{"id":78664,"date":"2021-01-27T19:05:53","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T13:35:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=78664"},"modified":"2021-01-27T19:05:53","modified_gmt":"2021-01-27T13:35:53","slug":"what-is-criminal-defamation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/what-is-criminal-defamation\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Criminal Defamation?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In India, criminal<strong> defamation<\/strong> falls under <strong>section 499 of the <\/strong>IPC. Defamation is defined as <strong>the communication of a false statement that harms the reputation of an individual person, group, product, business, government, religion, or nation.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Section 500 punishes the criminal defamation. The person who commits the crime can be punished with the imprisonment for a term up to two years, or fine, or both.<\/p>\n<p>Section 499 of IPC also mentions <strong>exceptions to criminal defamation<\/strong>. The exception includes <strong>\u201cimputation of truth\u201d<\/strong> required for the \u201cpublic good&#8221; and has to be published.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>Supreme Court of India<\/strong>, in the<strong><em>\u00a0Subramanian Swamy vs Union of India, 2014,<\/em>\u00a0upheld the constitutional validity<\/strong> of the IPC (Section 499 and 500). The court mentioned the fundamental right to live with dignity and reputation &#8220;cannot be ruined solely because another person can have his freedom\u201d.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Difference Between Civil and Criminal Defamation:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"50%\"><strong>Criminal Defamation<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"50%\"><strong>Civil Defamation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"50%\">It is specifically defined as an offence under <strong>section 499 of the Indian Penal Code<\/strong>\u00a0(IPC)<\/td>\n<td width=\"50%\">It is not defined specifically, and it is<strong> based on tort<\/strong> <strong>law<\/strong> (A wrongful act, that can be remedied in civil court, usually through compensation)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"50%\">Objective: It aims to <strong>punish a wrongdoer and <\/strong>also <strong>send a strong message<\/strong>\u00a0to others not to commit such acts.<\/td>\n<td width=\"50%\">Objective: It aims to provide compensation to redress <strong>the wrong-doing.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"50%\">The defamation has to be <strong>established beyond a reasonable doubt <\/strong>to punish him\/her under Section 499.<\/td>\n<td width=\"50%\"><strong>Defamation <\/strong>can be awarded\u00a0<strong>based on probabilities (the preponderance of the evidence).<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In India, criminal defamation falls under section 499 of the IPC. Defamation is defined as the communication of a false statement that harms the reputation of an individual person, group, product, business, government, religion, or nation. Section 500 punishes the criminal defamation. The person who commits the crime can be punished with the imprisonment for&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/what-is-criminal-defamation\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">What is Criminal Defamation?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[1435],"class_list":["post-78664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-public","tag-sec_5","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":9,"cached_at":""},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78664","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78664"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78664\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78664"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78664"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}