can someone clarify on this question. When the vote of account is used by the regular govt, the interim budget is used by the interim govt or the caretaker govt? Is budget presented by the caretaker govt is called interim budget?
What is the difference between “vote-on-account” and “interim budget”?
1. The provision of a “vote-on-account” is used by a regular Government, while an “interim budget” is a provision used by a caretaker Government.
2. A “vote-on-account” only deals with the expenditure in Government’s budget, while an “interim budget” includes both expenditure and receipts.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer would be B
Both Vote on account and interim budget can be passed by a regular or caretaker government.
Isn't statement 3 wrong?
It's correct. Nowhere it has been mentioned that violation of the preamble will make the law void unlike article 13 where it has been clearly stated out (defining the meaning of "law") that any law in derogation of FR will be considered as void. However, it won't permanently die(Doctrine of eclipse)but will be inactive. Hope you get it.
Why isn't answer D??
In tenth schedule is it mentioned?? The role of SC??
Kiholto case allowed judicial review of Xth schedule. B could be wrong because the merging condition of 2/3rd members agreeing to the merger has to be fulfilled. Unless that condition is not fulfilled, anti-defection will be upheld.
@balwintejas but 10th schedule doesn't role of SC... In Constitution!!
It's not asking what's written there. It's just asking if D is true for Xth schedule or not. These are subject to judicial review.
do Central Government need to keep government securities as Collateral for availing money under ways mains and advance?
@balwintejas @AzadHindFauz bhai log!
No..Central government has not to pledge its collateral.
The state government can avail WMA through collateral which will be cheaper than the repo rate but after its exhaustion, it will have to pay a higher interest rates than the repo.
recently went through a question which mentioned Coriolis is mandatory for meander formation..is it so?, coriolis only has an impact on the movement, however is it really required to form a meander?
It helps though. Verbatim from Geography NCERT Class XI...You would hardly find a river meandering in the equatorial region because of the same.
Does increase in aerosol effect cloud formation?
Will entirely depends on the type of aerosol. For example, those volcanic aerosols which are reflective and can form nuclei easily will help in cloud formation. On the other hand, aerosols like black soot will lead to positive feedback leading to the dispersion of the clouds. But if you encounter such a question in the real exam, mark on "it will increase clouds" avoiding hairsplitting.
@AzadHindFauz shouldn't statement 1 be correct! Article 156 mentioned that governor can hold a office for five year but it is not fixed.. Even SC also interpreted the same!!
Governor has been given 5 years of office term. Probably you are getting confused with the "security of tenure" which is not provided to them. Meanwhile SC had given judgement that governor can't be removed from the office if the reason given are insufficient or the issue is "lack of confidence". All in all, statement 1 is wrong .
Is making laws on Fundamental rights exclusively vested in Parliament?
You would be getting confused with Verbatim of Article 35 which says that "certain" laws can be done by parliament. But the important thing is You don't need a separate law to enforce FRs except those mentioned in Article 35(16, 32, 33, 34). So, Yes it is vested only in the parliament.
Are boundaries of Wildlife Sanctuaries fixed? I've read somewhere that boundaries of National Parks are fixed but not that of WS. However, how can WS exist without having fixed boundaries?
No, they are not specifically specified. I live near a local Wildlife Sanctuary and haven't seen any demarcation as such.
is there any real difference between self sufficiency and self-reliance?
"Going back to "self-sufficiency" that Nehru and Indira Gandhi tried would be a terrible idea
(flopped, India grew at 3.5%) and "self-reliance" is the main idea behind this scheme."
Self-sufficiency is the extreme form of self-reliance. Self reliant is something like "import substitution" where you will export products without needing the imported accessories for them. When you become self-reliant and cut off both import and export through "protectionism", it takes the form of self-sufficient.
Can someone clarify the difference between responsibility and accountability? At some places, it is written that responsibility cannot be assigned to someone while accountability can. But we do sometimes say "I am giving you the responsibility of doing XYZ". Is that an incorrect use of the term?
Yes its the correct statement as you are assigning responsibility because you have accountability to devour responsibilities. If I am right, I had seen it in Atul Garg sir videos where he said that accountability is something within yourself, inside you, listening to your conscience while responsibility is something very external, which has been assigned and has little liability than accountability.
