{"id":91100,"date":"2021-02-27T19:36:14","date_gmt":"2021-02-27T14:06:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=91100"},"modified":"2021-03-26T18:26:34","modified_gmt":"2021-03-26T12:56:34","slug":"new-it-rules-for-social-media-and-ott-platforms-explained-pointwise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/new-it-rules-for-social-media-and-ott-platforms-explained-pointwise\/","title":{"rendered":"New IT Rules for Social Media and OTT platforms &#8211; Explained Pointwise"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5><b>Introduction<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Government of India has released the<strong> Information Technology (Guidelines for Intermediaries and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021<\/strong>. It aims to regulate social media, digital news media, and Over-The-Top (OTT) content providers. The rules were jointly announced by the Minister for Information Technology and the Minister for Information and Broadcasting. Despite being praised by few experts as revolutionary, it also has certain challenges to be addressed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>Need for the New IT Rules 2021<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>India at present doesn&#8217;t have any specific rules to govern the digital news media and OTT platforms. At present these are governed under Section 79 of the IT Act. But it was not able to effectively control the misuse of data over social media and digital platforms. The reasons were,<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Non-liability of Intermediary:<\/strong>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>Section 69 of the IT Act gives power to the government to issue directions \u201cto intercept, decrypt or monitor\u2026any information generated, transmitted, received or stored\u201d in any digital equipment.<\/li>\n<li>The Intermediaries are required to preserve and retain specified information. Further, they have to obey the directions issued by the government from time to time.<\/li>\n<li>By adhering to government rules, they will <strong>get protected from legal action for any user-generated content under Section 79<\/strong>.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Section 79 states that an intermediary (Digital media and OTTs) shall not be liable for any third party information, data, or communication<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further, the<strong> user base of big companies<\/strong> has <strong>expanded rapidly. <\/strong>Currently there are over 53 crore WhatsApp users, over 44.8 Crore YouTube users and 41 Crore Facebook users.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li>The government <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/self-regulatory-toolkit-by-otts-for-implementation-of-self-regulation-codes-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rejected the Self-regulatory toolkit submitted by 17 OTT Platforms<\/a>. The government rejected them for reasons like lack of independent third-party monitoring, the <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/toolkit-conspiracy-case-and-its-imapct-on-india-explained-pointwise\/#kit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tool-kit<\/a> did not have a well-defined Code of Ethics, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>This induced the government to come up with new rules under the IT Act, 2000. The IT Rules 2011 got replaced with the new <b>IT Rules 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<h5><b>Salient provisions of IT Rules 2021<\/b><\/h5>\n<p>The new IT rules have been<a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/new-it-rules-for-social-media-and-ott-platforms-explained-pointwise\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> framed to address the Social Media<\/a>, Digital Media and OTT platforms in a specific manner.<\/p>\n<h6><b>New IT Rules related to Social Media:<\/b><\/h6>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social media companies are <strong>prohibited from hosting or publishing any unlawful information<\/strong>. These information are \u201cin relation to the interest of the sovereignty and integrity of India, public order, friendly relations with foreign countries, etc. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>If such information is hosted or published the government can take down such information within 24 hours<\/strong>. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The user will be <\/span><b>given a notice<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> before his\/her content is taken down.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government can direct messaging platforms to<strong> tie the identity of the user with the message transmitted<\/strong> by him\/her for strengthening <\/span><b>traceability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IT rules 2021 call for social media companies to <strong>publish a monthly compliance report<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social media platforms are classified into <\/span><b>two categories<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Social media intermediaries<\/strong> &#8211; Platforms that have a limited user base.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Significant social media intermediaries<\/strong> &#8211; These are the platforms with a large user base.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <strong>significant social media intermediaries<\/strong> have to follow few additional measures like:<\/span>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These platforms should <strong>have a physical contact address<\/strong> in India.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Appointing a Chief Compliance Officer<\/strong>, <strong>Nodal Contact Person, and a Resident Grievance Officer in India<\/strong>. All of them should be Indian Residents.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nodal Contact Person will do 24\u00d77 coordination with law enforcement agencies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Resident Grievance Officer must acknowledge the complaint within 24 hours, and resolve it within 15 days of receipt.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h6><b>New IT Rules related to Digital media and OTT <\/b><b>platforms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A<strong> Code of Ethics has been prescribed<\/strong> for OTT platforms and digital media entities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The streaming platforms (Like Netflix and Amazon Prime) will have to self-classify content on five age-based categories: U (universal), 7+, 13+, 16+, and A (adult).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They need to have suitable <\/span><b>parental locks <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for 13+ content and a robust <\/span><b>age verification system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for accessing adult content.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Publishers of news<\/strong> on digital media will have to observe the norms of <strong>journalistic conduct of the Press Council of India<\/strong> and the <strong>Programme Code under the Cable Television Networks Regulation Act<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <strong>three-level grievance redressal mechanism<\/strong> has also been established:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Level-I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>Self-regulation by the publishers<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Level-II: Self-regulating body<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This body shall be headed by a retired judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court or independent eminent person.