Marks : 125
1.Health and well-being for all – prospects and challenges.
स्वास्थ्य और सबका कल्याण – संभावनाएं और चुनौतियाँ।
2.De-globalization and its impact.
वीवैशिविकरण और उसका प्रभाव।
yaar ye batao ki photo itna clean kaise rhte hain tumhare answers ke
when you say de-globalisation will encourage terrorism, i don’t agree with it because chief supplier of arms to the rebel groups like kurds, IS rebels in syria is USA. If USA takes a protectionist approach in coming time not ony its border will get more closed it will also lead to decline of terrorist activities. You see, Syria is the stage where US and Russia perform. NATO is not against terrorism but to contain Russia and its sphere of influence.
India Joining OBOR initiative is highly improbable and not the right thing according to me. As it will amount to giving legitimacy to construction over disputed territory.
Pls point out your reservation….I would like to make necessary amendments in my notes.
ok
Telegram pe roj aate hai notes.
Mai notes banata nahi mam.
Insight ke readymade notes hi padh leta hu.
Hey,
what is your approach towards writing Essays – do you read/google and then write or is it Instantaneous-without reading I mean ?
no doubt its’ a wonderful essay..
God bless …
Hey,
what is your approach towards writing Essays – do you read/google and then write or is it Instantaneous-without reading I mean ?
no doubt its’ a wonderful essay..
stay blessed !
will you plz share your notes of the hindu
Thanks Castro !
Valuable inputs..(though I have my own reservations on some points)
I will try to improve
Kwar 🙂
Very comprehensive essayindeed!
Some other points which could have been included…
1. Deglobaliation and sudden fall of military alliances like NATO….will boost terrorism in West Asia. Encourage rougje nations like N.Korea.
2. Globalization has paved way for democracy and freedom of speech in howsoever small fraction…..One could not have expected campaigns against Communist regime in China in non globalized world.
3. De-Globalization will prevent technology transfers which is very essential for development of African nations.
4. Issues like human rights violation have gained momentum due to unification of ppl brought about by mutual interest in globalized world.
WHat can be done??
1.India and China have opportunity to shape new global world order.
2.India should join OBOR initiative.
3.Rather than multilateral forums like WTO, bilateral or trilateral grouping scan be promoted so that interest of all nations can be adjusted even in long run.
4.Globalization demands global governance. UN should be given more teeth and be made free from unilateral domination of few western countries.
5.India stands a chance to diversify its market with Africa and latin AMerica ans US threate to pull out from forums like TPP, NAFTA etc.
Hope that these add value to your essay.
plz review my essay
De-globalization and Its Impact
AS the British PM announced, Britain’s withdrawal announcement from European union(EU) , China’s self -reliance policy and Newly elected USA president Donald Trump’s America first policy, now the debate is raising on De-globalization . Is world’s major economy country moving towards DE-globalization. Are these countries following inward policy.
Let us discuss in this essay , about globalization , de-globalization from ancient period to present time and Impact of De-globalization both positive and negative impact.
Globalization : means interconnected nation with each other in term of trade, health, defence, security, education , society etc. Globalization bring lot of benefit to both host country and home country in term of revenue , employment generation, defence, security, and cultural exchange.
De-globalization: Means not connected with other countries and focusing more on self- Reliance.
In ancient period , world is highly de-globalized to each other countries, this is evident from the fact that, Alexender the Great with wish to win all over the world , destroyed number of cities and win countries like Persia, Iran, Kabul etc. Now the question arise why the alexender able to to win these countries? The answer to this question is that all these countries are not connected to each other either in term trade or defence force.
If we talk from India perspective, During ancient period nation is disconnected to other nation . It was during , Ashoka murya period, trade and defence relation started with other countries like Iran, greek , Persia etc.
In Medieval Period also number of invader came to India like Mohammad Gauri, Gaznvi, Do you know why these invader came to India , Answer is because of Disconnected relation of Indian Emperir with other nation.
In modern times, Vasco-di-Gamma , reached India accidentally, because of de-globalized world.
In present time, the USA’s America First, India’s make in India, Britain’s Brexit give an an indication that major economy of world moving towards de-globalization and they wants to focus more on self -sufficient, and wants to promote domestic industries. If this true, we will look both positive and negative aspect of DE-globalization
positive aspect of DE-globalization
1. promote domestic industries
2.provide employment to local people
3.Profit earned will be remained within the country.
4. Local resources are best utilized
5. Promote Indigenous science and technology
6. Nation will not depend on other countries.
Negative Aspect
1.Loss of foreign FDI
2. Cultural and Social exchange between countries will be stop
3.De-globalization will affect political and international relation between various countries.
4. De-globalization will impact our education society , as lot of students went for higher studies in different countries like USA , UK JAPAN etc.
5. Every country will be in a race of self-sufficient, no one will think about world peace and Harmony .
So, With De-globalization every country will try to protect its own interest, but today, No country in the world is self -sufficent, and every country is depend on each other in term of trade , investment, oil, healthcare, Defence etc.
plz give review
plz don’t call me sir…
we are passengers of the same boat!
keep writing!
plz dont call me mam too, as said by Rythem we are passangers of same boat, u can call me neha
you are welcome bro.
Plz don’t call me sir.. we are passengers of the same boat !
Thank you mam.
I’ll write thse additional points in my notebook
Ur right sir.
Thank you for detailed analysis
Sir kindly provide marks out of 125 to all essays since this was a test so that we all keep movg ahead of our marks. Thanks.:)
PLEASE REVIEW
Health and well-being for all – prospects and challenges
It is a sad reality that people in rural India are dying because of lack of health care infrastructure, our country’s total IMR and MMR among the highest in the world, the rate of suicide is abnormally high because of no care of mental health, and tribal health is at the lowest among all communities. The health care of women, child, differently abled, and geriatric is in the possible miserable condition. According to World Bank’s Universal Health Coverage Index, India is at the 157th position of entire 195 Nations. Lancet Report mentions that India is the poorest performer of all BRICS countries. Is there health and well-being for all? Are we targeting health and wellness for all? Indeed, yes! Then what are the reasons for such deplorable condition?
In this essay, I will discuss the problems of health care. What are the prospects and challenges associated with them? Also, I will investigate on the way forward for such a condition.
Health care is not only medical care, but also all aspects of preventive care as well. WHO defines health as “State of total physical, mental and social well-being and not a mere absence of disease or infirmity.” But, in India, there is no such health well being. Let’s look at the problems of health care in India.
The SOCIAL problems are enormous. There is a complete neglect of rural population. According to KPMG report, 32% hospitals and 16% beds are available in the rural areas where nearly 75% of the population reside. Furthermore, the suicide rate is immense in India. According to WHO, the suicide incidences in India are 21.1 per one lakh population. It confirms the lack of mental well-being of citizens. Also, the tribal community is fighting hard against the health problems. The Under-5 mortality among the tribals is more than any other community in India.
Similarly, there are many POLITICAL and INFRASTRUCTURAL problems. There is an overemphasis on secondary and tertiary health care facilities with no serious primary health centers, which is the first point of contact. Furthermore, the condition of healthcare infrastructure is in a sad state. There is a lack of hospitals along with the weak strength of doctors and nurses. It is a policy failure as the focus is more on demand-side rather than handling supply side. For instance, lack of emphasis on hygiene, environment, sanitation, etc.
There are ECONOMIC problems too. On the one hand, there is massive poverty which doesn’t allow people to use expensive health services in the private sector. On the contrary, public health expenditure is inadequate. The public health care spending is nearly 1% of GDP, which is way below than the other developing countries. For instance, China invests approximately 3% of GDP. Therefore, the out of pocket expenditure shifts families from APL to BPL.
Likewise, there are ETHICAL issues involved in the medical system. The lack of regulation by the government in private sector allows doctors and hospitals to adopt unethical practices. The lack of awareness among the patients provides doctors to take benefit of “supplier induced demand” to extract money.
As mentioned above, the problems are plenty in the health care system. It is also wrong to say that government hasn’t done anything to heal the ailing health care industry. But the challenges have overcome the prospects. Let us discuss the prospects and challenges associated with the problem.
For tackling the rural health care problems, there have been schemes like National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and ASHA workers. But the structure isn’t enough; there are significant flaws in governance and implementation. On the other hand, out of pocket expenditure or affordability is covered through Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) but it is more secondary and tertiary health problems and neglecting the main primary health care services. The ambitious scheme of Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) aims at correcting the imbalance in the availability of affordable health care facility by setting up AIMS-like institutes. But, there is a criticism of being too ambitious and not entertaining the issues related to the primary health sector.
The Jan Aushadhi scheme set up many Jan Aushadhi stores which provide quality generic drugs at affordable prices. But, there are issues regarding lack of medicines reported as only 73 of 361 essential drugs listed under the Jan Aushadhi scheme. Furthermore, there is a huge push towards traditional AYUSH mission, but the existing infrastructure of AYUSH in underutilized and practitioners are moving away from the traditional system for better opportunities.
Providing health care for vulnerable sections is critical for reaching universal health coverage. In this respect, calling ‘Viklang’ to ‘Divyang’ is a good step in changing the attitude towards differently abled. Also, the Accessibility Program (Sugamya Bharat) is a prospect, but there are still many buildings with no ramps and wheelchair supported toilets. The Mental Health Bill for providing universal mental health is a significant step, but the lack of mental health practitioners creates a huge gap in the implementation of such initiative in the future. Similarly, high MMR and IMR shows India is unable to tackle the problems of institutional delivery though there are schemes of Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) and Janani Shishi Suraksha Yojana (JSSY).
Therefore, many steps are taken, but lots more are required. The recent MDG results are a manifestation of this problem. The new SDGs which emphasize on universal health coverage (SDG-3) is a good initiative. Now, it is important to understand how the health care for all is achievable. How to solve the challenges and set the future course of action?
There is a need to tackle the problems in a multidimensional manner. There are four areas which need immediate focus. The priority quarters are availability, accessibility, affordability and awareness. For AVAILABILITY, more medical practitioners must be trained. More priority for primary health services required in rural and tribal areas, in this regard, AYUSH practitioners can play a useful role. Furthermore, the essential drugs should be added in Jan Aushadhi scheme. For ACCESSIBILITY, implementation along with infrastructure enhancement is the need of the hour. The rural-urban divide is enormous; therefore, proper supply chain management is indispensable. The usage technology is good for accessibility, the use of telemedicine is very helpful.
