{"id":76293,"date":"2021-01-11T21:00:06","date_gmt":"2021-01-11T15:30:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=76293"},"modified":"2021-01-12T17:40:34","modified_gmt":"2021-01-12T12:10:34","slug":"9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-january-11-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-january-11-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 January 11, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Good evening dear reader<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\r\n<p><strong>About 9 PM Brief<\/strong>- With the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 PM Daily Current affairs for UPSC brief we intend<\/span> to simplify the newspaper reading experience. In 9PM briefs, we provide our reader with a summary of all the important articles and editorials from three important newspapers namely The Hindu, Indian Express, and Livemint. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage, and factual information from a Mains examination point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>About Factly<\/strong>- The Factly initiative covers all the daily news articles regarding Preliminary examination. This will be provided at the end of the 9 PM Brief.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dear Aspirants,<\/p>\r\n<p>We know for a fact that learning without evaluation is a wasted effort. Therefore, we request you to please go through both our initiatives i.e 9PM Briefs and Factly, then evaluate yourself through the 10PM Current Affairs Quiz.<\/p>\r\n<p>We plan to integrate all our free daily initiatives to comprehensively support your success journey.<br \/><strong>Happy Learning!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS- 2<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Re<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211;<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">imagining the school education in India<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the issues in ailing American democracy?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS \u2013 3<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">RBI\u2019s expansionary policy and challenge of the impossible trinity<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW145736548\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW145736548\">Efforts to increase Electric mobility in India<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Issue of<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0K-shaped recovery<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: How government budget can deal with it?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n<h4><a href=\"#note1\">FACTLY<\/a><\/h4>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/re-imagining-the-school-education-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Re<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211;<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">imagining the school education in India<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/pandemic-is-an-opportunity-to-reimagine-schools-as-places-for-community-learning-7141098\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Indian Express<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS-2<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector\/Services relating to Education.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">We need to reimagine our school education system to ensure quality education for all and to make India a knowledgeable super power.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Background:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Currently, the school as an institution has been criticised by many experts for\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">turning into caged jails,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0for being run like factories, functioning like corporate enterprises and for forcing the curriculum into the child.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In this backdrop, we will evaluate how the school system has been envisaged by great personalities,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">what are the drawbacks in our present schooling system and how we need to improve it to make school education inclusive, knowledgeable and as an institution for self-discovery.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">How the school system has been envisaged by great personalities?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Progressive thinkers have always envisioned \u201cfree schools\u201d for children. They always believed that school should be made to fit the child rather than the other way round. For example,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Leo Tolstoy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0(Russian Novelist) himself founded a school for the children of poor peasants at his home (Yasnaya\u00a0Polyana) without any strict schedule, homework or physical punishment.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Maria Montessori<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0(The first Italian woman to become a doctor) educational philosophy too emphasised on children\u2019s freedom and choice.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Rabindranath Tagore<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0in his classical tale\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Parrot\u2019s Training (Totaakahini)<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0has vehemently criticised the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">rote learning method<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0followed in the Indian school system.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the issues with government schools in India?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Government schools in India faces the following challenges,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Firstly,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0the<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0poor Infrastructure\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">in government schools leading to instances such as roof collapse.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Second,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">lack of effective governance and monitoring<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">. For example, Children\u2019s falling sick after consuming mid-day meals.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Third,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">there is a deep segregation of school systems in India, ignoring the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">1966 Kothari Education Commission\u2019s<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0recommendation for a common school system.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fourth,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0existing inequality among children\u2019s due to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">widening digital divide<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, the poor do not have access to mobiles, laptops and internet connectivity.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fifth, lack of political will\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">to strengthen the government schools in India which can be understood from the point that government is pushing towards privatisation by handing over land and managements to private organisations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What needs to be done?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">We need to improve on the following areas to provide a healthy education to our younger generation.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Firstly<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, we need to improve the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">schooling infrastructure<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0by providing Clean toilets, drinking water, library, a tinkering lab, and a playground.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Second<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, we need to think on having classes with\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">mixed age groups\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">instead of segregating children by age. This will allow children to learn at their own pace and make learning a fun activity. For example,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">David Horsburgh\u2019s Neel Bagh School in Kolar, Karnataka<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, Here, Children\u2019s could study Class V Telugu, Class III English and Class VII math all at the same time.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Third, we<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0need to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">identify the champions\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">from within the government system and use them as effective resource people. This will surely motivate many teachers to perform better and achieve excellence.