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Doubt Clearance Thread: UPSC 2021

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@Steph_Curry A- Because it will reduce the reserve requirement of the banks and allow them to lend more in the open market. Money multiplier is inversely proportional to reserve requirement. 


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The answer key has the 3rd statement marked as correct. Can anyone explain why?

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@oldrustyagain29523 yeah you have the values correct, but GCF of 28-29 means 28-29% of GDP and 32-33 would mean 32-33% of GDP. Since India’s GDP is much greater, GCF of India would be higher than GCF of Bangladesh. 
Or am I making a simple error I’m not able to see here


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@oldrustyagain29523 yep they write: taken from World Bank data and directly mention the percent numbers. :)


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@oldrustyagain29523 I think its because of ‘fringe’ communities. As per the FRA, rights are given to forest dwelling STs and other traditional forest dwellers.


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@EUROPOL MFIs encompass all entities involved in providing microloans (below ₹1 lakh). These can include SFBs, NBFC-MFI etc. 
Thus, a NBFC-MFI cannot accept deposits while a SFB can. 


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@EUROPOL not all SFBs are MFIs. Microfinance is a concept, entities providing microfinance in India are a wide bunch. These include SFBs, NBFC-MFIs, banks, Cooperatives. Thus, SFBs can provide capital to MFIs too.


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@batman010827054 imo, Vision should have worded the it as a ‘can’ question. 

However, acid rain can have both impacts. Certain lichens are harmed whilst certain lichens show greater distribution. I think it’s because of Nitrogen content which in lightly acidic rains could favour lichens growing over alkaline surfaces. 

http://www.air-quality.org.uk/19.php (this says certain species now show greater distribution) 


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@chamcham yes and yes. 

Just sometime back, Uddhav Thackeray’s case in MH is an example. Though the Governor sat on the recommendation of the CoM, there wasn’t any bar on him being nominated to the SLC and continuing as CM. 

Though it subverts the concept of people’s representation, some times situations may demand this back door entry. Plus you can also argue that governments may need the expertise of people who may not be able to get elected democratically. 


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@D503 should be ‘original exclusive’. Original jurisdiction is also enabled through Art 32


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https://main.sci.gov.in/jurisdiction


When in doubt, trust their own mouth :P


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@LetsGetThisBread that’s the way Laxmikanth writes it, in reality SC has: Original, Appellate and Advisory jurisdiction. Writ jurisdiction falls under Original jurisdiction. 

So writing that Original jurisdiction is confined to Federal cases would be wrong. 


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The gases circle could be of any size. In any case, statement 2 would be correct. Since all glasses are gases and some glasses aren’t goggles thus some gases are not goggles

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@Shailputri trade and commerce in foodstuffs comes under concurrent list. Article 301 also empowers Centre to legislate wrt freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse. 


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@dwightschrute Q. 53 would be pretty simple for anthropology students, Charles Metcalfe and his concept of ‘little republics’ 

Q.52 is an absolute bouncer for me, googled the names and found that WH Russel was an Irish correspondent who worked for The Times. I guess this question was birthed due to his reputation as ‘the first and greatest war correspondent’ so maybe they expected people to know about him :/


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@dwightschrute well at least you didn’t think wrongly :P


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@sjerngal also in Lakshmikant where the Pardoning powers are explained, it clearly writes: it is independent of the judiciary; it is an executive power


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Is the NCSC still required to discharge functions with regard to Other Backward Castes? 
Since now that NCBC has been constituted as a constitutional body, has this position changed?
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@sstarrr yes, I went through the text of 102nd Amendment and they have deleted the provision regarding other backward classes. Thanks!
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@sstarrr it was provided constitutionally



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@sstarrr yes but separation of subjects was provided constitutionally. The initial query isn’t on the concept of federalism and how the situation was post GoI Act, 1919. It was in respect of today’s SFG test question where the statement given was: ‘it demarcated and separated the central and provincial subjects’. 