For AFFORDABILITY, increase in public spending is required. Collective Health Cess (CHC) could be levied for an increase in funding. Also, more push for research and development is very essential. The focus area is expanding in penetration of health insurance. According to NSSO Report, only 81% of the population are under the coverage of health insurance. For AWARENESS, providing community-based services are necessary. Regular workshops of associated health programs along with Nukkad-Nataks and plays could increase the awareness level of people.
Therefore, a holistic approach is required to take this challenge. Though, the hurdle of healing health sector requires a long process. But, if all the steps as mentioned above are made with proper implementation, the dream of health and well-being for all will become a reality.
PLEASE REVIEW
Health and well-being for all – prospects and challenges
It is a sad reality that people in rural India are dying because of lack of health care infrastructure, our country’s total IMR and MMR among the highest in the world, the rate of suicide is abnormally high because of no care of mental health, and tribal health is at the lowest among all communities. The health care of women, child, differently abled, and geriatric is in the possible miserable condition. According to World Bank’s Universal Health Coverage Index, India is at the 157th position of entire 195 Nations. Lancet Report mentions that India is the poorest performer of all BRICS countries. Is there health and well-being for all? Are we targeting health and wellness for all? Indeed, yes! Then what are the reasons for such deplorable condition?
In this essay, I will discuss the problems of health care. What are the prospects and challenges associated with them? Also, I will investigate on the way forward for such a condition.
Health care is not only medical care, but also all aspects of preventive care as well. WHO defines health as “State of total physical, mental and social well-being and not a mere absence of disease or infirmity.” But, in India, there is no such health well being. Let’s look at the problems of health care in India.
The SOCIAL problems are enormous. There is a complete neglect of rural population. According to KPMG report, 32% hospitals and 16% beds are available in the rural areas where nearly 75% of the population reside. Furthermore, the suicide rate is immense in India. According to WHO, the suicide incidences in India are 21.1 per one lakh population. It confirms the lack of mental well-being of citizens. Also, the tribal community is fighting hard against the health problems. The Under-5 mortality among the tribals is more than any other community in India.
Similarly, there are many POLITICAL and INFRASTRUCTURAL problems. There is an overemphasis on secondary and tertiary health care facilities with no serious primary health centers, which is the first point of contact. Furthermore, the condition of healthcare infrastructure is in a sad state. There is a lack of hospitals along with the weak strength of doctors and nurses. It is a policy failure as the focus is more on demand-side rather than handling supply side. For instance, lack of emphasis on hygiene, environment, sanitation, etc.
There are ECONOMIC problems too. On the one hand, there is massive poverty which doesn’t allow people to use expensive health services in the private sector. On the contrary, public health expenditure is inadequate. The public health care spending is nearly 1% of GDP, which is way below than the other developing countries. For instance, China invests approximately 3% of GDP. Therefore, the out of pocket expenditure shifts families from APL to BPL.
Likewise, there are ETHICAL issues involved in the medical system. The lack of regulation by the government in private sector allows doctors and hospitals to adopt unethical practices. The lack of awareness among the patients provides doctors to take benefit of “supplier induced demand” to extract money.
As mentioned above, the problems are plenty in the health care system. It is also wrong to say that government hasn’t done anything to heal the ailing health care industry. But the challenges have overcome the prospects. Let us discuss the prospects and challenges associated with the problem.
For tackling the rural health care problems, there have been schemes like National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and ASHA workers. But the structure isn’t enough; there are significant flaws in governance and implementation. On the other hand, out of pocket expenditure or affordability is covered through Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) but it is more secondary and tertiary health problems and neglecting the main primary health care services. The ambitious scheme of Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) aims at correcting the imbalance in the availability of affordable health care facility by setting up AIMS-like institutes. But, there is a criticism of being too ambitious and not entertaining the issues related to the primary health sector.
The Jan Aushadhi scheme set up many Jan Aushadhi stores which provide quality generic drugs at affordable prices. But, there are issues regarding lack of medicines reported as only 73 of 361 essential drugs listed under the Jan Aushadhi scheme. Furthermore, there is a huge push towards traditional AYUSH mission, but the existing infrastructure of AYUSH in underutilized and practitioners are moving away from the traditional system for better opportunities.
Providing health care for vulnerable sections is critical for reaching universal health coverage. In this respect, calling ‘Viklang’ to ‘Divyang’ is a good step in changing the attitude towards differently abled. Also, the Accessibility Program (Sugamya Bharat) is a prospect, but there are still many buildings with no ramps and wheelchair supported toilets. The Mental Health Bill for providing universal mental health is a significant step, but the lack of mental health practitioners creates a huge gap in the implementation of such initiative in the future. Similarly, high MMR and IMR shows India is unable to tackle the problems of institutional delivery though there are schemes of Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) and Janani Shishi Suraksha Yojana (JSSY).
Therefore, many steps are taken, but lots more are required. The recent MDG results are a manifestation of this problem. The new SDGs which emphasize on universal health coverage (SDG-3) is a good initiative. Now, it is important to understand how the health care for all is achievable. How to solve the challenges and set the future course of action?
There is a need to tackle the problems in a multidimensional manner. There are four areas which need immediate focus. The priority quarters are availability, accessibility, affordability and awareness. For AVAILABILITY, more medical practitioners must be trained. More priority for primary health services required in rural and tribal areas, in this regard, AYUSH practitioners can play a useful role. Furthermore, the essential drugs should be added in Jan Aushadhi scheme. For ACCESSIBILITY, implementation along with infrastructure enhancement is the need of the hour. The rural-urban divide is enormous; therefore, proper supply chain management is indispensable. The usage technology is good for accessibility, the use of telemedicine is very helpful.
For AFFORDABILITY, increase in public spending is required. Collective Health Cess (CHC) could be levied for an increase in funding. Also, more push for research and development is very essential. The focus area is expanding in penetration of health insurance. According to NSSO Report, only 81% of the population are under the coverage of health insurance. For AWARENESS, providing community-based services are necessary. Regular workshops of associated health programs along with Nukkad-Nataks and plays could increase the awareness level of people.
Therefore, a holistic approach is required to take this challenge. Though, the hurdle of healing health sector requires a long process. But, if all the steps as mentioned above are made with proper implementation, the dream of health and well-being for all will become a reality.
hi pankaj
few points
1. your essay focuses only on the economic aspects of de-globalization
2. It has emerged as global phenomenon only recently.
3, U didn’t mention impacts on cimate change, terrorism, sharing of technology.etc.
4. Ancient india had flourishing trade with rest of the wolrd, for example – during gupta empire or stavahanas india had awesome trade relations with greeks. then During Delhi sultanate trade and cultural contacts were at all time high, evident from indo-islamic unique culture..
5. U need to improve on your language and quality of sentences.
6. Brexit being the first wave of this process can be argued.
keep writing
Very Good
*Very Good*
Thanks @forumIAS
But as a matter of fact, I m still waiting for my first MMP declaration.
Yes.
We try not to repeat the winners, at least for a duration of 1-2 months – so that others get encouraged as well. But, keep writing and reviewing the answers,
Great Reviews Rhythm.. Wish we could give you Mains Marathon Prize again 🙂
Maybe, you might get another one soon!
Yep, agree!
thanks for detailed review…will improve
Nice attempt, u have covered major aspects, u can use some quote like vasudev kutumbkam , the whole world is our home etc.
Review my essay Varsha
Dear sir
Review mine
Mam please review my essay
Review mine..
Sir
Plz review my essay
Sir, review mine
Review my essay
Review mine
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Work on linking paragraphs.. sometimes you have haphazardly jumped from one topic to another
At few places it is repetitive like poverty one
At many places you have written points which are not incorrect but its margin of the topic like where you mentioned healthy people will contribute to democracy (earlier para was enough in this case), then there was countries affected by climate change (in this case, i had to imagine in my head that if they are worst affected, they must be having hardships in life maybe in terms of water and all.. which wasn’t mentioned properly)
Start was good.. you can improve on conclusion (make it impactful)
Prospects could be better.. u could have written leveraging new technologies like personalized medicines, biofortified foods, telemedicine etc
It was a good essay though.. but pointed out to make it better 🙂
And only Raashi is good, maam is not required 🙂
Thanks ratnesh 🙂
Surely will download cam scanner 🙂
Thanks for additional points 🙂
Intro was too good.. well organised and good content.. u really write good essays 🙂
किसी भी शीर्षक पे निबन्ध लिखने के तीन भाग किये जा सकते हैं –
1, “क्या” भाग – इसमें आप निबंध क शीर्षक को समझाने का काम करते हैं|
2. “कैसे” भाग – जिसमें आप शीर्षक के साथ चीज़ों को जोड़कर अलग अलग परिपेक्ष में दर्शाते हो
3. “क्यों” भाग – इसमें आप शीर्षक की गहराई में उतरते हो |
क्या और कैसे तो आपको ज्यादातर निबंधो में मिल जाएगा, लेकिन अगर आप “क्यों” वाले हिस्से को अच्छे से दर्शा पाए तो आपके निबंध का स्तर बढ़ जाएगा
धन्यवाद
Essay : De-globalisation and its impact.
Economists believe the world economies go through phases of rise and fall.In fact in very recent years a keen observer of economic trends would observe such a shift.While for the national economies such a shift is easily spotted, on the global level such sinosoidal trends span over a couple of decades.The collapse of the sub prime mortgage market in America that led to the collapse of the banking sector has its effect on the entire world economy ,and we still are reeling form its after effects.
Eight years on ,while govts look to strengthen their economies and institutions to prevent another economic crisis it is only prudent to look at the cause behind it.Numerous studies have been taken up to understand what led to the 2008 crisis,how did the brightest of minds escape it or did they see it coming ? In hindsight we all tend to be wiser than the rest .But majority of the blame points to the excessive greed and nature of capitalism. America is a leader among the Capitalist nations ,where at one time even the mention of the word “Socialism” was critically looked down upon. The “American dream” is fundamentally built on the idea that if you work hard you can get rich and live the american way .Espousing hard work and aspiring to be rich seem alright.In fact capitalism with the help of globalisation acted as steroids for economic growth not just of America but the other nations as well.But history has shown us instances when this dream came at the peril of others it was then were all the issues cropped up.Such Instances have brought forth the short comings of a globalised world that was eyeing an exponential and uncontrolled growth.But they also act as an intervention to step back and learn and mend those shortcomings .
We will see what those shortcomings and challenges are ,later on .Before that lets have a look into the historical aspects that led us here.
