[Solution] – 10 PM Daily Quiz – 5 April, 2016

We posted 7 questions in 10 PM Daily Quiz on 5th April, 2016. Thanks for the amazing response. These questions will help you polish concepts based on current affairs. In case you have not attempted them, please attempt them by clicking below.

• 10 PM Daily Quiz –  5 April, 2016

 

Q.1) Consider the following statements regarding Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA)

1. ASHA must primarily be a woman resident of the village married/ widowed/ divorced, preferably in the age group of 20 to 50 years.
2. She should be a literate woman with formal education up to class eight. This may be relaxed only if no suitable person with this qualification is available.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both are correct
d) Neither is true

Answer-d

Explanation:- Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA)

One of the key components of the National Rural Health Mission is to provide every village in the country with a trained female community health activist called ASHA or Accredited Social Health Activist. Selected from the village itself and accountable to it, the ASHA will be trained to work as an interface between the community and the public health system.

Notable points about ASHA are as follows:

• ASHA must primarily be a woman resident of the village married/ widowed/ divorced, preferably in the age group of 25 to 45 years.
• She should be a literate woman with due preference in selection to those who are qualified up to 10 standard wherever they are interested and available in good numbers. This may be relaxed only if no suitable person with this qualification is available.

Functions of ASHA are as follows:

• Work as fountainhead of public health programmes in her village
• Work as first port of call for health related demands of deprived sections of society
• Promote institutional delivery, universal immunization and other public health initiatives Referral and escort services for Reproductive & Child Health (RCH) and other healthcare programmes, and construction of household toilets
• Provide information to the community on determinants of health such as nutrition, basic sanitation & hygienic practices, healthy living and working conditions, information on existing health services and the need for timely utilisation of health & family welfare services.
• Counsel women on birth preparedness, importance of safe delivery, breast-feeding and complementary feeding, immunization, contraception and prevention of common infections including Reproductive Tract Infection/Sexually Transmitted Infections (RTIs/STIs) and care of the young child.
• Mobilise the community and facilitate them in accessing health and health related services available at the Anganwadi/sub-centre/primary health centers, such as immunisation, Ante Natal Check-up (ANC), Post Natal Check-up supplementary nutrition, sanitation and other services being provided by the government.
• Work as deport holder forOral Rehydration Therapy (ORS), Iron Folic Acid Tablet(IFA), chloroquine, Disposable Delivery Kits (DDK), Oral Pills & Condoms, etc.
• There will be one ASHA per 1000 population.

 

Q.2) Consider the following statements regarding Plea Bargaining

1. It is applicable in respect of those offences for which punishment is up to a period of 7 years.
2.  It does not apply to cases where the offence committed is a socio-economic offence
3. It does not apply where   the offence  is committed against a woman or a child below the age of 14 years.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 1 and 2
c) 1 and 3
d) 2 and 3

Answer-a

Explanation:- Plea Bargaining’ can be defined as pre-trial negotiations between the accused and the prosecution during which the accused agrees to plead guilty in exchange for certain concessions by the prosecution.

• The object of ‘Plea Bargaining’ is to reduce the risk of undesirable orders for the either side.
• Another reason for the introducing the concept of ‘Plea Bargaining’ is the fact that most of the criminal courts are over burdened and hence unable to dispose off the cases on merits.
• Criminal trial can take day, weeks, months and sometimes years while guilty pleas can be arranged in minutes.
• In other words, a ‘Plea Bargaining’ is a deal offered by the prosecutor to induce the defendant to plead guilty.
• A new chapter, that is chapter XXIA on ‘Plea Bargaining’, has been introduced in the Criminal Procedure Code.This has certainly changed the face of the Indian Criminal Justice System.

 

Q.3) Under Indian Constitution, which of the following rights are available to minorities only

1. restriction on denial of admission to any citizen, to any educational institution maintained or aided by the State, ‘on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.
2. prohibition against compelling any person to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
3. people’s ‘freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in educational institutions’ wholly maintained, recognized, or aided by the State
4. provision for facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

a) 1 and 2
b) 1, 3 and 4
c) 2, 3 and 4
d) 1 and 4

Answer-d

Explanation:-  

The Constitution has provided a definite space for both the ‘domains’ i.e. ‘common’ as well as ‘separate’. In Part III of the Constitution, which deals with the Fundamental Rights is divided into two parts viz. (a) the rights which fall in the ‘common domain’ and (b) the rights which go to the ‘separate domain’. In the ‘common domain’, the following fundamental rights and freedoms are covered:

1. people’s right to ‘equality before the law’ and ‘equal protection of the laws’; [Article 14]
2. prohibition of discrimination against citizens on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth; [Article 15 (1) & (2)]
3. authority of State to make ‘any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens’ (besides the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes); [Article 15 (4)]
4. citizens’ right to ‘equality of opportunity’ in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State – and prohibition in this regard of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth; [Article 16(1)&(2)]
5. authority of State to make ‘any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State; [Article 16(4)]
6. people’s freedom of conscience and right to freely profess, practice and propagate religion – subject to public order, morality and other Fundamental Rights; [Article 25(1)]
7. right of ‘every religious denomination or any section thereof – subject to public order, morality and health – to establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes, ‘manage its own affairs in matters of religion’, and own and acquire movable immovable property and administer it ‘in accordance with law’; [Article 26]
8. prohibition against compelling any person to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion’; [Article 27]
9. people’s ‘freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in educational institutions’ wholly maintained, recognized, or aided by the State.[Article 28]

