raised during\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">aadhaar<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0data collection,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> which stores biometric data in the form of iris and fingerprints which is a violation of the right to privacy.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Second<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0instance was of\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Aarogya Setu contact-tracing app<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0which was allegedly not able to protect the data provided by citizens.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Way Forward<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Data Protection\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bill is<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0a unique opportunity for India, a country with some 740 million internet users.\u00a0 It would be a standard setter for privacy of individuals.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Inclusive debate needs to take\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">place in<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0the Joint Parliament Committee and then in Parliament to examine the Data Protection Bill\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">and promote<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"> transparency.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/how-india-is-increasing-its-maritime-domain-awareness\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>How India is increasing its <\/strong><strong>maritime domain awareness?<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS-3, Security <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Link: <a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=GVU8566PT.1&amp;imageview=0\">Indian Express<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Introduction <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Foreknowledge<\/strong> was identified by the\u00a0<strong>legendary military theorist, Sun Tzu<\/strong> as the critical element in the battle. It can be gathered only with specialized tools and by men who knew the enemy well.<\/p>\n<p>Although modern warfare has become technology-based and more complex, <strong>\u2018foreknowledge\u2019<\/strong> is still critical as the enemy at sea has become more unrecognizable.<\/p>\n<p>A normal fisherman or a port worker can turn out to be a terrorist, a pirate, a criminal, or a sea-robber. To observe and track suspicious movements, Law enforcement agencies require high-grade sensors and communication networks, and information sharing in real-time.<\/p>\n<p>This enhanced consciousness at sea is called\u00a0maritime domain awareness.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What are India\u2019s concerns regarding<\/strong> <strong>maritime domain awareness?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>People\u2019s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) is developing <strong>a generation of stealthier submarines<\/strong> that will be capable of passing through undetected under enemy surveillance.<\/li>\n<li>This breakthrough by the Chinese has been ascertained by a successful<strong> test of shaftless rim-driven pump-jets. <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>How India is increasing its <\/strong><strong>maritime domain awareness?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Post-Galwan clash, Indian Navy is mainly focused on improving maritime domain awareness in the Indian Ocean, specifically in\u00a0the seas around\u00a0Andaman and Nicobar islands, to monitor the activity of China.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coastal Radar network:<\/strong> India has already integrated Mauritius, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka into the wider coastal radar chain network. Now, it is seeking to set up radar stations in the Maldives, Myanmar, and Bangladesh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Monitoring:<\/strong> India\u2019s <strong>P-8I aircraft<\/strong> are monitoring near-seas and Indian naval ships have patrolled the Andaman Seas and eastern chokepoints for People\u2019s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) submarines.\n<ul>\n<li>India is planning to install an array <strong>of undersea sensors<\/strong> near the Andaman Islands in partnership with Japan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Information cooperation:<\/strong> <strong>Indian Navy\u2019s Information Fusion Centre-Indian Ocean Region<\/strong> in Gurugram is fast emerging as the most prominent information hub in the Eastern Indian Ocean. Following countries are planning to post their officers at the centre;\n<ul>\n<li>Seven Indian Ocean countries \u2014 Maldives, Myanmar, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Mauritius, and Seychelles<\/li>\n<li>At the centre, Indo-Pacific navies \u2014 Australia, Japan, the U.K, and the U.S.<\/li>\n<li>Whereas, France has already posted an officer at the IFC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>India has also posted a Liaison Officer\u00a0in <\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Madagascar at \u00a0Regional Maritime Information Fusion Centre (RMIFC)\n<ul>\n<li>India has recently joined the RMIFC as an observer.<\/li>\n<li>It is a key center of maritime information in the Western Indian Ocean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In Strait of Hormuz (EMASOH) at European Maritime Awareness\n<ul>\n<li>It is helpful in monitoring maritime activity in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Relations with France: India signed a logistics agreement with France in 2019.<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>France has been key for India\u2019s participation in the Western and South-Western Ocean.<\/li>\n<li>France facilitated an \u2018observer\u2019 status for India at the Indian Ocean Commission.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sagar:<\/strong> India is furthering its <strong>Philosophy of Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR)<\/strong> as a \u2018security provider\u2019 and \u2018preferred partner\u2019 in the Indo-Pacific region.\n<ul>\n<li>India has entered into shipping agreements with 21 countries in the Indian Ocean.<\/li>\n<li>GSAT-7A, India\u2019s military satellite, will facilitate a real-time sharing of maritime information with partners.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, India\u2019s maritime initiatives are not just focussed on strategic considerations but also generating cooperative synergies in the neighborhood.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"MHf9f9Nsu6\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/factly-news-articles-for-upsc-prelims-jan-072021\/\">Factly :-News Articles For UPSC Prelims| Jan 07,2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Factly :-News Articles For UPSC Prelims| Jan 07,2021&#8221; &#8212; Free UPSC IAS Preparation For Aspirants\" src=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/factly-news-articles-for-upsc-prelims-jan-072021\/embed\/#?secret=dA6S5GFN2s#?secret=MHf9f9Nsu6\" data-secret=\"MHf9f9Nsu6\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today Gs Paper 2\u00a0 NFHS-5 data suggest improvement on various social indicators\u00a0 Opportunity to push forward UK-India Free Trade Agreement\u202f\u00a0 Dilemma of Reservation and merit system GS-Paper 3\u00a0 Issue of privacy and Personal Data Protection Bill 2019\u00a0 How India is increasing its&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-january-7-2021\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 January 7, 2021<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":75337,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/website-banners-9-PM-DAILY-BRIEF-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C628&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704942249},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75827","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75827"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75827\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}