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WTO: diverse views fuel bleak prospect for outcomes
Context
India, China, South Africa lead developing nations in seeking commitment to ‘multilateralism, development agenda’
Backdrop
The World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) Buenos Aires meeting commenced amid concerns on support for anti-globalisation, protectionism and bilateralism
Expectations of the majority member nations
Reaffirming commitment to multilateralism and rules-based trading system as well as negotiations with development agenda at the centre
But any resolution doubtful
However, due to the divergent views of the WTO members on several issues, including the outstanding ones in the ongoing Doha Round negotiations, there is little expectation that the outcome of the December 10-13 Ministerial Conference would be substantial
No new issues
The Doha Round had begun in Doha in 2001 with the ‘development agenda’ — to improve trading prospects of developing nations — at the heart of the talks
Developed countries want to discuss: 21st Century Trade Issues
However, countries, mostly from the developed world, want what they call the ‘21st century trade issues’ — such as e-commerce, investment facilitation, matters relating to small firms and gender equality — to be discussed for rule-making to enhance the relevance of the WTO.
Developing countries against introduction of such new issues
India, and several countries mainly from the developing world, are against introduction of such ‘new issues’ into the Doha Round, saying it is important to first resolve outstanding issues such as the ones relating to food security and protection of poor farmers before taking up new topics
Issues most likely to be addressed post Buenos Aires meet
- Special Safeguard Mechanism(SSM, which will allow developing nations to temporarily increase tariffs to counter import surges or price declines, and in turn protect poor farmers)
- Limiting harmful fisheries subsidies
- Possible negotiations on e-commerce
- Services trade facilitation(including easing rules regarding movement of professionals and skilled workers across borders for temporary work or projects)
Support for India, China and South Africa
According to officials privy to the developments here, India, China and South Africa have the support of around 120 WTO member nations on the issue of continuation of the ‘development’ mandate of the Doha Round without any dilution.
U.S. efforts questioned
On the Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM), an overwhelming majority of the WTO members have questioned efforts by the U.S. to block the appointment of judges to the appellate body — a move that they say would undermine the DSM
DSM
The DSM, according to the WTO, is “recognised as a fundamental pillar of the organisation” and “enjoys wide support and confidence among the membership, which values it as a fair, effective and efficient mechanism to solve trade problems.”
India’s joint proposal with China: backing of 120 member countries
India’s joint proposal with China — asking the developed nations to eliminate the most trade-distorting form of farm subsidies, known in WTO jargon as Aggregate Measurement of Support (AMS) — has the backing of about 120 WTO members including from Africa.
Developed countries have 90% of Global AMS entitlements
“Developed countries have more than 90% of global AMS entitlements amounting to nearly $160 billion. Most developing countries, including India and China, do not have AMS entitlements,” according to an earlier statement from the Indian government.
‘No onerous conditions’
India had made it clear that it would not accept a ‘permanent solution’ with onerous conditions that in turn make it tough for the [Indian] government or other developing countries as well to meet the food security needs of their people
SSM
On agricultural issues including the ‘permanent solution’ and SSM, India is working with G-33 (a group of 47 nations).
India gathering support
- To get wide support on India’s interests, India’s commerce minister also met with the South Centre, an intergovernmental organisation of developing nations
- Besides, he held a meeting with European Union Trade Commissioner Cecilia Malmström and conveyed India’s position on various issues including food security and e-commerce.