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fourth, government<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0needs to cooperates with best NGO\u2019s like\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">PRATHAM\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">to bring in best practices from all over the country.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fifth<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, we need to envision a plan to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">bring tens of thousands of retired professionals<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0as teachers as they will bring years of practical experience to learning.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sixth,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0as we reimagine the school system, we must strive to bring more\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">neighbourhood learning spaces as places for community learning.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0This can be done by utilising community halls in large housing societies and by creating an \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">activities centre\u201d<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0in each housing society.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Seventh,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0we need to build a free archive for Indian languages such as\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">archive.org\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">where nearly<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">1.5 million people log in every day. The recent announcement by the government that it will buy bulk subscriptions of scientific journals to make them\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">accessible for all\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">is a step in the right direction.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lastly,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">we need to reimplement the success of Delhi government schools throughout India where government schools have become better than private ones by improving infrastructure (no stinky toilets), giving dignity to teachers,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">constituting school management committees\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">and by involving many good NGOs for\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">innovating learning methods<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">We need to reimagine our school as a place where children with different backgrounds class, caste, religions, abilities can study together and learn to care and empathise. They should also be trained to excel in\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">soft skills<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0such as cooperation, group work,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">compassion, human dignity and plurality of opinions.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/what-are-the-issues-in-ailing-american-democracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the issues in ailing American democracy? <\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/us-capitol-hill-protesters-siege-donald-trump-joe-biden-7141097\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Indian Express<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Gs2<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India\u2019s interests, Indian Diaspora.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0The rioting by the Donald Trump supporters in the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">US Capitol<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0seeking to stall President-elect Joe Biden\u2019s certification by Congress personifies the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">decaying Democracy in America<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Background<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Recently, a violent mob (loyal to President Donald Trump) in an attempt to overturn America\u2019s Presidential election stormed the U.S. Capitol and forced lawmakers into hiding.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">This act of violence indicates that\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">American democracy is critically ill<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the reasons to perceive that American democracy is under threat?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">According to the author, American democracy suffers from five disorders.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Firstly,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">the major headache of what the American democracy is witnessing is the breakdown in the culture of\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">bipartisanship<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0(opposing political parties find common ground through compromise) that was so intrinsic to American politics and kept the system working.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bipartisanship\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">in America has been replaced by\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">ideological chauvinism<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0built on a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">psychology of hate<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0that sees competitors as the enemy within. This mindset particularly is incapable of compromise, consensus and difficult to cure.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Second,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0is the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">rise of the plebiscitary leader<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0which is similar to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Max Weber\u2019s concept of charismatic personality<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0has created a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">partisan constituency<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A Plebiscitary leader speaks to his followers, directly, bypassing institutions, that are supposed to limit his powers.\u00a0 It is like every person voting on every policy-matter.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">For example, the ideologies built by Mr. Trump such as \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">make America great again<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201cdrain the swamp<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d, \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">lock her up<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d, \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">stop the steal<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d has exaggerated the feeling of grievance and have created a partisan constituency.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In this type of politics, institutions\u00a0becomes\u00a0weaker and locus of power shifts to\u00a0the\u00a0 political\u00a0leader.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Third,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">is the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">weakening of America\u2019s democratic institutions<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0by disrupting its checks and balances by Mr. Trump. For instance,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bureaucrats who have opposed his views, have been replaced immediately and media too was supressed by dubbing their reports as\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fake news<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0when they highlighted about his transgressions<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Institutions are the life and soul of a democracy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0as they check the excesses of power, socialise elected representatives into democratic politics, embody the rules and conventions to maintain balance between private and public interests. Any nation that subverts its institutions, do not thrive.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fourth,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0is the evolution of the political formula\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">of neo-liberalism<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0that has been used by capitalist elites to not just accumulate wealth but to make the non-elite feel that such accumulation is in the public interest.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">These Political formulas\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">gives legitimacy to elite rule<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0and American democracy today has become the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">textbook example<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0of the political formula of neo-liberalism.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fifth,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">is the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">increasing inequality in American society, which provided lifeblood to all of the above problems.