Topic 1: Indian Constitution\u2014historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts<\/strong>: Historical Background \u2013 Govt of India Act 1919 \u2013 GoI Act 1935 \u2013 Constituent Assembly \u2013 Criticisms \u2013 Making of Constitution \u2013 Preamble \u2013 Part of Constitution or Not \u2013Amenability \u2013 Objective Resolution \u2013 Salient Features \u2013 Sovereign – Secular Socialist \u2013 Democratic \u2013 republic \u2013 Meaning & Significance \u2013 A K Gopalana Case \u2013 Golaknath Case \u2013 Citizenship \u2013 Amendment Act \u2013 Fundamental Rights \u2013 Right to Life \u2013 Directive Principles of State Policy \u2013 DPSP vs FR – Fundamental Duties – Emergency Provisions – Political Parties – Federal Feature \u2013 Union vs Federation – Fiscal federalism – Parliamentary Features \u2013 Parliamentary vs Presidential System – Unitary Features – Unique features – Amendments to Constitution \u2013 Constitutional Provisions \u2013Amenability of Fundamental Rights \u2013 Criticism of Amendment procedure – Significant Amendment to constitution – 1st, 7th, 24th, 25th, 42nd, 44th, 52nd, 61st, 65th, 69th, 73rd, 74th, 77th, 84th, 86th, 87th, 89th, 90th- 99- 100th – 101-102 -103th etc. Significant Provisions – Article 370 \u2013 repeal, Article 371 and 371A, Special Provision for SC\/ST (and now OBCs too) – Administration of UTs – Article 239, 239A, 239AA and 239AB \u2013 Basic Structure Doctrine \u2013 Keshvananda Bharathi \u2013 Doctrine of Constitutional Morality – Uniform Civil Code<\/p>\n Topic 2: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts<\/strong>: Union and the States – Functions of Union – Functions of the States – Topic 3: Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts<\/strong>: Evolution of Doctrine of separation of Power – Different Approaches Topic 4: Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts:<\/strong> Provision of Constitution & Its Sources \u2013 Is it an original document – Comparison of Indian Constitution with other countries \u2013 American – British – Canada \u2013 Parliamentary vs Prime Ministerial System \u2013 Executive presidency System of Sri Lanka \u2013 New Constitution of Nepal – Challenges of presidential \u201ctype\u201d elections in Parliamentary System<\/p>\n Topic 5: Parliament and State legislatures\u2014structure, functioning – conduct of business – powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts:<\/strong> Parliament \u2013 Organization \u2013 Role of Speaker \u2013 Question of Neutrality \u2013 Parliamentary Disruption Index \u2013 Devices of parliamentary proceedings \u2013 Budget in Parliament \u2013 Joint sitting of two houses \u2013 Committees of Parliament \u2013 Public Accounts Committee \u2013 Ethics Committee – Parliamentary Privileges \u2013 Anti Defection Law \u2013 Issue of Disqualification \u2013 Office of Profit \u2013 Anti Defection \u2013 Politicization of Governor \u2013 State vs UT \u2013 UT with Legislative Assembly \u2013 LG vs CM\u2019s role in UTs \u2013 Relevance of Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Council \u2013 Article 1-4 .<\/p>\n Topic 6: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary\u2014 Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal\/informal associations and their role in the Polity.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts:<\/strong> Cabinet Committee System \u2013 NJAC \u2013 Removal of Judges \u2013 Challenges \u2013 Judicial Accountability \u2013 Judicial Independence \u2013 \u201cFrom noisy journalists and independent judges to noisy judges and independent journalists\u201d \u2013 Judicial Pendency \u2013 Reforms \u2013 Virtual Courts – Gram Nyayalaya – Judicial Review -Judicial Activism – Judicial Appointments – Collegium System – Judicial Accountability – e-courts \u2013 Regional Benches \u2013 National Court of Appeal – Constitutional Courts \u2013 Political Parties \u2013 Pressure Groups \u2013 Khap Panchayats \u2013 Farmer Organizations \u2013 Role of FICCI \u2013 CII etc.<\/p>\n Topic 7: Salient features of the Representation of People\u2019s Act.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts:<\/strong> Representation of People\u2019s Act 1950 and 1951 \u2013 Disqualification \u2013 Lily Thomas Case \u2013 Jan Chowkidar Case \u2013 Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR ) Case \u2013 State Funding of Elections \u2013 Simultaneous Elections \u2013 Political Funding – Electoral Bonds \u2013 Criminalization of Politics \u2013 EVM – Electoral Reforms by Election Commission \u2013 First Past the Post vs Proportional Representation System.<\/p>\n Topic 8: Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and <\/strong>responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies. <\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts<\/strong>: Constitutional Bodies \u2013 Election Commission \u2013 Disqualification of MP \/MLAs – UPSC, SPSC, CAG \u2013 Article 149 – Criticisms \u2013 Political Fallouts of Audit Reports – Finance Commission – Article 280 \u2013 Mandate \u2013 Issues arising out of it – National Commission for Schedule Castes\/ Schedule Tribe \/ Backward Classes.