Can states in India raise loans from outside India?
Limited to infrastructure projects as others have been limited by centre discretion.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/states-can-borrow-directly-from-foreign-agencies-for-infrastructure-projects/articleshow/58260606.cms?from=mdr
Accountability cannot be from inside. Accountability must be answerability to someone outside.Can someone clarify the difference between responsibility and accountability? At some places, it is written that responsibility cannot be assigned to someone while accountability can. But we do sometimes say "I am giving you the responsibility of doing XYZ". Is that an incorrect use of the term?Yes its the correct statement as you are assigning responsibility because you have accountability to devour responsibilities. If I am right, I had seen it in Atul Garg sir videos where he said that accountability is something within yourself, inside you, listening to your conscience while responsibility is something very external, which has been assigned and has little liability than accountability.
That's the impact or external stimuli associated with your inner conscience and decision, which you have taken because you are accountable to something. Responsibility is shareable while accountability can't be.
Accountability cannot be from inside. Accountability must be answerability to someone outside.Can someone clarify the difference between responsibility and accountability? At some places, it is written that responsibility cannot be assigned to someone while accountability can. But we do sometimes say "I am giving you the responsibility of doing XYZ". Is that an incorrect use of the term?Yes its the correct statement as you are assigning responsibility because you have accountability to devour responsibilities. If I am right, I had seen it in Atul Garg sir videos where he said that accountability is something within yourself, inside you, listening to your conscience while responsibility is something very external, which has been assigned and has little liability than accountability.
That's the impact or external stimuli associated with your inner conscience and decision, which you have taken because you are accountable to something. Responsibility is shareable while accountability can't be.
Yes accountability, when shared, gets diluted. But still I don't see how accountability can only be within oneself.
Because accountability comes with individual own acceptance of their obligations and own acceptance won't be possible without hearing yourself.
To all those who are thru mains 2020,
How do u handle qns like "comment on need for simplification of disqualification of persons for corrupt practises under RPA Section 123."?
I can relate it to criminalization of politics which was in news for the entire year. But no specific points in std book/magazine. The most i found one line in a value added material that election petition is to be made in high court which investigates and finally prez has to pass order for disqualification.A very different material mentioned abt goswami committeethat had recommended power to eci to punish under section 123.
Exam hall me does one know such things or connect the points aka make it up?
What is to be covered for gs2 polity and governance other than Laxmikanth and news to handle this qn? [Altho I don't have the bandwidth to cover anything else
. Still inquisitive.]
I didn't sit in mains so take it as a pinch of salt.
People probably would have gone through VAM or any such notes of RPA, after questions being asked from that topic. Can refer Vision VAM for that.
Moreover, Section 8 & 123 of RPA was in news in daily newspapers. Can mention Lily Thomas case for the same as Court called the 3 month appeal window as unconstitutional.
If you remember Goswami committee recommendations, well and good.
ADR data to substantiate how almost 70% of Political parties funding sources are unknown.
Economics Bond price and Bond Yield Question
A fall in interest rates makes bond prices rise, and bond yields fall — and rising interest rates cause bond prices to fall, and bond yields to rise. In short, a rise in bond yields means interest rates in the monetary system have fallen, and the returns for investors (those who invested in bonds and govt securities) have declined.
From Article - https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-rise-in-bond-yield-means-for-investors-and-govt-7205054/What exactly is "interest rate " mentioned in para- Repo rate or rate of return or what?
The market rate of return or what banks will offer on investment
@balwintejas are you sure interest rate mentioned is market rate of return??
Yeah! You can go through March 2021 Vision monthly to know more in detail.
@balwintejas I think the interest rate being talked about in the article is interest rate set by RBI ie repo rate. Either way current market rate is ultimately dependent on RBI or US Central bank repo. So if RBI increases interest rate, coupon rate of bond which is fixed becomes unattractive and thus demand and prices fall
One can relate it with the repo as well as Repo rate and consequent interest rate affect the same.
But largely as can be seen in Vision monthly, it relates more to market interest rate.
Which one of the following observations is not true about the Quit India Movement of 1942 ?
Should be A. Violence took place.
Communists dint participate in QIM as Russia was on the side of Britain.
however, books mention "strikes by workers". I am not sure which workers is being referred to.
Yeah. Answer should be a.