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0With the help of charismatic leadership of Trump and use of vigilante<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0politics<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0the government was successful from diverting the citizens from the real issue of rising inequality in American society.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">vigilante politics:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0an organized effort outside legitimate channels to suppress or eradicate any threats to the status quo<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">American democracy will need to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">self-examine<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0itself and need to fix the loop holes that allowed a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">narcissistic leader<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, with\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">plebiscitary power<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0to expose the fragility of its institutions. It needs to reform itself to set a precedent to other nations such that this model of politics,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">the politics of hate<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0will not be entertained in any other country.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/rbis-expansionary-policy-and-challenge-of-the-impossible-trinity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">RBI\u2019s expansionary policy and challenge of the impossible trinity<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">RBI need to exit out of its expansionary policy and manage\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u2018the impossible trinity\u2019,\u00a0i.e.\u00a0Capital inflow, inflation and exchange rate.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Syllabus: GS-3, Economy<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=GDV85JITB.1&amp;imageview=0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Hindu<\/span><\/b><\/a><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Introduction<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">RBI adopted the extraordinary expansionary policy after Covid-19.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">It reduced policy interest rates aggressively to increase the liquidity in the market. It also provided targeted assistance to especially distressed sectors.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">But,\u00a0now RBI should consider an exit plan out of expansionary policy to avoid any loss in the macroeconomic terms.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In this process RBI might face the challenge of managing\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2018the impossible trinity\u2019,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">i.e.<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0 Keeping doors open for capital flows while simultaneously maintaining a stable exchange rate and restraining inflation.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the challenges in managing \u2018the impossible trinity\u2019<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Firstly,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0RBI need might face a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">dilemma of managing Inflation and support to economic recovery<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Inflation is above the RBI\u2019s target band for the past several months and is expected to remain above target for the next several months.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Whereas, MPC is not able to decide against expansionary monetary policy, out of concerns for growth and financial stability.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">MPC expects inflation to soften by itself due to bumper winter crop and\u00a0normalisation\u00a0of supply chain post-lockdown.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Second,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0RBI need to think about the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">savers, offered low interest rates at a time of high inflation.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Thus, value of their saving is getting reduced.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Third,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0RBI require to withdraw the \u2018excess\u2019 liquidity from the market.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"9\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Banks are routinely depositing trillions of rupees with the RBI is the evidence that the liquidity increase by RBI is not giving the intended results.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"9\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mispricing of risk of too much liquidity for too long can lead to financial crisis.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fourth,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">RBI might face the challenge of\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2018taper tantrums\u2019<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0at the later stage, which triggers the panic sell-off by the investors in the market.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"10\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Taper tantrum:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0In May 2013, U.S. Federal Reserve Chairmen announced that they were considering gradually tapering\/reducing \u2018quantitative easing\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"10\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Although the announcement should have been taken as signs of a robust recovery in the economy, instead panic sell-off started in the financial market.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"10\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Thus, RBI also need to frame their communication strategy in a way that it doesn\u2019t trigger the panic sell-off.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fifth,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0RBI will have to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">stop the rupee from appreciating<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, in the face of policy change.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Current Account Surplus this year together with massive capital flows has caused increase in flow of dollar in the system.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It is putting the upward pressure on the Rupee, which is already overvalued in the real terms.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">RBI has already absorbed this year, nearly $90 billion to prevent exchange rate appreciation and to maintain the competitiveness of the rupee.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Thus, RBI\u2019s ability to keep the Rupee value in control will be constrained by increasing inflation.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the upcoming days, managing the impossible trinity will be a tricky challenge for RBI given the condition of the economy after COVID-19.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/efforts-to-increase-electric-mobility-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW145736548\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW145736548\">Efforts to increase Electric mobility in India<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP BCX0 SCXW145736548\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/the-front-seat-in-electric-mobility\/article33544900.ece\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Hindu<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">GS3<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: Infrastructure: Energy, Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Significance of shifting towards electric vehicles for India and how the government has actively facilitated this process<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the significances of shifting to electric vehicles for India?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Transition to electric vehicles is important for India as not only it will save public money but also the environment.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"12\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The progression to electric vehicles\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">will make India sustainable<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0as it has the potential to reduce carbon emissions and build self-reliant domestic energy sector.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"12\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">it can\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">reduce dependence on crude oil<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0and help to save government money especially the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">FOREX<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">. For example,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">India is the<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">third-largest oil importer in the world\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">in terms of value. In 2018\u201319, India imported 228.6 MT of crude oil worth $120 billion.