Historical view :
History has important lessons to teach us about the present and the future ,only if we are wise enough to learn.
Starting with Europe the effects of IR slowly began to be felt world over.With the age of discovery having its roots across Europe they ended up bearing the fruits foremost. New trade routes led to the initial steps of globalisation. New routes led to new lands ,trade in new products and prosperity of few over the others.Colonisation spread and was based on the globalisation of exploitation of the powerful over the weak.
But over time these colonies learnt the importance of their rights over their land and produce ,revolutions and protests followed to protect them.America was among the first colonies to gain independence and proved an inspiration for the other colonies.America quickly rose as an economic power.Years leading upto the 1st ww saw prosperity and development across america ,the other colonial powers and few colonies.
Plus the years after the 1st WW provided the american economy an even further boast.While other nations involved in the war looked at consolidating and recovering from the consequences of war,America having entered the war in its last stretch remained unfazed .It ended up providing loans and weapons to many european countries.
This period of growth and prosperity was however short lived.
Domestic consumption and global demand on account of war insured huge returns to American industrialists .The initial profits gained were invested into setting up more industries . But with the end of the war the major chunk of the demand quickly vanished ,and this led to the crisis of 1929 called the great depression.Industries with inventories going unsold suffered losses.Some had to shut down and thousands of workers were laid off. The effects were also felt across other sectors like Banking were a collapse of the banking sector led to millions losing their savings. Unemployment and poverty led to social disharmony and mass migrations.The colonial powers and their colonies who depended upon america and were in debt also suffered the brunt. These were among the starkest repercussions of globalisation.
A similar trend was seen with the 2008 crisis that had its beginnings in America. With the years leading upto 2008,saw the world economies growing exponentially.This bubble of growth and prosperity burst with the sub-prime mortgage lending collapse.That led to the further collapse of banks across america. With the globalised economies all being affected. Again millions lost their jobs and a decrease in economic growth all over.
And as the world economic growth still reeling from the 2008 aftermath it throws open the question ,Is globalisation the way forward? or we ought to look at something different .With changing political and economic situations a growing debate over an alternative to globalisation has been gaining ground.
Shortfalls of Globalisation :
Before we look at an alternative to globalisation ,first lets see some of the shortfalls of globalisation .
* inequality : the gap between the rich and poor has only widened .Even situations like the asian financial crisis or 2008 crisis ,end up hurting the poor more than the rich.
* migration : with the industries being globalised ,people often move long distances to look for jobs .In turn spoiling the balance of family life.
* development : poverty ,poor healthcare ,education and infra have had little success especially among the developing countries and least developed countries.
* security: threats posed by climate change ,epidemics like ebola ,terrorism, cyber warfare no longer remain localised and have started to have a global influence.
Govts often in nexus with big businesses and corporations make policies that favour the rich and their own interests.Corruption ,nepotism ,lobbying are the results which impede fair competition and growth .The poor ultimately lose hope and trust in the establishment.
Shift in stance from globalisation towards Nationalisation:
The problems with globalisation have become more evident in recent times.And the effect of 2008 crisis has not been listed to just the economic side of globalisation .
Political systems have also seen a swing towards rise of populist ideology .
* Recent Bre-exit saw Britain voting to leave the European union under growing discontent among the public towards the way things were. A cry against the establishment to look tawdry the nation first before moving towards global prosperity.
* The same anti-establishment uprising was seen during the American presidential elections .Trump’s rise from being an outsider to bureaucratic establishment ,was a clear message of growing frustration among people. Where many looked even beyond the xenophobic vitriol and hatred being spited.
Political parties have been quick to re boot their ideologies to exploit the anxious working class demographics on whom the effect of global turmoil has been the most.
An altetnative to globalisation.
This rising populist ideology has been fast catching ground .So it is prudent to look at what alternatives if any that can be looked at.An extreme form of de-globalisation that totally undoes what globalisation aimed to do might not be the answer.
* While globalisation called for Opening up borders and furthering Free-trade ,de-globalsiation aims at Closing borders like the President elect Trump’s proposal to build a “Wall “across American and mexico’s border.
* While globalisation aimed to enhance the moment of Goods,Money and People ,de-globalisation aims to put a stop or slow them by strengthening emigration norms and a tougher vetting process.
* Globalisation through economic prosperity looked to build relationships with neighbouring nations ,but with de-globalsiation there looms a fear of past hostilities re-surfacing .
* Under globalisation militarisation was seen as a means of deterrence and nuclear capability for energy purposes,but under de-globlisation arms race and nuclear warfare could see a push.
Way forward:
The stark realities of our times are such that on account of the changing political and econmic environment call for a reorientation of the old system of globalisation. Plus the threats of climate change and the rise of ISIS,new strategic challenges that find evidence in China’s contention in South China sea,Russia’s interference in Ukraine and over Crimea,Syrian civil war and Refugee exodus make it all the more essential for the world to come together.
“Unity in Diversity” finds relevance even today .Striving for Unity that accommodates each others diversity and assimilates our differences to rise stronger .The idea of “Vasudeva Kutumbakam” that the entire world is one big family needs more propagation than ever before.
Kindly review …good people .
And earn some good karma ?
thanks brother,for your feedback,ill keep these points in minds for future reference,but aap ki likhne ki jo शैली hai wo ek alag level ki hai,koi tips how we can improve specially in content.
बहुत अच्छा लिखा है रत्नेश
संभावनाओ में कुछ और बिंदु डाले जा सकते हैं, जैसे की – बेहतर स्वास्थ बीमा , उच्च स्तरीय शोध को बढ़ावा, आदि |
धन्यवाद!
@Rashi27:disqus mam plz review
Plz review…
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thanks for review……..
thanks…. 🙂
awesome write,if possible you can use app like cam scanner,for better scan of copy,its looks a bit blurry….content is good as always…if possible please review mine
well written bro,setting up new benchmark every time,if possible review mine.
Cool
kkkkk….i willl..tnxxx
okkkkkkkkkkkk…by d way this my first essay…i have mention goverments schemes and plansss for urs prospectss
Bahat acha!
Keep writing!
Good review!
yes , while writing even i realized i am getting much into comparison .No worry! will improve by time.
Thanks for reviewing cotton
Ek nazar topic ki or daalein 😛
Prospects means future possibilities
Oh. That explains a lot. 🙂
You did cover many interesting points and the structure is fine. Do complete the essay. It is a much more fun and challenging exercise.
you have presented simple yet nice thinking over the topic.but the core topic is deglobalisation and its impact.only last two paragraph talk about this. I think whole essay should always talk about the topic in some way or that.
wikipedia…gud u got…..prospetcs??? means..??? i wrote everything ….
thanks student!
i understand your point (even i was confused initially) but the topic is “de-globalization and its impact” and not “Impacts of De-globalization”.
I hope you will understand my approach now.
tnxxxx …but i wrote only structure and format ..i did not explain …so now reviewwwww..
Awesome essay .keep writing . Good handwriting
Health kich zyada define kar dia hai.. Rather than jumping on the topic.. Like Wikipedia 😛
points of challenges are good.. And i think its Quacks and not Quakes..
where were prospects?
Review my essay and give suggestions to improve the same.
Instead of listing down the issues and solutions in a point wise format (very informative though!), you could pick a few of them and elaborate more. Linking the points into more cohesive structure is recommended. Also, the essay needs to be concluded. Terrific introduction though.
Keep writing and reviewing!
Neatly covered all the domains. Good examples too. You could have avoided analyzing most of the points exclusively from a globalization point of view.
Keep writing and reviewing!
PLZZZ REVIEW MINE..ONLY STRUCTUREEE
PLZZZZZ REVIEW MINE…ONLY STRUCURE AND FORMAT
PLZZZ REVIEW MINE..ONLY STRUCTURE AND FORMAT…I DID NOT EXPLAIN
” it is health that is real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver” (Mahatma Gandhi)
Health is the level of functional and metabolic efficiency of a living organism. In humans it is the ability of individuals or communities to adapt and self-manage when facing physical, mental or social changes.The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in its 1948 constitution as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”The definition of health has evolved over time. In keeping with the biomedical perspective, early definitions of health focused on the theme of the body’s ability to function; health was seen as a state of normal function that could be disrupted from time to time by disease. An example of such a definition of health is: “a state characterized by anatomic, physiologic, and psychological integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with physical, biologic, psychological, and social stress”.
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH:
Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance for both his health status and quality of their life. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society. According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the person’s individual characteristics and behaviors.
Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance for both his health status and quality of their life. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society. According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the person’s individual characteristics and behaviors.
More specifically, key factors that have been found to influence whether people are healthy or unhealthy include the following:
1)Income and social status
2)Social support networks
3)Education and literacy
4)Employment/working conditions
5)Social environments
6)Physical environments
7)Personal health practices and coping skills
8)Healthy child development
9)Biology and genetics
10)Health care services
11)Gender
12)Culture
HEALTH AND ITS IMPACT:
1)ECONOMY:Health has a direct effect on growth rate of an economy as a healthy worker can work more number of hours with more efficiency than a unhealthy worker
2)Social status:Generally in a family and in society a unhealhty person is looked upon as inferior way compare to a healthy person that effect the
3)CULTURE:Health plays great role in showing our culture as we can see in festivel like jallikattu a healthier bull is use for fight
4)HISTORY:From the history we know the story of lord krishna eating butter by thefting which is signifies the importnave of health
5)ENVIROMENT: A good enviroment leads to a good healthy life
6)Geographical area:Geography has important role as due to change of geography the cropping and other factor like climate weathers changes that effects health
7)Goverment :Goverment has very important role in making a good healthy population by making a effective legislation
8)ADMINISTRATION:The proper imlementaion of legislation
HEALTH AND ISSUE:
1)POVERTY:
2)PRIVATISATION OF HOSPITALS:
3)WOMENS HEALTH:
4)INCREASING QUAKES:
5)INEFFECTIVE LEGISLATION:
6)INACCURATE DATA ON HEALTH
7)LESS BUDGET FOR HEALTH:
8)LACK OF GOVERMENT INFRASTRUCTURE:
GOVERMENT SCHEMES AND PLANS:
1)MATERNITY BILL,HIV AID BILL, SURROGACY BILL,,MENTAL-ILLNESS BILL
2)PMMSA ,ANGANBADI,MAA SCHEME
4)HEALTH INSURANCE
5)SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN
6)PRADHAN MANTRI UJJWALA YOJNA
7)MADE COMPULSORY FOR DOCTORS TO SERVE IN RURAL AREAS
8)ICDS ,NAMANI GANGA PROGRAMM
Thanks
Please review
very good introduction …nice essay
ideas and content is on the mark dear but i feel presentation could have been better for example regarding impacts. it is an important part of given topic ….should have been addressed more analytically rather than simple enumeration of positive and negative impacts. Conclusion is very nice. Sentences should be short and clear.