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Level-III: Oversight mechanism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I&amp;B Ministry will formulate an oversight mechanism and establish an inter-departmental committee for hearing grievances. This body will also have <strong>censorship and blocking powers<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>Advantages of the new IT Rules 2021<\/b><\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It will ensure that social media platforms have to keep <\/span><b>b<a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/new-social-media-code-a-much-needed-one-for-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">etter checks and balances <\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">over their platforms. This will ensure the data is not shared unlawfully. This will ensure adherence to the<\/span><b> rule of law.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The new IT rules enhance government regulation over social and digital media. This will <\/span><b>enhance accountability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and prevent arbitrary actions by digital platforms like <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/regulating-tech-giants-in-india-explained\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the recent one by Twitter<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The new IT rules will lead to the <\/span><b>empowerment of citizens. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since there is a mechanism for redressal and timely resolution of their grievances.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Disinformation (Fake and wrong information)<\/strong><\/span><b>\u00a0of data<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be controlled. Since there is proper regulatory mechanism, disinformation can be removed easily<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This will reduce instances of fake news, violence, the spread of defamatory content and disruption of public order.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giving due notice before removing content will <strong>prevent arbitrary removal<\/strong> of content.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he imposition of print and electronic code of conduct on digital news media would ensure a<\/span><b style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> level playing field <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for every media.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It will <strong>strengthen India\u2019s position as a leader in digital policy<\/strong> and technological innovation. For example, China, with its larger digital population, has not been able to provide a fair and open local market for global companies in the digital space due to absence of proper IT Rules and Regulation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5><b>Criticisms of the new IT Rules 2021<\/b><\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/new-social-media-rules-an-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New IT rules were <\/a><\/span><b style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not put for public consultation. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Especially those related to regulations of online news portals and video streaming platforms. For example, IAMAI(Internet and Mobile Association of India) was not consulted on the proposed OTT guidelines.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he rules allow the government to <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/critical-analysis-of-new-it-rules-2021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>enforce a traceability mechanism<\/strong><\/a>. This simply means a threat to the <\/span><b style=\"font-weight: 400;\">user\u2019s privacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It will hamper the end-to-end encryption of platforms like WhatsApp.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the new rules <\/span><b>curtail free speech<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on digital platforms, there will be a sense of fear among the users.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IT Act doesn\u2019t cover content authors and creators like news media. But rules have included them. \u00a0This <strong>provides discretionary powers to the government<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The proposed oversight mechanism<strong> doesn\u2019t have any legislative backing<\/strong> which is generally given to other regulators.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act provides powers to TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India). Under the rules, the regulation will be done by a body composed of bureaucrats who might perform discretionary censorship thereby <\/span><b>enhancing political control.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5><b>Suggestions for smooth implementation of new IT rules<\/b><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government should <strong>consult with appropriate stakeholders. <\/strong>This will improve the inclusivity and acceptability of the new IT rules.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The focus should be on <strong>strengthening citizen\u2019s rights<\/strong> by learning from successful global examples like OFCOM (OFCOM is a communication regulator in the UK).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government must have a mindset of <strong>flexibility and agility<\/strong> to support the rules adequately.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>OTT platforms<\/strong> while regulating the content have to <strong>strike a balance.<\/strong> Especially <strong>between the diverse Indian society and the beliefs of viewers<\/strong> in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The enactment of new IT rules 2021 is a watershed moment that will transform the digital information ecology in India. A fine balance between freedom of speech and the need to curb the misuse in digital platforms have to be maintained. Both the government and the digital platforms will have to work together and fulfill this responsibility.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction The Government of India has released the Information Technology (Guidelines for Intermediaries and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021. It aims to regulate social media, digital news media, and Over-The-Top (OTT) content providers. The rules were jointly announced by the Minister for Information Technology and the Minister for Information and Broadcasting. Despite being praised&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/new-it-rules-for-social-media-and-ott-platforms-explained-pointwise\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">New IT Rules for Social Media and OTT platforms &#8211; Explained Pointwise<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[130,1243,9],"tags":[1293,8000],"class_list":["post-91100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-7-pm","category-act-and-schemes-new","category-public","tag-sec_1","tag-security_issues","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":4,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1698384778},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91100"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91100\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}