It was a violent movement, as all the leaders were arrested during it and the masses were left on their own.
If I am not wrong, as per UPSC official answer key, the correct answer is option (b).
This was asked in 2011 if I remember correctly. Please correct me if I am wrong.
Yes. 2011-12. But answer varies at different places.
civilsdaily.com/upsc-prelims-modern-history-trend-analysis-part-3/ - A
There are some saying D as well.
We will have to consider the UPSC answer only. That was B. Same goes for the Gypsum question where UPSC said that it cant be used to conserve water(Google says reverse) or ramasar question of 2019.
Laxmikant-- " The federation is a Union, because it is indestructible ". From this statement I thought answer should be "D" but according to SFG test, answer is B.. Wanted to know whether given answer is incorrect or notExplanation from SFG test : A federal state is a fusion of several states into a single State in regard to matters related to common interests. Both the federal and state governments draw their authority from the Constitution. In such a federation, a component state has no right to secede from the federation at its will. This feature distinguishes a federation from a confederation
Source: D D Basu, Introduction to the Constitution of India, chapter 5, page no. 52
The answer is given in Laxmikanth too. India doesn't have a federal system and that's why Article 2 or 3 can be used to alter the boundary/area/name of the states =>Not indestructible.
Only when they are indestructible, there can be federation doctrine being established in a country.
However, the correct sentence should have been "union of indestructible states"
When we talk about federation , we put American federation at the highest pedestal and its ideal as well - maybe one of the reason is because its oldest. But as American federation is destructible union of destructible states , I beleive its not neccessary for a federation to be indestructible in nature.
Many people have liked this statement so it could be right, but isn't the American federation is "indestructible union composed of indestructible states"? Please correct me.
Please explain option 'c' and 'd'
Option C is very wrong as the very purpose of monetization was deficit financing as evident during the Covid time.
Option D is probably wrong because monetization may lead to inflation and devaluation and ultimately, net public debt will remain the same. The reason why monetization through printing money was banned under frbm act.
However Option B seems more wrong considering that they can borrow only for short terms and so "best" option could be D
Is it necessary for a money bill to be introduced only by a minister? And does its introduction require prior recommendation of the president? Couldn't find these specifically mentioned in the constitution.
President recommendation is necessary.
For the first part,@AzadHindFauz had also shared a book's clip a long time before that it's not necessary to be introduced by a minister. Laxmikanth only says so.
@Caffeinity By devaluation, you essentially reducing the purchasing power of the currency. Imagine a pie that equally divided into four parts. Now each part is 1/4th of the pie. Now if you slice it twice in such a manner that each part is 1/8th, obviously the piece remains one, but its 'value' decreases. If you had promised someone to give '02 'slices of your pie, you would obviously prefer to divide it into 8 slices than 4 to give them a lesser share.Similarly, if a govt has borrowed let's say 100000 INR, they can devalue the currency to their advantage. If each USD was worth 50 rupees earlier (assume), now if rupee is devalued such that 1 USD = 100 rupees. Then, when the govt repays the fixed debt, what was effectively worth 2000 USD now is worth 1000 only. Hence, burden reduced.
Doesn't this work only if the debt is rupee denominated?
Yes I was going to answer this only. It would work only when the debt is taken in rupee denomination as how masala bond works.
-If the question asks whether the VP is a part of Parliament: No he isn’t
-If the question asks if the Chairman is a member of the house: No he isn’t
-If the question asks whether the Chairman is a part of the Parliament: Maybe correct
UPSC can trick you here. They have asked this question previously as to what forms the Parliament
+1. Its a PYQ and UPSC had put with the fact that parliament has 3 entities.
@THE_MECHANIC like Speaker is a member, Deputy Chairman is a member, President is not a member but a part of Parliament. The only reason I wrote ‘maybe correct’ is because it’s debatable. In strict terms, if you’re asked what constitutes Parliament: President, Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. If you’re asked whether VP is a part of Parliament then it’s a straight no. But if we’re asked if Chairman is a part: it’s ambiguous because he does perform some essential parliamentary functions largely in line with what the Speaker does (who is a part of parliament by virtue of him being a member). Also the current VP’s website does mention that the Chairman is a part but I haven’t found any other official source stating the same. Additionally, since he isn’t a member of any of the houses you could say he isn’t a part of the Parliament.Honestly I don’t think we should be pondering so much on whether the chairman is a part or not. Almost definitely it won’t be asked and if it is I’ll go by what all sources say: he isn’t since Parliament = President+RS+LS
Consider the following statements with respect to land reforms and Green Revolution undertaken by government after 1950s:
1. Both reforms promoted the consolidation of land-holdings.
2. They were largely opposed by the land-owning caste lobbies and the tenants.
3. Unlike Green revolution, the land reforms had limited impact on the rural agrarian structure of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
My answer: a.