You have covered a lot of points. Good. But, try to connect them and present them in a logical fashion. Writing in paragraphs is generally recommended for the same. A more multidimensional analysis will make your essay stand out.
Keep writing and reviewing!
your essay is good.more points like yoga , schemes can be added.
yes i agree, need to work upon that.
You have have focused more on prospects. Few good use of examples.
Otherwise, when you have not attended the other part .i.e, challenges, your essay seems incomplete.
Check mine too.
Thanks.
Neatly presented. Could have talked about the rising cost and decreasing availability, accessibility of medicines (bedaquiline issue) and elaborated on mental health issues too.
Keep writing and reviewing!
Plz review..
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You should improve on language.. at many places, you need to formalize writing skills.. like ‘dangerous to dangerous disease’.. we might speak like this in informal setting but we don’t write like that
Another eg- 24 hours sitting on computer
Biological weapon in WW2?
There are some spelling mistakes (if that’s typo, its ok.. happens with me too but if not then notice spellings too while reading)..
Prefer making short sentences
Conclusion could be better
Overall its a good essay
Review mine 🙂
Some Internet issue unable to upload will do it as soon as it gets resolved 🙂
The economic meltdown has popularised a new term called de-globalisation. It a period of diminishing interdependence and integration between certain units around the world, mainly between nation-states. In simple term we can call it “globalisation retreating”
It stands in contrast with globalisation, in which interdependence of trade and businesses increases between the states and nations.
Economic slowdown is not the same as De-globalization but it is in-fact a stress period for growing economies .It can be measured by the effect it causes on its economy. The influx- outflux of working class, the generation of revenues by export – import and by the panic it creates around the economic intellectuals are some sign to know it.
For years, poor countries have been growing faster than rich ones. The gap between real GDP growth in emerging markets and in rich countries widened from nothing in 1991 to about five points in 2007. For country like India it has helped it to integrate into world economies, since the 1991 deregulation. Globalization has several aspects and that can be political, cultural, social and/or economic. In same way de-globalization will have similar sets of impact.
De-globalization and its impact on India:
Pro-Political impact: De-globalization signals the weakening of global governance structure. It means a process of re-structuring of world economies and political system. India can use this period to establish itself as a stable market and showcase the world its leadership capability which can counter the stress period and will give them a better alternative market in coming time.
It comes with a local as well as a glocal impact. Environmental, social , economic and security threat gloom. A powerful local politics is required to tackle these period.
Con-Political impact: It lures the powerful nation to create and alternative system of national and global economies and political governance. It leads to unhealthy competition and crashing in into others share to diminish its political importance at world stage. Creation of AIIB by china can be seen as a alternative to dethrone Western supremacy of market .
Cultural impact:
Pro- impact: Globalization impact a local culture and it have tendency to diffuse into the local society and create a new form.Deglobalization will help to reverse homogenization and cultural diversity locally .Attitude and core values will start taking up its own place when , allegedly saying, contamination will slows down.
Con-impact: The rise of religious fundamentalist will be seen. Hindu-Fundamentalist, Muslim-Fundamentalist ,Christian-Fundamentalist will grow inadvertently to fill up the space and this will eventually grow inequality and hatred.
Social impact:
Pro-impact: society dominates a country as a whole. The thinking , inclination of a society force a country to move in that direction in which a society as a whole wants to. For ex: Globalization is often blamed to have impacted our fooding habits.From roti-chapati to burger-Pizza and from subzi-salad to deep fried salsa and wine. Globalisation is alleged to cause obesity too. This cooling period of de-globalization will let us focus on our home grown fooding habits.
Con-impact: Influence of global source gives a nation to opportunity to develop and magnify its sources and resources. With globalization we get options to have different production, exchange and distribution.
We should be open and free to adept to best new things.Change is necessary , until we change , we cant grow as a society. Globalisation increases trade and FDIs and as a result increases employment which is an elixir for the society to live in a charm.
Impact on education, agriculture and technology:
Literacy in India at present is 74 p.c. Foreign universities are collaborating with different Indian university to give it an environment to develop and compete with other world.The competition brings pressure to students to get into best institution and maintains its stay there.
At the same it have devalued our cultural ethos, and traditional studies.
Agriculture: Population rise have arises the demand of agriculture modernization and sustainability. With globalization agriculture field have got market, improved equipment ,mechanization of farming .
Competition have global market ,imports of packaged branded items, Continuous interference of WTO like institution have put up concern against open market .
Technology: It have both the role of being impacted and have impacted in scenario of globalisationa and deglobalisation.
Tv,Mobiles, Laptops have gave a human an edge in this fast changing environment , but have impacted their personal and social life too.
We share information to other world in a moment but share our space to infringe by social media.We are not independent but interdependent by the advent of technologies.
Impact on Security :
Pro-impact: Ethical responsibility of classes and masses with globalization decreases and make it opens to contaminate by greed . With advancement of technology and equipments it made easier for other nation to show supremacy over other nation. Continuous infringement and nose poking on a country’s local issue have made a state affairs vulnerable.
The recent Jallikattu issue have raised several question over ehical balance of international forum like PETA .NGOs in the past were working other international influences against India. De-globlisation is not permeant and its not a stoppage of international influence yet it gives a country like India to protect its supremacy in home.
Con-impact: You get less voice to speak up at international forum .If you don’t allow others to interfere even you cant interfere .Pakistani terrorist issue, indus river issue ,getting memebership at NSG,UNSC.These all will come when we have global outreach and forum.
Impact on economies:
De-globalisation halts free trade, export- import market and FDIs.
SEZs ,International trade Centre gives economy a structured boost and most important employment. Without globalization market will not rise with the limited avenues and growth will be impacted. In lat several years agricultural export have risen and have made agriculture sector propsperous. Increased flow of investment is not only used for business but for reforming and recuperating our social sector.
With de-globalization managing social, economic and political environment is difficult. It will widen the gap between poor , developing and rich economies and rise the risk of international conflict.
Conclusion:
By looking at the surroundings, there is overwhelming presence of pessimism, negativity, and cynicism. Terrorism ,threat have made a state vulnerable and to remain on toe always.India ranked third in count of GDP in the world and have not benefitted much from globalization. Since the opening our gate in 1991 sitution have not improved much.Poverty ,Disease still remains , but culprit is not globalizing the economy, how can an outer world impact much on these core-issues.
Time is to tap the nerve of the global masses and use the features of globalization like tariff, subsidies to negotiate at world stage to improve the quality of life in India.
The popular saying by Heraclitus a greek philosopher , explains much which holds true in today’s world too. “There is nothing permanent except change”.
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Well written.review mine
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Thanks brother…. For your kind words
Thanks bhai, I am trying to improve….
Raashi your page no 1 is quite blur. Please upload it again
awed
Thanks buddy!
That is very big comment..
I hope i can maintain my standards
thank you..
will try to improve more!
Awesome buddy, Aisa lag rha tha jaise mein koi speech padh rha hn….best essay I read today 🙂
You have written various diverse point that commendable but here are few observations:
* You wrote as thoughts come up in your mind w/o giving proper structure. You were explaining yoga in first paragraph and suddenly jumped to WW II
* Divide big paragraphs to smaller ones to make it ready easy and impact full
* Use subheading like negative and positive impacts of health, how health can be used in industries etc
* Conclusion has to be impact full
best esaay written by u i salute u
Impactful
De-Globalization and its Impact
Globalization means inter-connect among world economies in all major forms including trade, investment, industries, products, health, business and what not else. It was a phenomenon started in early 19th Century majorly due to industrial revolution in west and industries looking for new land for selling their products. But soon it became the need of every single country in developing its economy and its own development. Globalization benefited everyone and now is an integral part of everyone’s life, we can’t think of life all indigenous, we are globalized citizens now.
Lately, however, it has been noticed that concept of globalization started to help world in helping and developing each other is only helping some impact full countries and they are controlling countries via different mechanism which is through trade barriers, import duties etc. It was also seen that due to globalization one country is losing out its identity in world map as well as in its own country and globalization begun to seen as destroying cultural identities and internal development.
Promises by newly-elect president of America, Brexit referendum, using H1-B restriction as election agenda shows that countries are now moving towards protectionist measures. They are now involved more in providing thrust to indigenous population and to restrict outer influences at whatever level possible. De-Globalization is the new phenomenon which has started in west and will soon grab other economies as per speculation by many International forums.
Why de-globalization is becoming/became a reality:
* Unchecked regulation on globalization is destroying indigenous industries, promoting foreign products over local products
* High unemployment rate in all countries due to few globalized companies, restricting indigenous companies to grow and provide local employment
* People losing out their real identity and are threat to their culture and practices since globalization affect this aspect a lot
Impact of De-Globalization: There are positive as well as negative impact of de-globalization, mostly it will be negative in early term but with time will show positive results as well. Let’s have a look on those aspect.
Negative Impact of De-Globalization:
* Initial countries initiating this measures will be left out from the world trade mostly if it is developing or third world countries.
* Economies will be largely impacted in the initial years due to this and will have low growth rate, less employment opportunity, high government expenditure and less private investment. Govt must be ready with huge finance to tackle this else will have serious negative impact on country growth.
* Sanctions from other countries, high unemployment rate for initial years, negative impact on GDP, growth rate and thrust of citizens toward govt
* Drastically it will affect other aspect as well like health industries, IT services, border relationship, tourism, less products, no or less choice to citizen in choosing, etc
Positive Impact of De-Globalization:
* Growth of indigenous industries in longer run, generating huge local employment opportunities, growth of local markets, trades, connectedness among states.
* Will help in bringing uniqueness in market, cultural uniqueness and diversity of country, local practices will become common practices in country.
* It will also give impetus to unity among local citizens, self-sufficient, proper use of natural resources and regulated growth.
* It will also help in tourism in later phase, standardization of products, less regulation and security aspects
* It will also help in checking border issues, fake products in larger manner, safe from international rules and sanctions.
