{"id":91097,"date":"2021-02-27T21:00:58","date_gmt":"2021-02-27T15:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=91097"},"modified":"2021-03-01T11:37:27","modified_gmt":"2021-03-01T06:07:27","slug":"9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-february-27-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-february-27-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 February 27, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader<\/p>\n<p>Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\r\n<p><strong>About 9 PM Brief<\/strong>- With the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 PM Daily Current affairs for UPSC brief we intend<\/span> to simplify the newspaper reading experience. In 9PM briefs, we provide our reader with a summary of all the important articles and editorials from three important newspapers namely The Hindu, Indian Express, and Livemint. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage, and factual information from a Mains examination point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>About Factly<\/strong>- The Factly initiative covers all the daily news articles regarding Preliminary examination. This will be provided at the end of the 9 PM Brief.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dear Aspirants,<\/p>\r\n<p>We know for a fact that learning without evaluation is a wasted effort. Therefore, we request you to please go through both our initiatives i.e 9PM Briefs and Factly, then evaluate yourself through the 10PM Current Affairs Quiz.<\/p>\r\n<p>We plan to integrate all our free daily initiatives to comprehensively support your success journey.<br \/><strong>Happy Learning!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<div data-tid=\"messageBodyContent\">\n\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/ceasefire-between-india-and-pakistan-prospects-of-strengthening-bilateral-relations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ceasefire between India and Pakistan: Prospects of strengthening bilateral relations<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/the-modi-doctrine-7206588\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">India and Pakistan have agreed to ceasefire along the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Line of Control<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">. But further strengthening of relations will depend upon the security improvement in the region.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Background<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Recently, India and Pakistan\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">agreed to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">a \u201cstrict observance\u201d of all agreements and cease-fire along the Line of Control<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0This statement was delivered by Director Generals of Military Operations of India and Pakistan.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">It has become possible due to a strong leadership in India. Also, in South Asia there is a chance of building \u201csecurity community\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">security community<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0is defined as a region where countries have agreed not to use violence to settle their conflicts.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Why this agreement is important<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">This development<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0is an important confidence-building measure<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">. It is very important because\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">the number of reported violations of the cease-fire across the L<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">oC have <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">increased d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">ramatically in the last year.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Due to<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0firing impacts\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">collateral damage<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0takes place on the both sides. T<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">he most vulnerable sections\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">is the one,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0living clo<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">se to the LoC and other sectors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">T<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">hey will be the immediate beneficiaries if the statement is implemented in letter and spirit.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Now there is a hope that<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0this move\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">will be the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0first step towards a gradual normal<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">isation of diplomatic relations. Relations deteriorated since the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the po<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">sitive signals for good bilateral relations of India and Pakistan<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pakistan<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u2019s leadership (including its army) <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">has now started to understand the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0futility of a con<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">frontationist course with India.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Also, it is in<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0interest\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">of India\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">to strengthen these tendencies<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0by offering incentives\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">to Pakistan\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">that include the promise of a robust engagement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">India has also proved that its\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Neighbourhood First<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0slogan is not an empty one.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Under<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202f<strong>Vaccine M<\/strong><\/span><strong>aitri<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>\u00a0initiative<\/strong>, India is providing free vaccine to its\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">neighbours<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">There is a possibility of signing\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> with Bangladesh.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">If bilateral relations improve, we would witness a SAARC summit in Islamabad\u202fwith participation of India in it.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the challenges?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Strengthening <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">connectivity and collaboration<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0between India and Pakistan totally depends upon the security commitments.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The big question now is, Would<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Pakistan avoid any interference in the Jammu and Kashmir? It would be the\u202ftest of Pakistan\u2019s strategic commitment to rebuilding bilateral relations.