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"12\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Besides being an economically and environmentally viable option, India\u2019s transition to electric vehicles will also\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">allow us to improve our infrastructure<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"12\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">This will also have a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">significant impact on our foreign policy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0as our energy security dependence will shift from\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">West Asia to Latin America<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sourcing Lithium\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In India, In the last two years,<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0lithium imports have tripled from $384\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">mn<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0to $1.2 bn<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0and its demands are being\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">fulfilled by imports from China, Vietnam, and Hong Kong.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"13\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Latin America\u2019s famous\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">lithium triangle<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia, encompasses about 80% of the explored lithium of the world.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"13\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Currently, India\u2019s majority of trade from Latin America is concentrated on crude oil which includes 14%-20% of India\u2019s total crude oil imports which is likely to change towards Lithium and cobalt.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"13\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">government is looking to buy\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">overseas lithium reserves<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0to develop domestic battery manufacturing capacity.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"13\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In 2019, a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">joint venture agreement<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0was signed between three Indian\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">CPSE\u2019s<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0(National Aluminium Company (NALCO), Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL) and Mineral Exploration Corporation Ltd (MECL)) to form\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Khanij\u00a0Bidesh\u00a0India Limited (KABIL)<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0that has the objective to explore<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0strategic mineral assets\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">like lithium and cobalt abroad for commercial use and to meet the domestic requirement for battery manufacturers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What were the steps taken by government to facilitate the shift towards electric vehicles?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">With the vision to have 30% electric vehicles plying the roads by 2030 the government of India has taken up the following initiatives.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"14\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">First, under the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fame 2.0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, the government has allocated\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">$1.3 billion in incentives<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0for electric buses, three-wheelers and four-wheelers to be used for commercial purposes till 2022, and earmarked another $135 million for charging stations.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"14\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Second,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">NITI Aayog<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0has proposed for a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">$4.6 billion subsidy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0for battery makers to facilitate domestic manufacturing of\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lithium batteries<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"14\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Third, In September 2019, government gave its nod to set up a manufacturing unit in Gujarat by Japanese consortium (Suzuki Motor+ Denso+ Toshiba) to venture into the production of lithium-ion batteries and electrodes.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Indian government\u2019s\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">pre-emptive policy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0action will not only help the lithium and cobalt industry to grow domestically but also help India to chalk out a long-term solution to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">clean our cities<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, build new markets, and\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">skill people<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0for new jobs towards an \u2018<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Atmanirbhar\u00a0Bharat\u2019<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/issue-of-k-shaped-recovery-how-government-budget-can-deal-with-it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Issue of<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0K-shaped recovery<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: How government budget can deal with it?<\/span><\/b><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source-<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/india-economic-recovery-covid-pandemic-budget-gdp-growth-7141125\/\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Indian Express<\/span><\/b><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Syllabus-<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">GS-3: Indian Economy- Growth and development<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Synopsis<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">macro-<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">implication of K-shaped recovery and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">labour<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0market pressure<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0How government budget will deal with it?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Introduction-<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f\u202f<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">COVID\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Vs<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Economic Mobility<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202fIndia has broken the link between COVID virus proliferation and mobility earlier and more successfully.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India&#8217;s GDP estimates for 2020-21 show that the economy is expected to perform much better than earlier p<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rojections.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ho<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">wever,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the present economic recovery is very hopeful developments\u202fbut, juxtaposed with a stronger-than-expected recovery, is confirmation of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">labour<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0market scarring<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the present economic developments\u202fin India?\u202f<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Industrial sector<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f-\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The large firms have endured the crisis better and are gaining market share at the expense of smaller firms.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Although it will increase medium-term productivity, but it will also increase the dominance\/pricing power of big companies in the market.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Employment\u202f<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CMIE\u2019s [Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy]\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">labour<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0market survey reveals 18 million fewer employed (about 5 per cent of the total employed) compared to pre-pandemic levels.