Any country which is opting for de-globalization must access the positive and negative aspect of it before taking any steps since de-globalization will have different-different impact of all countries, one may benefit from it and other may not. However, having said that, in the modern situation where there is so much of Globalization and interconnectedness, de-globalization can never be 100%. Country now can’t survive solely on its own industries and measures. Globalization is must taking into consideration of growing population, providing employment opportunity, reducing poverty, health issues and overall development.
Measure which can be helpful in checking unregulated globalization:
Globalization is must in current situation but unregulated globalization is a threat. Measures must be in place to check its growth upon local growth as well. Intune rules and regulation must be govt policies in taking benefit from globalization as well as maintaining local industries growth. A balance between this two components is ask of current modern situation.
Globalization is also not the same like it was in initial years, Globalization now is moving from advanced countries to third world countries. Now, more impetus is on these countries on how they shape it and how they can get benefit out of it. Post 1950s, things are now moving in hands of small countries as these countries have the raw and local materials required for the growth of world and economy.
India has always welcomed foreign development as Vedas correctly said “Vasudheva Kutumbhakam”. India is now emerging as advanced economies and world see India as a major market leader. India must use this opportunity for its internal growth and economic development. India must access its stand on globalization and de-globalization so that proper roadmap can be laid down for its growth.
No country can ever become de-globalized and can untie all the economic, cultural or other treaty with other countries. It however can place some measures to check the miss-use of it and to maintain a balance between Globalization and local growth. It’s time to re-access the foundation laid out century ago and to formulate new rules and regulation so that country can use the benefit of globalization instead of adapting protectionist measures to create situation of racism, hatred among local against world.
No country can never become great nation if it is not helping other countries in their development, Globalization is one that means which can be used for mutual growth and
development. Globalization is not a threat to local industries or culture if used in proper manner. We must strike a balance among all the factors so that we can use this global means for global development and global prosperity.
agree with forum ias
very nice essay
bhai writing bahut sundar hai,
keep writing
🙂
thanks bro
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Thanks.. I completely forgot these points 🙂
nice write up raashi.
You have dealt with the challenges part very nicely. almost every part is covered.
but in the prospects you can also include –
global exchange of ideas over diseases like Swine flu, bird flu etc., those find origin outside India,
more govt. and private investment in research and development of medicines. introducing better health insurance cover to poor people.
Decentralize hospitals and routine check ups of residential areas. etc.
Conclusion is very apt.
And Your handwriting is very nice 🙂
Mera essay bhi pad do plz 😛
Nice write up buddy… Conclusion is awesome 🙂
thanks raashi…
I have two word answer for you question – Brain Storming !
Truly awesome essay.. itne thoughts aatey kaha se hai??
HEALTH AND WELL BEING FOR ALL -PROSPECTS AND
CHALLENGES
Ensuring healthy lives and promotes well being for all at all ages is SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.Singnificant strides have been made in increasing life expectancy and reducing some of the common killers associated with child and maternal mortality.
United nation general assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development along with a set of bold new global goals.The new Sustainable development goals replaces the MDGS (Millennium Development goals)which were adopted in 2000 and expired in 2015.These new set of global goals aim to combat poverty ,inequality and almost change over the next 15 years in the most comprehensive international efforts ever to tackle the World’s I’ll.
HEALTH SECTOR IN INDIA :
The health sector in india is said to be at crossroads. It is partly due to an interesting relationship between development and health which is known as the ” Preston curve ”
PRESTON CURVE :
In 1975 , Samuel Preston showed that if the health of nations as measured by life expentancy is plotted against the wealth of nations as measured by GDP per capita, then upto a point , even for a modest increase in GDP per capita, there is a sharp increase in life expectancy. After certain point the curve flattened out where even large increases in public health expenditure lead to very low / modest increase in life expectancy
INDIA’S POSITION :
India’s position is peculiar compared to developed countries and some developing countries
With the past problem of infant mortality and maternal mortality still persisting the country is witnessing increasing in the number of non communicable diseases. This place India at or near the bend on the Preston curve
POLICIES WITH RESPECT TO HEALTH SECTOR :
Natinal health policy of 1983 :
The national health policy of 1983 was formulated with the global vision of ” health for all by 2000 ” set in the aftermath of the Alma ala declaration
It laid strong emphasis on infrastructure development primary health care and development of a well trained cadre of health care professionals
National health policy of 2002 :
The Millennium declaration 2000 and adoption of a number of health related Millennium Development adornment at global level gave impetus for formulation of a new National Health policy in 2002.
The National health policy 2002 clearly identifies the shortcoming and challenges in Attaining the goal of health for all and adopt a more practical approach to improve the health standard of the people .
National health policy 2015:
The key proposal in the Draft National health policy 2015 suggest in making health a fundamental rights similar to education.
Universal health coverage (UHC):
UHC is the single most powerful concept that public health offer.It refers to a goal for each nation whereby all citizens have access to quality health services they need and don’t suffer financial hardship when they pay for them.
Mission Indradhanush :
The MISSION INDRADHANUSH depicting seven colours of the rainbow,aims to cover all, those children by 2020 who are either un vaccinated, or are partially vaccinated against seven vaccine preventable diseases which include diphtheria,whooping cough, tetanus,polio,tuberculosis,measles,and hepatitis B.
Rashtriya Kishorn swastika karyakram:
RKSK for adolescents in the age group of 10- 19years which would target their nutrition ,reproductive health among other issues.
Kilkari:
The govt has launched Kilkari literally means baby noises ,a mobile voice message service that delivers weekly message to families about pregnancies ,family planning,nutrition,childbirth,.
Prospects :
a)India has been successful in bringing down the infant mortality rate,maternal mortality,death of children below the age group of 5 and other pregnant related deaths which was possible because of govt initiative schemes of National rural health mission.
b) Health though a state subject got a push from the centre under the 11th five year plan.
c) introduction of publicly finance health schemes that cover the cost of hospitalisation of poor.
d) many of the developing nation that have significant progress towards Universal health coverage such as Brazil and Thailand,have made it a fundamental rights and such a law is a major contributory factor.
e)The development in medical science has led to longevity of life and india has found answer to dreadful disease.
f)To provide financial protection to targeted population including those below the Poverty line the govt has implemented the Rashtriya swastika boma yojana. It covers the cost of secondary level hospitalisation.
g)Rail tel Corporation of India Ltd a mini rat a company has been selected to provide data centres services for hosting the apps while Reliance communication will provide connectivity for kilkari app
Challenges:
a)Along with the increased public expenditure,encourage private investment in the health sector for better health outcomes.
b)For private investment to increase,the existing public health system should be strengthened.
c) seven states still continue to face high fertility rate.These include UP,Bihar,MP,Rajasthan.
d) quality and safety of health care are in the country is also an issue.
e) poor financial outlay remains a major concern.Inest more to increase the skilled public health workforce on a regular and reliable terms of employment.
f) Fund allocation should keep pace with requirement.Efficient utilisation of fund has to be ensured.
g) Malnutrition poses a variety of threats to women .It weakens women’s ability to survive child birth,
h)The need for improvement in sanitation and child nutrition which are the two important social determinants of health.
Strategic health communication efforts need to be strengthened in order to significantly accelerate the results and impact of the health mission actions.
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वैश्वीकरण का शाब्दिक अर्थ स्थानीय या क्षेत्रीय वस्तुओं या घटनाओं के विश्व स्तर पर रूपांतरण की प्रक्रिया है। इसे एक ऐसी प्रक्रिया का वर्णन करने के लिए भी प्रयुक्त किया जा सकता है जिसके द्वारा पूरे विश्व के लोग मिलकर एक समाज बनाते हैं तथा एक साथ कार्य करते हैं। यह प्रक्रिया आर्थिक, तकनीकी, सामाजिक और राजनीतिक ताकतों का एक संयोजन है।वैश्वीकरण का उपयोग अक्सर आर्थिक वैश्वीकरण के सन्दर्भ में किया जाता है, अर्थात, व्यापार, विदेशी प्रत्यक्ष निवेश, पूंजी प्रवाह, प्रवास और प्रौद्योगिकी के प्रसार के माध्यम से राष्ट्रीय अर्थव्यवस्था का अंतरराष्ट्रीय अर्थव्यवस्थाओं में एकीकरण. दुनिया के सभी देशों का सामाजिक,आर्थिक,सांस्कृतिक आदि के आधार पर एक-दूसरे से जुड़ने की प्रक्रिया वैश्वीकरण का मोटे तौर पर अर्थ है। डेविड हेल्ड इसका परिभाषा परस्पर निर्भरता के रूप में करते हैं,क्योंकि सामाजिक और आर्थिक संबंधों ने दुनिया को बाँध दिया है। आज विश्व में वैश्वीकरण के प्रति कई दृष्टिकोण हैं,जो इसके स्वरुप,परिणाम और प्रभाव का विशद् विवेचना करते हैं। इन परिप्रेक्ष्यों के माध्यम से हम वैश्वीकरण के अर्थ को सही मायने में जान पाएंगे। इनमें से एक दृष्टिकोण के. ओहमी जैसे अति भूमण्डलवादी विचारकों का है। जिनके अनुसार बहुराष्ट्रीय निगम और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय बाजार शक्तिशाली हो चुके हैं तथा अव्यक्तिक ताकतें विश्व को नियंत्रित करते हैं। परन्तु संशयवादी भूमंडलीकरण को एक मिथक मानते हैं। इनका कहना है कि 19वीं सदी में व्यापार में अपेक्षाकृत अधिक वृद्धि हुयी,श्रमिकों का संख्या तेजी से बढ़ा और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय प्रणाली के रूप में राज्यों के एकीकरण का अपेक्षाकृत उच्च स्तर पर आर्थिक अंतर-निर्भरता बढ़ी। साथ ही एडम स्मिथ के तुलनात्मक लाभ के सिद्धांत का प्रचार हुआ,आज हम जो अनुभव कर रहे हैं,वह इन प्रक्रियाओं का बढ़ता हुआ स्तर है। अति भूमण्डलवादी के विपरीत संशयवादी आर्थिक शक्ति के बजाय राजनीतिक शक्ति को ज्यादा महत्त्व देते हैं। इनका मानना है कि बाजार शासन नहीं करता है बल्कि राज्य सभी आर्थिक कार्यकलापों का नियमन करता है। नव-मार्क्सवादियों द्वारा भूमंडलीकरण की उत्पत्ति और स्वरुप के बारे में एक भिन्न दृष्टिकोण प्रस्तुत किया जाता है-जो ये मानते हैं कि वैश्वीकरण सम्राज्यवाद का एक नया रूप है और यह उदारवादी संकीर्ण नीतियों का विस्तार है। इनका यह भी मानना है कि विकसित पश्चिमी देश इसका इस्तेमाल कर रहे हैं ताकि अपनी अर्थव्यवस्था को भविष्य के संकट से बचाया जा सके। इससे एकतरफा फायदा केवल विकसित देशों को ही मिलेगा। उदारवादी आर्थिक संस्थायें(विश्व बैंक,आईएमएफ आदि) किसी देश को ऋण तभी देते हैं जब वह उसके शर्तों को मान ले। 1991 में अपनाया गया भारतीय आर्थिक सुधार इसका उदाहरण है। 1982 में मैक्सिको को भी इसी अनुभव से गुजरना पड़ा था।
भारतीय अर्थशास्त्री अमर्त्य सेन वैश्वीकरण को ऐतिहासिक प्रक्रिया मानते हुए कहते हैं कि यह अनिवार्य रूप से पश्चिमी नहीं है। साथ ही ये इसके सुधार की आवश्यकता पर बल देते हैं। वहीं जगदीश भगवती मुक्त व्यापार के समर्थक हैं,इनका मानना है कि मुक्त व्यापार ने अर्थव्यवस्था के विकास में व्यापक रूप से मदद की है।
वैश्वीकरण से चीन और भारत जैसे कई विकासशील देशों ने फायदा उठाया है तो वहीँ अफ्रीका के अल्पविकसित देशों को खामियाजा भी भुगतना पड़ा है।
अब हम वैश्वीकरण के स्वरुप को जान चुके हैं,तो सवाल आता है कि भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था पर इसका क्या प्रभाव पड़ा है?