\u202f<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/education-ministry-circular-on-online-conferences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Education Ministry circular on online conferences<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=G818APAHI.1&amp;imageview=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Hindu\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Ministry of education\u2019s circular for regulating online conferences is not well thought out. It will discourage innovation.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What was the circular?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Recently, the education ministry released a circular to state-funded universities and educational institutions. A per this circular, these institutions and universities need <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">prior official approval\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">from the external Affairs ministry for hosting online \u201cinternational conferences and seminars online\u201d. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">It also prohibits\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">the conference topics related to the security of the state, border, the northeast, Jammu and Kashmir, <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ladakh<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, and broadly, any \u201cinternal matters\u201d.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Not only topics, but a background check of participants will be required.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Event organisers are required to give preference to technological tools and channels not owned or controlled by hostile countries or agencies.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The circular was issued in consultation with the External Affairs Ministry.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Indian Academy of Sciences protested against this circular and suggested a rethink on it. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Importance of virtual conferences<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>First,<\/strong> i<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">n a pandemic-hit phase, virtual conferences are the only viable channel for researchers to collaborate and discuss various issues with their global peers. The circular <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">created a new bureaucratic hurdle for scientists in public universities, colleges, and organizations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Second, <\/strong>v<span data-contrast=\"none\">irtual conferences were instrumental in the increased participation of thousands of Scientists. It increased <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">attendance at events by 80% in 2020 over 2019 for the Plant Biology Worldwide Summit and over 300% for the American Physical Society meeting.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Third,\u00a0<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\">these<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> conferences clear out many hurdles like\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">visas, expensive travel, and physical disability, and so on<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, for the scientists who don\u2019t have resources for that. Even researchers and students in the smallest towns can attend these conferences.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Fourth,\u00a0<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\">India has also made progress in<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202fpeer-reviewed publications due to these collaborations. It reduces the concerns of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">biopiracy<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202fby documenting natural assets.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Thus, online conferences are very beneficial for research and technology in India. The government should adopt a more liberal approach towards it.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/new-social-media-code-a-much-needed-one-for-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New Social Media Code &#8211; A much needed one for India<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/digital-space-social-media-regulation-govt-control-it-act-7206572\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus<\/strong>: GS-3: role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synopsis:<\/strong> The new Social media code is much-needed to ensure the online platforms are subject to law of the land<\/p>\n<p><strong>Introduction:<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recently, the government introduced the Information Technology (Guidelines for Intermediaries and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021. The rules have the potential to<a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/new-social-media-rules-an-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> transform the online media platforms<\/a> to fit into the Indian ecosystem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Few <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/govt-announces-new-social-media-rules-to-curb-its-misuse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">salient provisions in the New Social Media Code<\/a>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The OTT platforms together have to <strong>enact a code for self-regulation. <\/strong>Further, the OTT platforms also<strong> have to classify the content<\/strong>. So that, an underage minor will not be able to view the adult contents.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0The new social media code creates a<strong> three-tier grievance redressal mechanism<\/strong>.\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li><strong>First-tier<\/strong>: The <strong>publishers<\/strong> of social media have to <strong>appoint officers<\/strong> to redress their grievances. These officers have to ensure the time-bound disposal of grievances.<\/li>\n<li>A<strong> self-regulating body<\/strong> headed by a retired judge will be at the <strong>Second-tier<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The Central government <strong>oversight committee<\/strong> will be in the <strong>third tier<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0All the<strong> grievances have to be resolved within the framework of India\u2019s laws<\/strong>. Recently, <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/regulating-tech-giants-in-india-explained\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter disobeyed government rules<\/a>. After the implementation of New social media codes, social media have to obey the government&#8217;s directions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Why do India need New Social Media Code?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"synopsis\">The policy will <strong>create a level playing field<\/strong> in two important things.\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li class=\"synopsis\">Between the online news platforms and print media<\/li>\n<li class=\"synopsis\">Between the online news platforms and television news media.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The new social media rules will <strong>bring in the online news portals within the ambit of the code of ethics<\/strong>. It is a much-needed step considering the recklessness and irresponsibility shown by some of the digital media platforms.<\/li>\n<li>Further, the new social media rules <strong>aim to achieve oversight responsibilities.<\/strong> Like the film certification agency for Cinema, the social media platforms have to <strong>ensure a content classification.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The new social media codes will <strong>ensure freedom of speech to the artists.