1. Write a note on Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)? What are it’s significance for India and how is it different from Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)?

GSLV is a launch vehicle used to launch INSAT class of satellites (GSAT series) into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbits. It is a three-stage launcher with one solid rocket motor stage, liquid stage and one cryogenic stage. With its efficient cryogenic engine it could lift greater loads into space.

Significance of GSLV:

• Mastering space technology: Despite restrictions on dual use technologies, India has built & validated fully working highly complex cryogenic rocket propulsion system. Eg: GSLV-Mk II can launch much heavier satellites which weigh around 5000 kg.

• Space Research:  Enables to launch space stations to much higher altitudes

• Commercial launch market: Compared to launch vehicles of other countries, it costs almost half to launch satellites with GSLV

• Self reliant in vehicle launch: With successful launch of GSLV-MKIII India could achieve complete self-reliance and with cheaper launches help the Indian exchequer.

• Good governance: Tele-education, tele-medicine, village resource centre, remote banking disaster management system etc. would benefit and in turn help provide efficient basic services to even remote parts of the country.

• Strategic significance: Will help insulate India from whims & uncertainties of global space launch market which is changing with shifting geo-political priorities.  

Difference between GSLV & PSLV