 

‘Separate Domain’ of Minority Rights

The Minority Rights provided in the Constitution which fall in the category of ‘Separate Domain’ are as under:-

1. right of ‘any section of the citizens’ to ‘conserve’ its ‘distinct language, script or culture’; [Article 29(1)]
2. restriction on denial of admission to any citizen, to any educational institution maintained or aided by the State, ‘on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them’; [Article 29(2)]
3. right of all Religious and Linguistic Minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice;[Article 30(1)]
4. freedom of Minority-managed educational institutions from discrimination in the matter of receiving aid from the State;[Article30(2)]
5. special provision relating to the language spoken by a section of the population of any State;[Article 347]
6. provision for facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage;[Article 350 A]
7. provision for a Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities and his duties; and [Article 350 B]
8. Sikh community’s right of ‘wearing and carrying of kirpans; [Explanation 1 below Article 25]

 

Q.4) Which of the following countries borders the Persian Gulf

1. Iran
2. Iraq
3. Bahrain
4. Qatar
5. Yemen

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

a) 1, 2, 3, and 5
b) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
c) 1, 2, 3 and 4
d) 1, 2 and 5

Answer-c

Explanation:- Countries with a coastline on the Persian Gulf are (clockwise, from the north): Iran, Oman (exclave of Musandam), United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar on a peninsula off the Saudi coast, Bahrain on an island, Kuwait, and Iraq in the northwest.

 

Q.5) Consider the following statements regarding State Election Commission of India

1. The power of superintendence, direction and control of all elections to the local government bodies vest with the State Election Commissions as envisaged in Article 243J of the Constitution of India.
2. State Election Commissioner is appointed by the President.
3. State Election Commissioner shall not be removed from his office except in like manner and on the like ground as a Judge of a High Court.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

a) 1 and 2
b) 1 and 3
c) 3 only
d) 1 only

Answer-c

Explanation:- Article 243K in The Constitution Of India 1949

243K. Elections to the Panchayats The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, all elections to the Panchayats shall be vested in a State Election Commission consisting of a State Election Commissioner to be appointed by the Governor

• Subject to the provisions of any law made by the Legislature of a State the conditions of service and tenure of office of the State Election Commissioner shall be such as the Governor may by rule determine: Provided that the State Election Commissioner shall not be removed from his office except in like manner and on the like ground as a Judge of a High Court and the conditions of service of the State Election Commissioner shall not be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment
• The Governor of a State shall, when so requested by the State Election Commission, make available to the State Election Commission such staff as may be necessary for the discharge of the functions conferred on the State Election Commission by clause ( 1 )
• Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, make provision with respect to all matters relating to, or in connection with, elections to the Panchayats

 

Q.6) Consider the following statements regarding Predatory Pricing

1. Predatory pricing is the act of setting prices low in an attempt to eliminate the competition.
2. It is illegal under anti-trust laws.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both are correct
d) Neither is true

Answer-c

Explanation:-

What is ‘Predatory Pricing’

• Predatory pricing is the act of setting prices low in an attempt to eliminate the competition.
• Predatory pricing is illegal under anti-trust laws, as it makes markets more vulnerable to a monopoly.
• Companies may engage in a variety of activities that intend to drive out competitors, such as create barriers to entry for new competitors or unethical production methods to minimize costs.
• A sign of predatory pricing can occur when the price of a product gradually becomes lower, which can happen during a price war. This is difficult to prove because it can be seen as a price competition and not a deliberate act.

In the short term, a price war can be beneficial for consumers because of the lower prices. In the long term, however, it is not beneficial as the company that wins a price war, effectively putting its competitor out of business, will have a monopoly where it can set whatever price it wants.

Q.7) A company which serves as a vehicle for business transactions without itself having any significant assets or operations is called as

a) Paper Company
b) Hollow Company
c) Seasonal Company
d) Shell Company

Answer-d

Explanation:-

What is a shell company?

• A shell corporation is a company which serves as a vehicle for business transactions without itself having any significant assets or operations. Some shell companies may have had operations, but those may have shrunk due to unfavorable market conditions or company mismanagement. A shell corporation may also arise when a company’s operations have been wound up, for example following a takeover, but the “shell” of the original company continues to exist.
• Shell corporations are not in themselves illegal, and they do have legitimate business purposes. However, they are a main component of the underground economy, especially those based in tax havens. They may also be known as international business companies, personal investment companies, front companies, or “mailbox” companies.
• Shell companies can also be used for tax avoidance. A classic tax avoidance operation may utilize favorable transfer pricing among multiple corporate entities to lower tax liability in a certain country; e.g. Double Irish arrangement.
• It’s important, however, to understand that the term “shell corporation” does not describe the purpose of a corporate entity. In general, it’s more informative to classify an entity according to its role in a particular corporate structure; e.g. holding company, general partner, or a limited partner.