1991 में आर्थिक सुधार को अपनाकर भारतीय अर्थवतावस्था में कई सुधार किये गए और बाधाओं को हटाकर अर्थव्यवस्था को विश्व के लिए खोला गया। यह सुधार अपने में तीन अवयवों को समेटा हुआ है-वैश्वीकरण,उदारीकरण और निजीकरण।
अर्थव्यवस्था के विकास के दर को बढ़ाना,अतीत में प्राप्त लाभों का समायोजन करना,उत्पादन इकाइयों की प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक क्षमता को बढ़ाना इसके मुख्य उद्देश्य रहे हैं। इस उद्देश्य की प्राप्ति के लिए कई प्रमुख परिवर्तन किये गए,जैसे कि लाइसेंस व्यवस्था की समाप्ति,निजी निवेश के लिए एमएनसी को प्रोत्साहन,विदेशी विनिमय पर लगी रुकावटों को समाप्त करना,कीमत तथा वितरण संबंधी सारे रुकावटों को हटाना और एमआरटीपी अधिनियम को समाप्त करना आदि। इस तरह इस आर्थिक नीति को पुरानी आर्थिक नीति का यू-टर्न का संज्ञा दिया जा सकता है।
संक्षेप में उपर्युक्त तीनों शब्दों के अर्थ को इस प्रकार व्यक्त कर सकते हैं-आर्थिक उदारीकरण में सभी व्यक्तियों को अपनी आवश्यकतानुसार निजी आर्थिक निर्णय लेने की आजादी होती है। निजीकरण उदारीकरण से ही जुड़ा हुआ प्रक्रिया है। वैश्वीकरण के तहत देशों के व्याप्त आर्थिक दूरियाँ धीरे-धीरे कम हो जाती है और आवागमन की सभी तरह की रुकावटें हटा ली जाती है।
इन सुधारों के फलस्वरूप,जहाँ विकास की दर 1951 से 1991 तक 4% के वार्षिक औसत से बढ़ती रही थी वहीं 1991 के बाद यह 2002-03 को छोड़कर 5.5% से अधिक रही। अगर प्रति व्यक्ति आय की बात करें तो यह 1991 से पहले 2% के दर से बढी वहीं बाद में 3.5% हो गया।
सकल राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद(जीडीपी) की संरचना में भी बदलाव देखने को मिला। 1990-91 में कृषि का योगदान 34.9 % था जो अब घटकर 21% के आस-पास आ गया है। इस दौरान सेवा क्षेत्र में काफी वृद्धि हुयी है। सकल उत्पाद में सेवा क्षेत्र के योगदान को देखते हुए भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था विकसित देशों के अर्थव्यवस्था जैसा लगने लगा है लेकिन एक विपरीत प्रभाव जो भारत पर पड़ा है,वह है कि जिस रफ़्तार से सेवा क्षेत्र अपना योगदान सकल उत्पाद में दे रहा है उसी रफ़्तार से रोजगार का अवसर मुहैया नहीं करा पा रहा है अर्थात आज भी दो-तिहाई लोगों की निर्भरता कृषि पर बना हुआ है।
अगर हम बात औद्योगिक विकास का करें तो 1990-91 में जो 4.3% के आस-पास रहता था अब 9% को पार कर गया है। बचत का दर बढ़ा है। अगर निष्कर्षतः कहा जाए तो हमने वैश्वीकरण के जरिये आर्थिक संवृद्धि तो जरूर किया है,लेकिन विकास के उस लक्ष्य को नहीं पा सके जो गुणात्मकता का प्रतीक होती है।
आर्थिक सुधार के 20 सालों बाद आज भी हम कई चुनौतियों से जूझ रहे हैं। जैसे-गरीबी,किसानों की मजबूर दशा,बेरोजगारी,मानव-पूंजी निर्माण और ग्रामीण-विकास आदि। इन सभी के स्तर पर उस लक्ष्य को नहीं पाया जा सका है जिसका कल्पना हम किये थे।
वैश्वीकरण का विचार आप चाहें या न चाहें, आधुनिक युग के जीवन की एक सच्चार्इ बन चुकी है जिसने विश्व के तमाम देशों की सामाजिक-आर्थिक तथा राजनीतिक-सांस्कृतिक जीवन को सकारात्मक एवं नकारात्मक दोनो ही रूपों में गंभीर रूप से प्रभावित किया है। इस कारण जरुरत है समावेशी विकास का ताकि अर्थव्यवस्था के हर क्षेत्रक का बराबर विकास हो सके,समाज के हर तबके को लाभ का समुचित बँटवारा हो सके। इसके लिए हमें सरकार पर इस बात का दबाव बनाना चाहिए कि वे ऐसी नीतियों को मंजूरी दे जिससे हर उस शख्स का भी विकास हो सके,जिसकी पहुँच सीमित है। ऐसा संभव है अगर हम सभी मिलकर एक सचेत और तार्किक जनमत की तरह विकास मुद्दे को लेकर आंदोलन करें और दबाव समूह के माध्यम से सरकार को बाध्य करे|
वैश्वीकरण का शाब्दिक अर्थ स्थानीय या क्षेत्रीय वस्तुओं या घटनाओं के विश्व स्तर पर रूपांतरण की प्रक्रिया है। इसे एक ऐसी प्रक्रिया का वर्णन करने के लिए भी प्रयुक्त किया जा सकता है जिसके द्वारा पूरे विश्व के लोग मिलकर एक समाज बनाते हैं तथा एक साथ कार्य करते हैं। यह प्रक्रिया आर्थिक, तकनीकी, सामाजिक और राजनीतिक ताकतों का एक संयोजन है।वैश्वीकरण का उपयोग अक्सर आर्थिक वैश्वीकरण के सन्दर्भ में किया जाता है, अर्थात, व्यापार, विदेशी प्रत्यक्ष निवेश, पूंजी प्रवाह, प्रवास और प्रौद्योगिकी के प्रसार के माध्यम से राष्ट्रीय अर्थव्यवस्था का अंतरराष्ट्रीय अर्थव्यवस्थाओं में एकीकरण. दुनिया के सभी देशों का सामाजिक,आर्थिक,सांस्कृतिक आदि के आधार पर एक-दूसरे से जुड़ने की प्रक्रिया वैश्वीकरण का मोटे तौर पर अर्थ है। डेविड हेल्ड इसका परिभाषा परस्पर निर्भरता के रूप में करते हैं,क्योंकि सामाजिक और आर्थिक संबंधों ने दुनिया को बाँध दिया है। आज विश्व में वैश्वीकरण के प्रति कई दृष्टिकोण हैं,जो इसके स्वरुप,परिणाम और प्रभाव का विशद् विवेचना करते हैं। इन परिप्रेक्ष्यों के माध्यम से हम वैश्वीकरण के अर्थ को सही मायने में जान पाएंगे। इनमें से एक दृष्टिकोण के. ओहमी जैसे अति भूमण्डलवादी विचारकों का है। जिनके अनुसार बहुराष्ट्रीय निगम और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय बाजार शक्तिशाली हो चुके हैं तथा अव्यक्तिक ताकतें विश्व को नियंत्रित करते हैं। परन्तु संशयवादी भूमंडलीकरण को एक मिथक मानते हैं। इनका कहना है कि 19वीं सदी में व्यापार में अपेक्षाकृत अधिक वृद्धि हुयी,श्रमिकों का संख्या तेजी से बढ़ा और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय प्रणाली के रूप में राज्यों के एकीकरण का अपेक्षाकृत उच्च स्तर पर आर्थिक अंतर-निर्भरता बढ़ी। साथ ही एडम स्मिथ के तुलनात्मक लाभ के सिद्धांत का प्रचार हुआ,आज हम जो अनुभव कर रहे हैं,वह इन प्रक्रियाओं का बढ़ता हुआ स्तर है। अति भूमण्डलवादी के विपरीत संशयवादी आर्थिक शक्ति के बजाय राजनीतिक शक्ति को ज्यादा महत्त्व देते हैं। इनका मानना है कि बाजार शासन नहीं करता है बल्कि राज्य सभी आर्थिक कार्यकलापों का नियमन करता है। नव-मार्क्सवादियों द्वारा भूमंडलीकरण की उत्पत्ति और स्वरुप के बारे में एक भिन्न दृष्टिकोण प्रस्तुत किया जाता है-जो ये मानते हैं कि वैश्वीकरण सम्राज्यवाद का एक नया रूप है और यह उदारवादी संकीर्ण नीतियों का विस्तार है। इनका यह भी मानना है कि विकसित पश्चिमी देश इसका इस्तेमाल कर रहे हैं ताकि अपनी अर्थव्यवस्था को भविष्य के संकट से बचाया जा सके। इससे एकतरफा फायदा केवल विकसित देशों को ही मिलेगा। उदारवादी आर्थिक संस्थायें(विश्व बैंक,आईएमएफ आदि) किसी देश को ऋण तभी देते हैं जब वह उसके शर्तों को मान ले। 1991 में अपनाया गया भारतीय आर्थिक सुधार इसका उदाहरण है। 1982 में मैक्सिको को भी इसी अनुभव से गुजरना पड़ा था।
भारतीय अर्थशास्त्री अमर्त्य सेन वैश्वीकरण को ऐतिहासिक प्रक्रिया मानते हुए कहते हैं कि यह अनिवार्य रूप से पश्चिमी नहीं है। साथ ही ये इसके सुधार की आवश्यकता पर बल देते हैं। वहीं जगदीश भगवती मुक्त व्यापार के समर्थक हैं,इनका मानना है कि मुक्त व्यापार ने अर्थव्यवस्था के विकास में व्यापक रूप से मदद की है।
वैश्वीकरण से चीन और भारत जैसे कई विकासशील देशों ने फायदा उठाया है तो वहीँ अफ्रीका के अल्पविकसित देशों को खामियाजा भी भुगतना पड़ा है।
अब हम वैश्वीकरण के स्वरुप को जान चुके हैं,तो सवाल आता है कि भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था पर इसका क्या प्रभाव पड़ा है?