As Land consolidation was among the objectives of both land reforms and Green Revolution.
Statement 3 can be wrong considering GR was limited to certain areas and could not change rural agrarian structure of India.
Can any one explain why C is correct?
You can see the data to substantiate. From the green revolution to now, we became a net exporter of grains from net importers of food grains. Small, marginal, large farmers all had consensus regarding the functions and uses.
However, land reforms were not being successful because large farmers were apprehensive and there were many loopholes regarding that like "Benami transfer" etc. Agriculture census exemplifies the same that marginal and small farmers, even though constitute around 90% of farmers, only have around 40-45% of the land with them.
Consider the following statements with respect to land reforms and Green Revolution undertaken by government after 1950s:
1. Both reforms promoted the consolidation of land-holdings.
2. They were largely opposed by the land-owning caste lobbies and the tenants.
3. Unlike Green revolution, the land reforms had limited impact on the rural agrarian structure of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
My answer: a.
As Land consolidation was among the objectives of both land reforms and Green Revolution.
Statement 3 can be wrong considering GR was limited to certain areas and could not change rural agrarian structure of India.
Can any one explain why C is correct?
You can see the data to substantiate. From the green revolution to now, we became a net exporter of grains from net importers of food grains. Small, marginal, large farmers all had consensus regarding the functions and uses.
However, land reforms were not being successful because large farmers were apprehensive and there were many loopholes regarding that like "Benami transfer" etc. Agriculture census exemplifies the same that marginal and small farmers, even though constitute around 90% of farmers, only have around 40-45% of the land with them.
I dint get you. Yes India attained self sufficiency in food grain production. And yes small and marginal farmers constitute the bulk. So what does this say about land consolidation or the rural agrarian structure?
Statement 3rd didn't ask about the land consolidation success. It asked in general about the rural agrarian structure constituting employment or wage or profitability etc.
Consider the following statements with respect to land reforms and Green Revolution undertaken by government after 1950s:
1. Both reforms promoted the consolidation of land-holdings.
2. They were largely opposed by the land-owning caste lobbies and the tenants.
3. Unlike Green revolution, the land reforms had limited impact on the rural agrarian structure of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
My answer: a.
As Land consolidation was among the objectives of both land reforms and Green Revolution.
Statement 3 can be wrong considering GR was limited to certain areas and could not change rural agrarian structure of India.
Can any one explain why C is correct?
You can see the data to substantiate. From the green revolution to now, we became a net exporter of grains from net importers of food grains. Small, marginal, large farmers all had consensus regarding the functions and uses.
However, land reforms were not being successful because large farmers were apprehensive and there were many loopholes regarding that like "Benami transfer" etc. Agriculture census exemplifies the same that marginal and small farmers, even though constitute around 90% of farmers, only have around 40-45% of the land with them.
I dint get you. Yes India attained self sufficiency in food grain production. And yes small and marginal farmers constitute the bulk. So what does this say about land consolidation or the rural agrarian structure?
Statement 3rd didn't ask about the land consolidation success. It asked in general about the rural agrarian structure constituting employment or wage or profitability etc.
Statement 1asked about land consolidation. -->Should have been a true statement a/c to me. It is marked false a/c to keys.
Statement 3talks about rural structure -->This statement is marked as correct in keys. False a/c to me.
I am unable to make sense of the key.
Now, can you please repeat the point you were making?