<\/p>\n Topic 9: Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts:<\/strong> Statutory Bodies – National Human Rights Commission \u2013 Analysis – Topic 10: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors <\/strong>and issues arising out of their design and implementation.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts:<\/strong> – Development of critical Infrastructure \u2013 rural roads, sanitation – availability of safe drinking water – skill development – Social security – Urban Infrastructure \u2013 People\u2019s participation in Governance \u2013 Reasons for failure \u2013 Neo Liberal Paradigm of Development \u2013 Multilevel Development Planning \u2013 Jal Shakti Abhiyan \u2013 WASH \u2013 Water Sanitation and Hygiene.<\/p>\n Topic 11: Development processes and the development industry \u2014the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other <\/strong>stakeholders.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts:<\/strong> Stakeholders in Development process – Role of NGOs, Civil Society, Self Help Groups \u2013 Microfinance \u2013 Role in Development & Skill Development \u2013Kudumbashree model – NGO Funding \u2013 FCRA & NGOs – DAV College Trust Case \u2013 NGO under RTI Ambit \u2013 Charitable Organizations \u2013 Need for cooperation among various service sectors.<\/p>\n Topic 12: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts:<\/strong> Critical Performance of Govt schemes \u2013 Design & Implementation \u2013 Topic 13: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector\/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts:<\/strong> Issues related with Health \u2013 Public Health \u2013 Pubic vs Private Healthcare \u2013 Ayushman Bharat \u2013 PMJAY \u2013 Privatization of healthcare \u2013 Insurance based Healthcare – Out of pocket expenditure \u2013 Amartya Sen on Health & Education – Doctor Population ratio \u2013 Use of digital technology in providing health services \u2013 Education \u2013 Primary , Secondary , Higher Education \u2013 National Education Policy \u2013 National Medical Commission – Foreign Investment in Education \u2013 Food Budget Squeezing – Issues related in learning outcomes, Mid-Day Meal Scheme, Elementary Education, Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan \u2013 SSA – Skill Development \u2013 Challenges – Education and employability \u2013 Demographic Dividend vs Demographic Disaster<\/p>\n Topic 14: Issues relating to poverty and hunger.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts:<\/strong> Poverty \u2013 Causes \u2013 Political \u2013 Social \u2013 Economic \u2013 Geographical \u2013 Cultural \u2013 International \u2013 Role of Neo Liberal Policies \u2013 Marxist Perspective – Poverty Alleviation \u2013 Employment generation – Access to education and Health Services – Evolution of Poverty Line Measurement, Relation between Poverty, Hunger, Malnutrition – Government Measures for Eradication of Poverty and Hunger, Issues in them, Possible Solutions \u2013 Food Nutrition \u2013 Nutrition Security \u2013 M S Swaminathan\u2019s Views.<\/p>\n Topic 15: Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, egovernance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizen charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts<\/strong>: Governance – Concept-Evolution in India, Important aspects \u2013Transparency \u2013Accountability – Current Scenario -Measures by Central and State Government \u2013 Good Governance – E-governance – Steps taken by Government for e-governance penetration – limitation of e-governance- Direct Benefit Transfer \u2013 Lokpal \u2013 Ease of Doing Business \u2013 Corruption perception \u2013 Citizen Charter \u2013 Social Audit \u2013 Corporate Governance – Whistleblower Protection Act \u2013 Media \u2013 Independence \u2013 Corporate Ownership of Media \u2013 Paid News \u2013 Yellow Journalism \u2013 Fake News \u2013 Challenge to Good Governance – Prevention of Corruption in Civil Service<\/p>\n Topic 16: Role of civil services in a democracy.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts:<\/strong> Civil Service \u2013 Historical Background \u2013 Colonial Hangover \u2013 Role in Development \u2013 Failure at Poverty Alleviation \u2013 Committed Bureaucracy \u2013 Reforms \u2013 Corruption in Civil Service \u2013 Article 311<\/p>\n Topic 17: India and its neighborhood- relations.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts:<\/strong> Prevention of Corruption in Civil Service – Nehru\u2019s Foreign policy \u2013 Non Aligned Movement \u2013 Panchsheel \u2013 Idealism – Indira Gandhi [1966 – 1984] \u2013 Era of Realism \u2013 India\u2019s Monroe Doctrine – Policy of Coalition Era[ 1985-2003] \u2013 Gujaral Doctrine \u2013 Neighbourhood first policy, Look East to Act East policy, Connect Central Asia policy \u2013 Look West Policy \u2013 SAGAR – India\u2019s Relationship with its neighboring countries \u2013 Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Nepal, China, Sri-Lanka, Maldives, Myanmar, Bangladesh \u2013 Afghan Peace Process \u2013 Increasing Role of Foreign Policy in Domestic Politics \u2013 India\u2019s Soft and Hard Power \u2013 India West Asia Relations \u2013 Indian Ocean Region \u2013 Challenges and Opportunities<\/p>\n Topic 18: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and\/or affecting India\u2019s interests.