1991 में आर्थिक सुधार को अपनाकर भारतीय अर्थवतावस्था में कई सुधार किये गए और बाधाओं को हटाकर अर्थव्यवस्था को विश्व के लिए खोला गया। यह सुधार अपने में तीन अवयवों को समेटा हुआ है-वैश्वीकरण,उदारीकरण और निजीकरण।
अर्थव्यवस्था के विकास के दर को बढ़ाना,अतीत में प्राप्त लाभों का समायोजन करना,उत्पादन इकाइयों की प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक क्षमता को बढ़ाना इसके मुख्य उद्देश्य रहे हैं। इस उद्देश्य की प्राप्ति के लिए कई प्रमुख परिवर्तन किये गए,जैसे कि लाइसेंस व्यवस्था की समाप्ति,निजी निवेश के लिए एमएनसी को प्रोत्साहन,विदेशी विनिमय पर लगी रुकावटों को समाप्त करना,कीमत तथा वितरण संबंधी सारे रुकावटों को हटाना और एमआरटीपी अधिनियम को समाप्त करना आदि। इस तरह इस आर्थिक नीति को पुरानी आर्थिक नीति का यू-टर्न का संज्ञा दिया जा सकता है।
संक्षेप में उपर्युक्त तीनों शब्दों के अर्थ को इस प्रकार व्यक्त कर सकते हैं-आर्थिक उदारीकरण में सभी व्यक्तियों को अपनी आवश्यकतानुसार निजी आर्थिक निर्णय लेने की आजादी होती है। निजीकरण उदारीकरण से ही जुड़ा हुआ प्रक्रिया है। वैश्वीकरण के तहत देशों के व्याप्त आर्थिक दूरियाँ धीरे-धीरे कम हो जाती है और आवागमन की सभी तरह की रुकावटें हटा ली जाती है।
इन सुधारों के फलस्वरूप,जहाँ विकास की दर 1951 से 1991 तक 4% के वार्षिक औसत से बढ़ती रही थी वहीं 1991 के बाद यह 2002-03 को छोड़कर 5.5% से अधिक रही। अगर प्रति व्यक्ति आय की बात करें तो यह 1991 से पहले 2% के दर से बढी वहीं बाद में 3.5% हो गया।
सकल राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद(जीडीपी) की संरचना में भी बदलाव देखने को मिला। 1990-91 में कृषि का योगदान 34.9 % था जो अब घटकर 21% के आस-पास आ गया है। इस दौरान सेवा क्षेत्र में काफी वृद्धि हुयी है। सकल उत्पाद में सेवा क्षेत्र के योगदान को देखते हुए भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था विकसित देशों के अर्थव्यवस्था जैसा लगने लगा है लेकिन एक विपरीत प्रभाव जो भारत पर पड़ा है,वह है कि जिस रफ़्तार से सेवा क्षेत्र अपना योगदान सकल उत्पाद में दे रहा है उसी रफ़्तार से रोजगार का अवसर मुहैया नहीं करा पा रहा है अर्थात आज भी दो-तिहाई लोगों की निर्भरता कृषि पर बना हुआ है।
अगर हम बात औद्योगिक विकास का करें तो 1990-91 में जो 4.3% के आस-पास रहता था अब 9% को पार कर गया है। बचत का दर बढ़ा है। अगर निष्कर्षतः कहा जाए तो हमने वैश्वीकरण के जरिये आर्थिक संवृद्धि तो जरूर किया है,लेकिन विकास के उस लक्ष्य को नहीं पा सके जो गुणात्मकता का प्रतीक होती है।
आर्थिक सुधार के 20 सालों बाद आज भी हम कई चुनौतियों से जूझ रहे हैं। जैसे-गरीबी,किसानों की मजबूर दशा,बेरोजगारी,मानव-पूंजी निर्माण और ग्रामीण-विकास आदि। इन सभी के स्तर पर उस लक्ष्य को नहीं पाया जा सका है जिसका कल्पना हम किये थे।
वैश्वीकरण का विचार आप चाहें या न चाहें, आधुनिक युग के जीवन की एक सच्चार्इ बन चुकी है जिसने विश्व के तमाम देशों की सामाजिक-आर्थिक तथा राजनीतिक-सांस्कृतिक जीवन को सकारात्मक एवं नकारात्मक दोनो ही रूपों में गंभीर रूप से प्रभावित किया है। इस कारण जरुरत है समावेशी विकास का ताकि अर्थव्यवस्था के हर क्षेत्रक का बराबर विकास हो सके,समाज के हर तबके को लाभ का समुचित बँटवारा हो सके। इसके लिए हमें सरकार पर इस बात का दबाव बनाना चाहिए कि वे ऐसी नीतियों को मंजूरी दे जिससे हर उस शख्स का भी विकास हो सके,जिसकी पहुँच सीमित है। ऐसा संभव है अगर हम सभी मिलकर एक सचेत और तार्किक जनमत की तरह विकास मुद्दे को लेकर आंदोलन करें और दबाव समूह के माध्यम से सरकार को बाध्य करें।
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Health and well being of all- prospects and challenges.
Every- day we hear from our elders, previous generation throwing up a wave of advises to young generation when we young people are busy in sleeping rounded up in blankets especially during winters and suddenly we hear – ‘ get up early in the morning and do some exercise. stop being lazy,health is wealth and exercise keeps the body fit. Though at that time one feels so angry but truly it is one of the most valuable advice given as a blessing to young people and am one of them.Living lie from today or better tommorrow can only happen if one is physically fit and healthy.Today, rushing here and there for work then to grocery shops to collect items of daily living, then cooking up and then the most important work – chatting on facebook, watsap and how can one forget to tweet up atleast a quote. In between all this man tends to forget the health factor which is so important in todays stressful lie and we dont even bother to see it. well realization is certainly the solution so lets tweet it up today to this topic- health and well being of all – prospects and challenges.
Prospective and challenges of health includes a journey from knowing self body to bigger task of healthcare managements and fighting up with the diseases. Simply if we start first of all health starts with health living which includes doing exercises on daily basis and doing yoga which is certainly an excellent way of keeping the health well . health has mental and physical component. The popularity of Yoga is growing day by day. Even UN declared 21st june as international yoga day to be celebrated every year. This seem to emphasis the importance of yoga which not only have dirct benefit on mental wellbeing but overall wellbeing of everyone, infact all. Yoga geeting its strong roots from India and idols like baba ramdev sets up example that how beautifully yoga can be used to cure even the dangerous to dangerous diseases of today era like cancer, obesity , thyroid and diabetes. This spread like a viral , bring all countries hand in hand to make people realise the importance of health is a overwhelming step . Infact it also becomes a part of soft power that bring nation to live together making this earth peaceful and more humane instead of going for wars an d creating tensions and affecting health of mankind. this is evident from the fact how Us used biological weapon against japan during WW2 And people health in japan are still suffering from it. this shows so much cruelty among people.
Next part of health starts with healthy diet. Today with gloabalisation hybrid techniques and green revolution like concepts started in all over the world. But when one see the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides over use in vegetable when eaten causing cancer like diseases reflects us to think, really in what direction are we going. well before eating healthy diet , one has to talk about healthy ingredient in form vegetables grains needed to keep health and solutions are coming in front of all eg promoting organic farming, moving towards neem coated urea so less fertilizers are used etc. now coming to junk food – burgers, pizza choclate cakes pastries, means who dont love them? everyone does . But some what these foods are affecting health of everyone making one obese, early diabetic, hypertension problems are increasing .so one should be properly educated that eating thses foods and on the top not exercising are leading to early death , rise in heart attack cases.
Apart from This underdevelpoed nation and developing countries where poverty is a major problem especially asian and african region cases of malnutrition have been quite frequent and this affects the overall well being of any nation whether seen from social prospective or economical prospective in terms of growth and development. Mothers are not able to feed their children properly, no vaccinations example polio or they themselves at time of preganancy are victims of severe diseases due to lack of healthy diet and awareness. .this has caused increase number of IMR nad MMR rate, mortality rate of women have increased to large extend if we seen india picture alone. but steps like sustainable develpoment goal and MDG are helping to reduce these cases. schemes like ICDS for poor children vaccination and female empowerment are helping to solve these cases. fighting against crippling diseases have become an important agenda now promoting health of all.
looking at larger prespective healthcare facilities provided are also not well in underdeveloped and developing nation example Government hospitals dont have good supply chain of facilities and private sector costs more affecting poor people. health care management are not upto the mark. last year outbreak of ebola virus and chicken guniya set up the example globally that world is not at a level of fightting these diseases. staying unhealthy and unhealthy practices are inviting monsters to mankind in form of these diseases . even reasearch is not done to full extend. simply solution to these are working on research infrastructure proving good facilities funds and seeting up collaborative approach with together will among nations .
smoking and drinking culture is again commonly aecting health like causing liver diseases , psychological problems. continuous use of technology like 24 hr sitiing on computer is causing health problems increases anxiety ,low vision. this also needs to be curbed up. siicient medicines provsiion is also not there which needs to be made.