The overarching powers to the Gov. Gen. were also a constitutional provision. His power to unilaterally change a subject’s category has no bearing on whether overall the subjects were demarcated. The Act itself very clearly makes a distinction between Central subjects and Provincial subjects. What constitutes those subjects was decided based on rules, so an executive decision but again, the question isn’t who or how the subjects were demarcated, just whether separation was provided or not. 

I think now we’re both aligned. While which subjects were put under which list would be done as per rules provided under the act, the answer for the question whether subjects were divided first under GoI Act 1919 or 1935 would be- 1919


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@sjerngal any province not willing to join the Union could have a separate constitution and form a separate Union. Thus, Muslim majority provinces could be autonomous. Doesn’t say that directly but it’s implied through this provision, that’s my understanding.


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@Steph_Curry vulnerable


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Is being ‘charged’ under sedition law enough for barring a person from a government job? Isn’t ‘conviction’ supposed to be the condition for this bar?
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@sjerngal everywhere I’ve read it’s written ‘charged’, so I guess until acquitted the person is supposed to be ‘charged’ and hence ineligible. Marked this wrong only on the word ‘charged’


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@sjerngal the first to issue gold coins were the Indo-Greeks but in a very limited amount. The first to issue gold coins on a large scale were the Kushanas.


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@Biryani Yes it does. Passes through Sahibgabj district near the Bihar-Jharkhand border


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@Jurgen_klopp lol when I read this question I was very confused. You can make a case for A,B and D all being incorrect. It was sporadically violent but I guess A is kept correct because of the whole ‘non-violent’ character of the independence movement. B incorrect because the resolution was moved by J.Nehru and though Mahatama Gandhi was named the leader, he didn’t lead it since he was imprisoned almost immediately after the proclamation of the movement. C since workers did participate in strikes but you could make a case that it says ‘in general’ and in general workers didn’t really participate because of the communist support to the war effort. They were much more involved in post independence movements.
In the exam I certainly wouldn’t have been ‘brave’ enough to mark B but out of these it seems the most correct. 


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@Archand non payment of taxes was merely floated as a possible future action and not included in the program of action. In Spectrum too it’s given ‘could’.


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@sjerngal it’s wrong. It has to be A.


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@Apollo11 but bond prices aren’t ‘automatic’ in that sense. Bond prices depend on interest rates which are controlled through the monetary policy.


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-If the question asks whether the VP is a part of Parliament: No he isn’t

-If the question asks if the Chairman is a member of the house: No he isn’t

-If the question asks whether the Chairman is a part of the Parliament: Maybe correct


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@THE_MECHANIC like Speaker is a member, Deputy Chairman is a member, President is not a member but a part of Parliament. The only reason I wrote ‘maybe correct’ is because it’s debatable. In strict terms, if you’re asked what constitutes Parliament: President, Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. If you’re asked whether VP is a part of Parliament then it’s a straight no. But if we’re asked if Chairman is a part: it’s ambiguous because he does perform some essential parliamentary functions largely in line with what the Speaker does (who is a part of parliament by virtue of him being a member). Also the current VP’s website does mention that the Chairman is a part but I haven’t found any other official source stating the same. Additionally, since he isn’t a member of any of the houses you could say he isn’t a part of the Parliament. 
Honestly I don’t think we should be pondering so much on whether the chairman is a part or not. Almost definitely it won’t be asked and if it is I’ll go by what all sources say: he isn’t since Parliament = President+RS+LS


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@sstarrr in my opinion you’re unnecessarily getting worked up here. Largely throughout the years since the enactment of the FRBM Act, central and state governments have adhered to the limits. When not, there have been good enough reasons for it. RBI publishes reports annually, you want to see the reasons, go through these reports. Different states in different years go through a myriad of situations. The act is said to be effective because generally the targets are being adhered to, which was the entire point of the Act. You have no targets, you don’t maintain discipline, you have targets, you are bound to do your best to adhere to them. Some times states will exceed the 3% limit, at other times they’ll even generate a surplus. 