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts: SAARC vs BIMSTEC, BRICS, Afro-India Relations, SCO, ASEAN, Resurgence of Non-Aligned Movement \u2013 Connectivity Initiatives – Ashgabat Agreement \u2013 Chabahar \u2013Peace Pipeline \u2013Arctic Council \u2013 Non Proliferation Policy – Wassenar Agreement, Australian Group, MTCR, NSG, NPT \u2013 FIPIC Countries \u2013 CMLV Countries and India – Arctic Council<\/p>\n Topic 19: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India\u2019s interests, Indian diaspora.<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts \u2013 USA \u2013 China Trade War, RCEP – FTA negotiations, Impact of Free Trade – Indian diaspora \u2013 old diaspora \u2013 new diaspora \u2013 oil diaspora \u2013 Contribution & Challenges \u2013 String of Pearls \u2013 South China Sea \u2013 Energy Diplomacy \u2013 South East Asian Diaspora \u2013 Belt and Road Initiative \u2013 CPEC \u2013 Indo Pacific Region \u2013 Quad \u2013 USA India Relations \u2013 Defense \u2013 Trade – Diplomatic Relations \u2013 Brexit and India \u2013 India \u2013 Japan – Hikaku San Gensoku Policy \u2013 South -South Cooperation \u2013 Global South<\/p>\n Topic 20: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate<\/strong><\/p>\n Key concepts \u2013 UN \u2013 UNSC Reforms \u2013 International Aid & Funding Agencies – Bretton Woods Institutions and India – WTO \u2013 Role & Relevance – World bank \u2013 Criticisms – IMF, AIIB, Indian Ocean Rim Association \u2013- UNESCO \u2013 WTO \u2013 Challenges, Role \u2013 Funding Issues.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" GOVERNANCE, CONSTITUTION, POLITY, SOCIAL JUSTICE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. Topic 1: Indian Constitution\u2014historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure. Key concepts: Historical Background \u2013 Govt of India Act 1919 \u2013 GoI Act 1935 \u2013 Constituent Assembly \u2013 Criticisms \u2013 Making of Constitution \u2013 Preamble \u2013 Part of Constitution or Not \u2013Amenability \u2013 Objective… Continue reading General Studies Paper 2 \u2013 Keywords<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10310,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-92740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":15,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1698475644},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10310"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92740"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92740\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=92740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=92740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nResponsibilities of the Union – Responsibilities of the States \u2013 Article 356 \u2013 Article \u2013 131 \u2013 Article 256 \u2013 Article 365 \u2013 Schedule 7 Issues \u2013 Schedule 5 & 6 Issues \u2013 Fiscal Federalism \u2013 GST \u2013 Finance Commission – American Federalism vs Canadian Federalism – Evolution of Indian Federalism – Features of Indian Federalism, Issues of Centre – State Relations, Doctrine of Harmonious Construction & Federal Supremacy – Issues of Inter State Relations \u2013 Inter State River Water Disputes – Devolution of Power and finances – Provisions of 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, Devolution of Powers to PRI, Devolution of Finances to PRI, Devolution of Powers to ULB, Devolution of Finances to ULB \u2013 Challenges \u2013 State
\nFinance Commission.<\/p>\n
\nSeparation of Power vs Division of Power – -Constitutional provisions – Union List \u2013
\nConcurrent List – Judicial Pronouncement \u2013 Article 131- Judicial Activism – Dispute redressal Mechanism \u2013 Administrative Tribunals- fast track Courts \u2013 Lok Adalats \u2013 5th Schedule \u2013 Tribal Administration Related Provisions<\/p>\n
\nCriticisms \u2013 Criteria of Appointment of Chairman \u2013 Retirement Home for Pliable Judges – State Human Rights Commission, Central Information Commission \u2013 Amendments to RTI Act \u2013 State Information Commission, Central Vigilance Officer \u2013 Need for Constitutional Status – Lokpal and Lokayuktas \u2013 Issues and Challenges – National Commission for Minorities, National Commission for Women, National Commission for protection of Children Rights \u2013 Political Bias & Neutrality Issue \u2013 Weapon against opposition ruled states \u2013 IRDA \u2013 SEBI – Competition Commission of India \u2013 Challenges in Working \u2013Article 323-A \/ 323 B \u2013 need for
\nseparation of regulatory function and participation – National Green Tribunal \u2013 Criticisms \u2013 Tribunalisation of Justice – Issue of Competition Appellate Tribunal, CAT \u2013 Issues in functioning – Airport Authority Appellate Tribunal, – Telecom Dispute Settlement and Appellate Tribunal \u2013 Consumer Protection Act<\/p>\n
\nCommissions for Vulnerable Sections – Protection of interest of vulnerable sections through \u2013 constitutional provisions, legislation, executive and Judiciary
\nWelfare schemes for Vulnerable sections – children, Women, Old Age, Divyang people, Schedule Caste, Scheduled Tribe, Poor migrants, tribals – Transgender \u2013 Surrogacy – Refugees – Constitutional provisions for the same<\/p>\n