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">These labor market projections not incompatible with a sharper near-term rebound, as this recovery is led by capital and profits, not\u00a0labour\u00a0and wages<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Household sector<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; H<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ouseholds at the top of the pyramid are\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">seen their in<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">comes largely protected, and savings rates forced up during the lockdown, increasing \u2018fuel in the tank\u2019 to drive future consumption.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"21\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Meanwhile, households at the bottom are likely to have witnessed permanent hits to jobs and incomes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the implications of a K-shaped recovery?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">K-shaped recovery<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0happens when, following a recession,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">different sections of an economy rec<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">over at starkly different rates or magnitudes.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0The macro-implication of K-<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">shape recovery\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in India\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">are-<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Firstly, issue of Income-<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Upper-income households have benefitted from higher savings for two quarters<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Present recovery is led by these savings.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"11\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">But lower-income household<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">are facing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0loss of income in t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">he forms of jobs and wage cuts. T<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">his will be a recurring drag on demand, if the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">labour<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0market does not heal faster.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Second, the issue of Consumption<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To the extent that COVID has triggered an effective income transfer from the poor to the rich, this will be demand-<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hindering<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0because the poor have a higher marginal propensity to consume (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">i.e.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0they tend to spend (instead of saving)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">compared to higher marginal propensity to import among rich.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"14\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Consumption pattern<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211; Passenger vehicle registrations (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">proxying<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0upper-end consumption) have grown about 4 per cent since October while two-wheelers have contracted 15 per cent.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"15\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Third,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">increases the inequality<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">COVID-19\u202freduces competition or increases the\u202finequality of incomes and opportunities between rich and poor.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"14\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This could affect<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">trend growth in developing economies by hurting productivity and tightening political economy constraints.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How upcoming budget may help India to deal with K Shape recovery?\u202f<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Policy\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">needs to look beyond the next few quarters and anticipate the state of the macroeconomy post the sugar rush, for\u202fthe wellbeing of poor citizens and increase its income level.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"18\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">First,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Policy will look for the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">private sector to start re-investing\u202fand re-hiring<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and thereby sets the economy onto a more virtuous path. Barring that, the labor-market<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> hysteresis could sustain with the manufacturing and service sectors.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"14\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Private investment\u202frevival policy may\u202fbe implemented first for recovery of the private sector.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"18\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Second,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Ensure\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">exports should\u202fbenefit<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0from\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">increasing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0global growth\u202fas the world gets\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">vaccinated steadily.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"15\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Third,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0G<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">overnment may\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">invest in large physical and social<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f(health and education) infrastructure push. It may provide employment for who <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">los<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0job due to COVID. It may\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">reduce inequalities.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"15\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fo<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">u<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rth, a <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">reliable<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0medium-term fiscal plan<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202fwill be\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">key<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to anchoring the bond market and underscoring an adherence to macro stability.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"15\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lastly,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> the i<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">nvestment model\u202ffor <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">public investment must be balanced<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to push and financed by aggressive public asset sales<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\">9 PM for Preliminary examination<\/h3>\n<p><a id=\"note1\"><\/a>Click on \u201cFactly articles for January 11, 2021<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"e1lov8qR0L\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/factly-news-articles-for-upsc-prelims-jan-112021\/\">Factly :-News Articles For UPSC Prelims | Jan 11,2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Factly :-News Articles For UPSC Prelims | Jan 11,2021&#8221; &#8212; Free UPSC IAS Preparation For Aspirants\" src=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/factly-news-articles-for-upsc-prelims-jan-112021\/embed\/#?secret=oYu4PjFC3s#?secret=e1lov8qR0L\" data-secret=\"e1lov8qR0L\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today GS- 2\u00a0 Re&#8211;imagining the school education in India\u00a0 What are the issues in ailing American democracy?\u00a0 GS \u2013 3\u00a0 RBI\u2019s expansionary policy and challenge of the impossible trinity Efforts to increase Electric mobility in India Issue of\u00a0K-shaped recovery: How government budget&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-january-11-2021\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 January 11, 2021<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":75337,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/website-banners-9-PM-DAILY-BRIEF-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C628&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704941960},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76293"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76293\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}