The government doesn’t just conjure up terms. Situations change, and since that’s the case, the act itself provides escape clauses. ‘Fiscal slippage’ isn’t being used a an excuse here. 

I’m using an old graph here but look at this and tell me that ‘no body adheres to them’:


I’m curious though, what term do you expect the FM to use during a pandemic which has impacted the revenue whilst demanding a raise in spending? At this point taking care of the current economy is more important than sticking to targets defined in settled times imo.

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@sstarrr for compliance I believe Parliament is the body ensuring the targets are being met and if not, why. Go through the act if you haven’t already and still are curious about it. I possibly misread what you wanted to imply/ ask in your above comments :)

@D503 i posted the graph for states. I believe you’re talking for the centre. I’m sure RBI reports would have explanations. 


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@kasanasandy007133 I think it finds a mention in Anarchy (written by William Dalrymple). If you’re into gaming and know about the Uncharted series then Henry Avery’s treasure is the main plot line for Uncharted 4.


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Those who attempted Shankarias open Test 1 (19th Sept one) plz help me with these qns... 

@chamomile @sjerngal @UK01 Plz share your answers on these. Bahot shukriya in advance.



Q.33) Consider the following statements about ―Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species‖ (LaCONES):


1. It is India‘s only dedicated facility for the conservation of endangered species.


2. It is the only laboratory that has developed methods for the collection and cryopreservation of semen and oocytes from wildlife.


3. It has successfully reproduced endangered Blackbuck, Spotted Deer and Nicobar Pigeons through artificial insemination of cryopreserved sperm. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3

I eliminated 2 just on the basis of "only lab" (in india is not mentioned). And it is unlikely that Indian institution would be the only one doing this worldwide.Did I justoverthink here? If yes, how to avoid?

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Q.37) When a bird lives in the hollow of a tree, which type of biological interaction takes place?

(a) Mutualism (b) Parasitism(c) Commensalism(d) Amensalism

Why not mutualism when birds helps disperse seeds? 

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Q42) Which of the following countries surround the Strait of Malacca?

1. The Indonesian island of Sumatra

2. The Indonesian Island of Java

3. Thailand

4. Malaysia

Select the correct answer using the code given below. (a) 1 and 4 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 4 only(d) 1, 3 and 4 only

Why is Thailand considered a part?

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Q.57) With reference to federalism in India, consider the following statements:

1. The Constitution clearly states that the executive power of the centre is superior to the executive power of the states.

2. States can neither take disciplinary action nor can they remove the All India Service Officers from Service.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Constitution "clearly states"? Yes, presidential rule can be declared if state does not obey. But does it amount to clearly stating? 

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Q.58) Consider the following statements: 1. Indian Constitution recognises community-based rights 2. Educational institutions run by religious communities may receive money from the government. 3. Indian constitution looks at religion merely as a private matter concerning the individual. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 3 only (b)1 and 2 only(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Art 19 states freedom of conscience etc. Isn't religion a private matter?


Q.33. I got it wrong but I think it was ‘only’ in respect to India, so debatably poor on part of the paper setter.

Q.37. How do you know the bird is eating the fruits of the tree? A similar argument could be made wrt the bird providing fertilisers for the soil below but it isn’t necessary. Commensalism is the most appropriate answer. 

Q.42. Because it is? The strait isn’t the one narrowest point, Malacca straits are a long and narrow body of water.

Q.57.“Article 256. The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as to ensure compliance with the laws made by Parliament and any existing laws which apply in that State, and the executive power of the Union shall extent to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose.” 

Also, Article 257

Q.58. Religion in India isn’t a private affair, I think it has to do with the Indian concept of secularism. Can’t offer any more explanations but I remember reading something like that a couple days prior to giving the test so got it correct.