\u00a0<\/strong>This is achieved through <strong>self-regulation<\/strong>. Social media platforms can provide more freedom for artists to create content. Since they are the ones going to regulate it, they can classify the content of artists instead of banning them like other media (film, print, etc).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>What are the global lessons for digital media platforms in self-regulation?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Lessons from Australia:<\/strong> In Australia, Digital companies have drafted a code to deal with fake news and disinformation. This is called the <strong>Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation.\u00a0<\/strong>The code has few important provisions including the removal of content and disabling the content from the digital platforms.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lessons from the UK:<\/strong> The UK government has proposed an <strong>&#8220;Online Safety Bill\u201d.\u00a0<\/strong> The Bill aims to deal heavily on digital platforms that promote violence, child abuse, terrorist material, cyber bullying, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The New social media code has the necessary provisions to ensure free speech.\u00a0 At the same time, it will regulate and stop social media companies from violating the law of the land.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/draft-science-technology-and-innovation-policy-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Draft Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2020<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=G818APAHQ.1&amp;imageview=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus<\/strong>: GS-3: Science and Technology- developments<\/p>\n<p class=\"intro\"><strong>Synopsis<\/strong>: The draft Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 202o has the potential to transform the science and research in India.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Introduction:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The government introduced a draft Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2020 in January 2021. The draft policy aims to address the issues in the past four science and technology policies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Evolution of Science, Technology and Innovation Policies in India:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Right after independence, India realised the value of science in promoting the welfare of people. So far, India has released four policies in Science. These are:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>The Scientific Policy Resolution, 1958<\/strong>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>The policy aimed to lay the foundation of scientific temper and develop scientific enterprises around India.<\/li>\n<li>The policy led to the establishment of many research institutes and national laboratories across India.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Achievement of the policy<\/strong>: By the end of 1980, India developed advanced scientific infrastructure along with sufficient scientific personnel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Science and Technology Policy Statement, 1983<\/strong>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>This policy aimed to achieve <strong>technological self-reliance. <\/strong>The policy also aimed to use technology to benefit all sections of society.<\/li>\n<li>The policy aimed to strengthen the research in fields such as biotechnology and electronics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Science and Technology Policy, 2003<\/strong>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>This is the first Science Policy in India after the economic reforms in 1991.<\/li>\n<li>This policy aimed to increase investment in research and development. The policy brought India&#8217;s investment in research to 0.7% of GDP.<\/li>\n<li>During this policy only, the <strong>Scientific and Engineering Research Board<\/strong> (SERB) was<strong> established in India<\/strong> to promote research.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, 2013<\/strong>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>This policy <strong>brought innovation<\/strong> into the science and technology policy.<\/li>\n<li>The policy aimed to make India as one of the top five global scientific leaders in the world.<\/li>\n<li>India achieved this by the following steps\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>The Centre built partnerships with State governments,<\/li>\n<li>The government established more research and development centres throughout India<\/li>\n<li>India collaborated in international research projects such as <strong>the Neutrino research<\/strong>, <strong>Large Hadron Collider,<\/strong> etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>What are the outcomes of these four scientific policies?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The US-based National Science Foundation released a report. The report highlighted the outcomes of the policies. They are<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Achievement of Policies:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>India was the third-largest publisher of peer-reviewed science and engineering journal articles and conference papers.<\/li>\n<li>India achieved this milestone at the pace of a 10.73% annual growth rate from 2008. This is higher than the growth rate of China (7.81%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Where do the policies lack?<\/strong>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>India\u2019s index score was very low in Highly Cited Articles of the world. India has a score of 0.7. This is lower than the US, China and the EU.<\/li>\n<li>India\u2019s <strong>Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&amp;D (GERD) is only 0.6% of GDP<\/strong>. This is very low as compared to the U.S. and China (their GERD is greater than 2%).<\/li>\n<li>According to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) report, <strong>India only filed 2053 patents in 2019<\/strong>. On the other hand, China filed 58,990 patents and the US filed 57,840 patents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>How India aimed to tackle the drawbacks?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The government aimed to tackle the drawbacks holistically by releasing a new science and technology policy. The government released the <strong>draft of the fifth Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2020 (STIP 2020)<\/strong> in January 2021\u00a0<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Salient provisions of <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/dst-releases-draft-5th-national-science-technology-and-innovation-policy-for-public-consultation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Draft Science, Technology and Innovation Policy<\/a> 2020:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The draft STIP <strong>aims to<\/strong> <strong>double the following things every 5 years.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li>Number of full-time equivalent (FTE) researchers<\/li>\n<li>Private sector contribution to the GERD<\/li>\n<li>Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&amp;D (GERD)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Apart from that the draft Science, Technology and Innovation Policy also aim to <strong>get India into the top three scientific superpowers of the world within a decade<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The draft STIP 2020 also <strong>defined the Open Science Framework.\u00a0<\/strong>The framework will <strong>provide pan India access to all scientific journals<\/strong>. This will be achieved by creating a <strong>\u201cone nation, one subscription&#8221;.