[Solution] – Wednesday Geography and Environment Quiz #4

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Wednesday Geography and Environment Quiz #4

 

[Solutions]

Q.1) Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) differs from Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), on what grounds?

1. BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen demanded by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature.
2. COD is a measurement of the oxygen required to oxidize only the soluble organic matter in water.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans- [A]

Explanation– Biochemical Oxygen Demand or BOD  is a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen required for the aerobic bacteria to assimilate and oxidize the organic components present in water or waste water at a certain temperature. Higher the BOD value, higher the organic pollution in water.

Chemical Oxygen Demand or COD is a measure of the capacity of water to consume oxygen during the decomposition of organic matter and the oxidation of inorganic chemicals such as ammonia and nitrite. Statement 2 is thus wrong.

Q.2) Bio-fertilizers has been in news recently, which of the following nutrients can be supplied by Bio-fertilizers?

1. (N) – Nitrogen
2. (P) – Phosphorous
3. (K) – Potassium

Which of the options given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans-[D]
Explanation– A Bio-fertilizer is a substance which contains living or latent microorganisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. They accelerate certain microbial processes in the soil which augment the extent of availability of nutrients in a form easily assimilated by plants.

These bio-fertilizer are valuable in not only providing nutrients such as N,P, and K but also mobilizes native soil phosphorous and render it available to crops.

Q.3) Extinct species can be considered as:

1. Extinct species are the one which are no more present in wild areas.
2. Extinct species are the one which are no more present in managed areas.

Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the above

Ans-[C]
Explanation- Extinction of a particular animal or plant species occurs when there are no more individuals of that species alive anywhere in the world whether it is wild area or a managed area. The one which is present in the managed areas but absent in wild areas is known as extinct in the wild.

Q.4) Mercury Pollution may be caused due to which of the following?

1. Coal based thermal power plants.
2. Exhausts from supersonic jets.
3. Automobiles exhaust
4. Thermal waste incinerators

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 1, 3 and 4 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1 and 4 only

Ans-[B]
Explanation– Artificial sources include – Alkali and metal processing, incineration of coal(in power plants too), medical waste and waste incinerators, electrical/electronics devices, automobiles exhaust and mining of gold and mercury. Natural sources of mercury pollution are volcanoes, geologic deposits of mercury and volatilization from the ocean. Often some springs are naturally high in mercury concentration.

Q.5) Namdapha National Park is situated in which state of India?
a) Nagaland
b) Arunachal Pradesh
c) Manipur
d) Meghalaya

Ans- [B]
Explanation– It  is the largest protected area in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot and is located in Arunachal Pradesh. It is also the third largest national park in India in terms of area.

Q.6) Northern hemisphere experiences its longest day and shortest night on summer solstice due to

1. sun vertical over equator
2. sun vertical over Tropic of Cancer
3. inclined axis of the earth

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1 and 3 only

Ans- [B]

Explanation– As you can see in the diagram, Sun shines vertically over tropic of cancer during summer solstice. This is the time when there is summer season in N-Hemisphere. It shines vertically over tropic of capricorn in winter solstice and during this time there is winter season in N-hemisphere. When it shines vertically over equator it is known as equinoxes.

Q.7) Consider the following regions

1. Darbhanga
2. Koena
3. Rann of Kutch

Which of the above places have a fault line that causes frequent and major earthquakes?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1, 2 and 3
d) none of the above

Ans-[C]
Explanation– Rann of kutch has many fault lines as you can read in this the Hindu article. The earthquake in Koena region, Maharashtra are due to river fault. Darbhanga region falls in zone 5 seismicity.

Q.8) Landforms created by river during upper course, middle course and Lower course has been shown in pairs.

             Landforms                 River Course

1. U-shape valley           : Lower course
2. Delta                              : upper course
3. ox-bow lakes               : lower course

which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 2 and 3 only

Ans- (c)
Explanation-
Upper-course -steep-sided V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, rapids, waterfalls and gorges.
Middle-course -wider, shallower valleys, meanders, and oxbow lakes.
Lower-course – wide flat-bottomed valleys, floodplains, ox-bow lakes and deltas.
[ox-bow lakes are found in lower course of river as well, for reference, check 2nd page of chapter 3 of NCERT Class IX of Geography] Therefore, option (c) would be correct answer.

Q.9) Which among the following are examples of hot deserts located between 15 to 30 degrees North and South and on the western coasts of continents?

1. Patagonian desert
2. Takla Makan
3. Atacama desert
4. Great Australian desert

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 3 and 4 only

Ans – [C]

Explanation- It is simple atlas based question.

Q.10) Peninsular plateau incorporates which of the following portion in India?

1. Peninsula of Kutch
2. Aravali ranges
3. Plateau of Meghalaya

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans- [C]

Explanation- Karbi-Meghalaya plateau is an extension of the main Indian peninsular plateau. Peninsula of kutch was once an island and surrounded by seas and lagoons until it was filled up. The filling was perhaps through sediments brought down by Indus river. In this way it became part of mainland.