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@calvinhobbes more like pockets of policemen are also public places and they want as much crowd as they can fit in :P


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@sjerngal surely you realise it’s not as simple as that? While I don’t discredit her and her sister’s achievements but this low cut off allows them to allocate more time towards mains, skip some topics entirely because the static portion is enough for them to clear the cut offs. 
Then the question of why are they even getting this reservation in the first place. Both have been students of a top college, both their parents were in the ‘creamiest’ of jobs. Surely there must be several needy people out there who could actually benefit from this ‘affirmative’ system? But as soon as someone attempts a critique of the system, there are people ready to defend and ask others to move on. 
I genuinely find it hard to not feel disdain for a system that is so lopsided that it’s creating a ‘brahmanical’ order within the ‘downtrodden’ categories. 
But yeah no one talk about this. Meenas taking all the ST seats, supremely well offs taking several SC seats, thanks to EWS even the historically ruling castes can get totally legit certificates made and avail ‘deserved’ benefits. 
I don’t discredit any individual’s performance but I certainly feel a lot of contempt for a system which is completely antithetical to the idea it was floated upon. 


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@Neyawn @root I don’t want to be the cribbing type but please allow us to report comments. Some of the discourse is extremely problematic.

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@D503 the removal is by the order of the President on the basis of a resolution to that effect passed by both the houses of the Parliament. Article 74 then explicitly binds the President to act in accordance to such advice given by the CoM. Therefore I interpret it as: the Government can remove the CEC. 


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@jassikamboj16303 not completely sure but I think veto powers exist in respect of Bills only, so no.


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@Conquer No. The houses of the Parliament only recommend that the Judge/ CEC be removed and it is the President who has the power to remove. As per Article 74, President is bound to exercise his power as per the advice tendered by the CoM. The President has a limited set of discretionary powers and this one isn’t one of those. Thus, while the pre-conditions have to be necessarily met, it is ultimately the President who has the removing power which is exercised on the advice of the CoM.


From DD Basu:


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@sstarrr I got 110, a friend got 106. 


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@sstarrr the answer is 2-1-3-4 but it doesn’t match any option and the solution given didn’t match the question


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Hear me out in this, I think it should be 0.25 foot - the least count
Using 7.5 and 3.25 x 2, you get 1
Using 7.5 and 3.25 x 3, you get 2.25
Using 2.25 x 2 and 3.25, you get 1.25
Using 1.25 and 3.25 you get 2
We already have 2.25 and now using 2 we can measure 0.25
*just realised that the final one isn’t needed: 1.25 and 1 can also be used 

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GoI Act 1909 used the term elections while Indian Councils Act, 1892 introduced the element of elections. 
Under GoI Act 1909: Municipal Corporation members elected members of provincial legislatures who in turn elected members of central legislature. 
GoI Act 1919 introduced direct elections for the first time where out of 145 seats in the central legislature, 104 were elected.
This is what my notes say
Some websites are saying 1909 and using the source as DD Basu but I didn’t find this written anywhere. 
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Are we allowed to take calculators for the CSAT paper?
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Despite me arguing in GS answers otherwise, I feel an individual’s vote has zero value in a democracy like India. You vote with a vision, can so easily be overridden by tyranny of a minority. A vote only has value if you are a part of a group, be it on the basis of caste, religion or economic identities. Thus, I will not be casting my vote anytime in the near future.

It was foolish to believe that governments in India will do anything good when there’s politics at stake. That’s what the current PM cares about, just election victories. Their actions have set a very bad precedent now, labour laws next?

Minimal outreach at the onset of the legislations, minimal outreach when false narratives run amok, pathetic damage control when things go sour. My arguments with people on why ‘Zameen chhen lenge humari’ is wrong because there’s specific built in protections have resulted in what exactly now?

Well, instead of ‘government has taken a right step with the farm laws to push agricultural reforms to’, time to go back to ‘governments should work towards reforming the agricultural sector to capture the immense potential offered’. 

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