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The draft Science, Technology and Innovation Policy will <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/sti-policy-2020-emphasising-self-reliance-in-science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>improve Private sector participation<\/strong><\/a>. This will be achieved by a strategy.<br \/>\nUnder it, the State governments will fund the research. The Private will participate in it. The government will provide fiscal incentives. Further, the government will also support innovation in the MSME sector.<\/li>\n<li>The other focus areas of the draft Science, Technology and Innovation Policy are:\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>The provision for <strong>supporting indigenous knowledge<\/strong> systems in India<\/li>\n<li>The draft STIP provide steps to<strong> improve artificial intelligence <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The policy will encourage the <strong>participation of Indian scientific diaspora<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The policy will set up a <strong>special fund for research<\/strong> known as the <strong>strategic technology development fund.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The draft Science, Technology and Innovation Policy looks good on paper and also has the potential to transform the entire science, technology and innovation in India. But the actual results will occur only if the<strong> government fulfil its role as the primary funder of research and encourage the private sector<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/neps-approach-to-effective-education-for-children\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NEP&#8217;s Approach to Effective Education for Children<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/nep-2020-national-education-policy-child-centred-pedagogy-7204991\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">click here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Syllabus: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GS 2<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Synopsis: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The end-of-the-year examination results do not reflect the full potential or uniqueness of a child. Thus, NEP attempts to look beyond examinations and emphasizes child-centered pedagogy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gijubhai Badheka, an educationist who helped introduce Montessori methods to India, wrote in his book that the school culture in India considers several things of children\u2019s interest. It ranges from insects to stars which is irrelevant to classroom study.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Teachers teach students from the textbook to prepare them for examination instead of developing the child\u2019s curiosity. The school does not provide conditions in which the teacher could focus on the overall development of children.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examinations should not be the final goal of a rewarding learning experience as it only rewards the power of memorisation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exams are one of the multiple milestones to be crossed by a child on her path to holistic growth and development.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What does the new education policy focus on instead of examinations?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The National Education Policy, 2020, uses two interesting phrases: \u201cNo hard separations\u201d and \u201celimination of silos\u201d in the context of learning.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>First<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, India is now working on implementing the policy. It <\/span><b>is important to have an understanding of these phrases and their implications.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, NEP 2020 requires the achievement of common standards for high-quality education in all schools. It means removing differences between public and private schools through the setting up of a State Standard-Setting Authority (SSSA).\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It requires a variety of learning from pre-school to higher education.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Second, the removal of hard separations would include removing the barrier of language. For that, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the mother tongue\/language spoken by the child shall be the medium to understand the subjects, especially in the foundational years.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Third, teaching and schooling should be activity-based<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and experiential. It helps in cognitive growth through story-telling, art, and craft, sports, and theatre.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Fourth, classrooms need to discard the typical seating plan. At present<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> all the children sit, facing the board. A flexible seating plan which has students sitting in a circle or in groups shall be introduced.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Fifth, schools will need to embrace a variety of teaching<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and learning materials. For that, methods such as toys, puppets, magazines, worksheets, comic and storybooks, nature walks, visits to local crafts, etc. are useful.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Last, assessment should only be viewed as a means of learning. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NEP would help in including more in depth knowledge with fewer curriculums, less content but more proficiency, less textbooks but more diverse learning, less stress but more joy, less assessment by the teacher but more self and peer evaluation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The way forward<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A lot of research shows that a supportive environment is one in which a child is constantly learning to collaborate, think critically, solve problems, be creative and articulate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NEP 2020 wants to break the belief that taking exams on the basis of what is written in textbooks is sufficient. Examination results do not reflect the full potential or uniqueness of a child.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"g8zy2KXT1N\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/factly-news-articles-for-upsc-prelims-feb-27-2021\/\">Factly :-News Articles For UPSC Prelims | Feb 27, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Factly :-News Articles For UPSC Prelims | Feb 27, 2021&#8221; &#8212; Free UPSC IAS Preparation For Aspirants\" src=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/factly-news-articles-for-upsc-prelims-feb-27-2021\/embed\/#?secret=aCMcML9cT4#?secret=g8zy2KXT1N\" data-secret=\"g8zy2KXT1N\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today Ceasefire between India and Pakistan: Prospects of strengthening bilateral relations Source: Indian Express Synopsis:\u00a0India and Pakistan have agreed to ceasefire along the\u00a0Line of Control. But further strengthening of relations will depend upon the security improvement in the region.\u00a0 Background Recently, India&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-february-27-2021\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 February 27, 2021<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":80068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/9-PM-Brief-1-e1615452440806.png?fit=600%2C335&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704941817},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91097"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91097\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}