S1 - Land reforms promoted land consolidation which was the clear agenda out of the 4 agendas at that time. But the green revolution didn't promote land consolidation but landholding. In psir, we quote a renowned scholar VKRV Rao who had quoted that the green revolution actually reversed the process of land reforms. Land consolidation was in general done during land reforms for every stratum of the society but in the Green revolution, it was done by the rich farmers for their specific benefits. Plus the increased productivity after Green revolution allowed to grow the same amount of crops in a limited land now. Thanks to the green revolution, 1 hectare of land productivity was equal to 0.9 hectare of land productivity(data could vary)
S3- This statement was not about the land consolidation but as the agrarian structure in general which includes employment, wage, living conditions, etc. I just said that people found loopholes during land reforms like Benami transfers etc and so, inclusivity wasn't there. But the green revolution was being accepted by each and every class of the farmers and so, it had a major impact on the farmer's condition as evident from the facts too.
can someone explain monetising the deficit and deficit financing along with its implication like effect on money supply and monetary base and public debt .
Abit confused hence asking . Thanxs in advance
Refer to June 2021 Vision Monthly magazine once. Everything will be clear.
i had read it still the doubts which i had
1) two modes a) deficit financing b) monetisation of the deficit ...correct ??
2) deficit financing : omo rbi does( not primary market frbm act restriction) or borrows from outside correct ??
3) deficit financing increase in money supply as well as monetary base .....correct??
4) monetising the deficit : rbi prints money and give it govt ....money supply doesn't increase as such .however as govt spends oney supply will increase correct ???
any other concepts related to this and any correction in the above please suggest
@D503 @mehuifs @Usain_bolt thanks, guys! Sometimes the scores rattle you. Even in Polity or History, sometimes they go so deep, and when I check PYQ, questions are moderate.
Hence, for now, done with mocks, ab keval revision.
Bhai mocks have become a real mockery. No point in getting intimidated after that. Especially not you, you know how to qualify pre and you know what worked for you.
"To protect consumer intrest by providing essential agriculture commodities at reasonable rates by PDS"
Is this statement correct w.r.t objectives of Commission for agri cost and prices?
Does CACP get into essential commodities also?
It's official website doesn't say anything like this but a PYQ question marks this statement correct.
They cant fix the MSP, they just recommend and pass it over to CCEA to decide. So deciding and executing for PDS sounds very unlikely. Moreover, they are attached office of ministry and they are mostly into recommendations and data study than (likely) deciding for ECA which is backed by a statutory act.
Can anyone please share a clear map for rivers in Jammu/Ladakh.
Even not exact, You can use the ncert knowledge like Spiti and Ravi river meets Satluj, coming from the north. It eliminates C and D. Now you can think here that Zaskar river may have some linkage with Zaskar mountains; and zaskar mountains are part of the trans Himalayas, located north of the Great Himalyas. This will lead to option B.
Lets practice our guessing game here
A.
My logic-
I knew paiks were compulsory service providers(military and otherwise) during the Ahoms and were sent from villages by rotation. I am left with A and D. Then if you see in the D option, C is given with 5( matching Havaldar as head of 3 havaldars). Eliminated D and came with A.
Same logic. Paikka rebellion is what I have heard of in modern history that they were militia/soldiers and revolted because of untimely cash being provided.
Guessing game pt. 3.. Also, this one is mentioned in NCERT..Would have skipped or marked between C and D...C because it sounds like the Padma Bhushan award and D because it sounds similar to Khilafat which translates into Caliphate - an honorary position.
I too gussed this, Padma wala stuff but cancelled because I thought its more like hindu name then why would mughals keep it?
True. It's a Sanskrit word. Never heard of its admiration during mughals except for the Dhrupad song where syllables were Sanskrit.
Will someone please explain in simple words, important points related to Public Safety Bills and Industrial Dispute bills during British Rule?
Given in spectrum. Provisions have been explained by@Shailputri . Adding few pieces of information from the spectrum that the Public safety bill was defeated by Indian members in the assembly and M. Nehru had spoken in detail against it. Bhagat Singh, Raj guru, etc had thrown bombs in the assembly against the passage of the bill in 1929.
Will someone please explain in simple words, important points related to Public Safety Bills and Industrial Dispute bills during British Rule?Given in spectrum. Provisions have been explained by@Shailputri . Adding few pieces of information from the spectrum that the Public safety bill was defeated by Indian members in the assembly and M. Nehru had spoken in detail against it. Bhagat Singh, Raj guru, etc had thrown bombs in the assembly against the passage of the bill in 1929.
I think they were unable to defeat the bill and it was passed later on.
Spectrum is wrong here?