Thus health is a broad topic and wellbeing of nations can only occur with solutions of educations and staying honest in ones practices.
De-globalization and its impact.
Where globalization means, as it so often does, that the rich and powerful now have new means to further enrich and empower themselves at the cost of the poorer and weaker, we have a responsibility to protest in the name of universal freedom – Nelson Mandela
In the early 90’s of 20th century, world was moving towards a more interactive society as “dot com” was the new revolution. Suddenly world began to shrink and everything seemed so close because of increased technology and ease in getting information. Globalization which historically was a thing of expansion by colonization and later changed to high level government interactions was suddenly open to all. So, all the industries, thanks to industrial revolution, began to look for more opportunities outside their national territory and in no time everything got so connected to each other that it became a way of life. Exchange of Goods, services, e-commerce, migration, ideas and technology etc. were like never before.
But since past few years the people have started to De-globalize i.e. retreat from more interaction, they now see it as some kind of threat to their culture and uniqueness. This was realized by the political forces and they mobilized the people to protest against it and preferred a protectionist approach. The reasons behind such shift in attitudes was because globalization along with its positives also led to the globalization of negative forces like terrorism, unchecked migration, refugee crisis, domination of global powers over other countries etc.
De-globalization is a real phenomenon and can be seen growing more rapidly in the west including America and Europe. This was evident in the U.S. presidential election, 2016, Britain’s referendum to move out of EU and growing of Conservative Right wing politics. De-globalization can have its impact at every level of interaction.
There is a growing belief among people that due to globalization they are losing their jobs to outsiders, for example H1B visa was an agenda in the U.S. elections as Indian workforce is seen as threat to local Americans. Such threats if reflected in actions can lead to more stringent policies resulting in job loss to immigrants and loss of remittances to home country. But as the flip side of it this can also put a cap on brain drain, influencing markets, market dumping phenomenon.
Unchecked Globalization was also a threat to domestic industries and people in developing countries like India, where MNCs have invested heavily and sell their products at cheaper rates causing harm to domestic firms and farmers. India has long been fighting its case in WTO. But it is also due to globalization that India has reach out to the world and imported science technology to make lives better, gave its ancient wisdom to the world in the form of Ayurveda, Spirituality and Yoga. At society level also globalization has impacted developing countries like India were women have become more independent and empowered. Students have access to world class education anywhere in the globe.
Impacts of De-globalization:
De-globalization will have both positive and negative impacts on the existing world order. With increasing protectionist approach of major powers of the world, its effect will rippled to every sector of interaction.
If we look into some positive impacts de-globalization:
1. It can help in preserving cultures and languages that are facing existential threat due to increased interaction and mixing.
2. It can certainly help domestic industries and farmers of developing countries from the hegemony of MNCs of powerful developed countries. For example China, which is known for its market penetration of other countries.
3. Limited interaction will make it difficult for terror organizations to spread its wings and gain strength.
4. It will arguably develop a sense of unity among the people belonging to same country and culture.
But there are some serious concerns over the negative impacts of de-globalization:
1. It will give rise to racism as can be seen developing in west. For instance, Islamophobia was used to mobilize people and unite them under fear of being attacked. Such approach can have very serious long term consequences, as such xenophobic feelings can surface at any time leading to violent manifestations.
2. These days economy of nations are so dependent on each other and it is virtually impossible to alienate entire country from rest of the world.
3. Intergovernmental approach towards major global issues like climate change, terrorism, etc. which needs coming together of world leader on single platform will take a serious it.
4. Sharing of technology and ideas in sector that can have wide impact on society like medicine will get compromised.
So, if we take an objective approach and accept that de-globalization is growing, we must be look into the negatives and try to assess whether we ready to face these challenges that will surface due to de-globalization.
If we take up the case of India, which is a growing economy that has benefited immensely from globalization in last two decades and have stakes in all other major economies of the world will certainly take an economic hit. Developing countries must embrace itself towards this growing protectionist approach of the western world and increase cultural ties with neighboring countries to stay united and strong.
Is 100% de-globalization even a possibility?
Globalization is not just a physical phenomenon, but it has now deeply rooted in the minds of people and is manifested in the way of life. The world is of internet and increasingly connected, people are more aware about their rights and getting vocal about it. Creating physical barriers by imposing strict immigration policies might only led to 10-20% of de-globalization. Industries that have manufacturing units and market in other countries like India cannot think about retreating back to home country.
This notion is aptly put by Eduardo Paes when he says – “Globalization has produced a new of level of interdependence among us. The economy and multinational supply chains do not abide by political boundaries. A computer ordered in Brazil is designed in California and assembled in several other countries. Economic integration was the first strong evidence of a new era.”
So achieving complete de-globalization is not possible as economy of present scenario cannot operate in silos.
In Globalization 1.0, which began around 1492, the world went from size large to size medium. In Globalization 2.0, the era that introduced us to multinational companies, it went from size medium to size small. And then around 2000 came Globalization 3.0, in which the world went from being small to tiny. The world must understand that de-globalization may be a growing phenomenon in the west but it is not the solution because it will end up creating more problems to the world order.
The need is to regulate the forces that have global impacts. To undertake reforms in the economies and give desired protection to domestic industries and farmers along with not complete alienation of foreign investment. In other words, making a level playing field where everyone has the opportunity and competition is fair and justice prevails. In words of Nestor Kirchner – “We must create a kind of globalization that works for everyone… and not just for a few.”
De-globalization might not also be right approach because it creates a sense of hatred between races which is augmented by political forces to have short term gains. The Vedic philosophy of Vasudheva Kutumbakam has becomes more relevant now than ever, where it treats world as a big family. In family there can be differences and they can be resolved; but the family that stays together is the family that survives.
HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF ALL PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
“Good health is duty to yourself , to your contemporaries ,to your inheritors, to the progress of the world”
– Gwendolyn Brooks
Health is a state of state of complete well being free from any disease, mental or physical. A healthy person is an asset to his family, organisation and nation.The well being of a nation lies in the well being of its citizens. Our constitution provides the citizens the to life which also include right to good health.
In 2014 UN declared 21 June as yoga day and it was celebrated all over India to emphasis the importance of well being of an individual.
As said a healthy population is a productive population.A healthy nation gives healthy and efficient workers which in turn helps to increase the GDP of nation , brings economic prosperity to nation, help in better research and development works..They contribute to the nation building process in a better manner.Take part in democratic process and help in the efficient working of the government.
Healthiest countries of the world like Netherlands, Singapore,Japan are the most prosperous countries in the world.
Govt has taken various steps to ensure the well being of citizens like NRHM(National Rural Health mission), SIN TAX on the products manufactured from tobacco, mental health care bill which ensures that rights of mentally ill persons are protected .Jnani suraksha programme to prevent neo natal and maternal deathsby providing assistance to females .Construction of toilets in rural ares to improve sanitation under the swach Bharat program.
Despite the efforts taken by govt problem of malnutrition , open defecation continues to plague our society.India accounts for the maximum maternal deaths in the world and also has high infant mortality rate.Social awareness programs regarding benefits of good health should be organised and yoga should be encouaged among the people
As rightly said investment in health in investment in the development of country.Health is of paramount importance both for individual and the nation
Health and well-being for all – prospects and challenges.
Human body is like a temple. Everyday, it is required to maintain and worship the body for a healthy and sound body. We do this in the form of daily nutritious food intake, exercises, and other biological acts.
One of the most important needs of any living thing is the basic physiological need. Only a healthy body can allow to address the other needs of a person.
Prospects:
Health and Well being for all is a win win situation for all of us. This might sound utopian but we as a human being cannot just ignore this basic factor. As such the Sustainable Developmental Goals target Health and well being as one of the main aims.
By aiming at the health issues and wellness of the poors, economically weaker sections, we can address the issues of :-
1. Developmental Goals :- A healthy mind can do wonders. One can motivate himself/herself to achieve successful life. This in turn pushes the world towards a forward human evolution.
2. Societal Problems :- A number of crime takes place in the slum areas, ghettos just because of lack of moral values, lack of proper understanding of society, lack of proper resources etc. These poor environment leads to poor functioning of body and thereby there is a need to improve the standard of healthy environment for a healthy functioning of mind and body. Only then the persons living in those areas can think of coming forward to the mainstream society and develop themselves for a better society.
3. Disease Mitigation : By ensuring good health and well being of citizens of a country, State can look forward to a less spread of diseases which usually spread because of malnutrition, genetics, not being health conscious.
4. Economics : ‘’Prevention is better than cure’’. There is a lot of room for decreasing the yearly expenditure on health and allied problems and diseases. All that is to be done is more focus on providing a environment that ensures good health. Globally, we spend so much of money on diseases, cures, subsized medicines, and other relevant factors – but these can be hugely truncated simply by preventing any such preventable cause. At individual level, person can think of savings in terms of prevention rather than spending much more on cure.
5. Moral Boost : The health of the citizens can give tremendous moral boost to a country. This again cycles back and gives confidence on the state to the citizens themselves. Trust between the duo will grow.
6. Medical Innovation : Scientists can work on peacefully on the development of new innovation unlike when the world ends up in a certain disease hit situation and many a times, innovations are limited to that particular disease only.
Challenges :
1. Capital : Not all the country in the world have equal capacity to spend enough to fulfill the requirement of health and allied system. The World Organisations like the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Health Organisation etc are working on it. But the countries themselves have to have the consciousness to give more importance to it.
2. Change in Food Habits : Various countries have their respective cuisines, food habits etc but especially in the poor countries like in Africa, people have been feeding more on non vegetarian food straightly from the jungle. This highly raises the issues of epidemics e g: Ebola because of Roasted Bats. This can related to culture, tradition, customs which seem to be difficult for state to change suddenly.
3. Dilution of approach : In most of the developing countries, the lack of bottom up approach dilutes the motives and incentives of any policy that are taken up by the state. The decentralization is required in such areas where there is various layer of bureaucratic set ups.
4. Awareness : Many rural areas, slums, ghettos are not aware of the benefits of a good health. They are not well educated in health related issues. Government should inculcate idea of health education among its citizen.
In India, post independence, the policy have been to take the issue of land reforms, land distribution, food production etc so as to tackle the menace of poverty, famines, consequential diseases and other losses. In the first five year plan, the initiatives that were taken were in sync with the aims and objectives as enshrined in the constitution. However, gradually, later on, plans have been more focused on industrial development, capitalist economy, cash crops, etc. – this hugely impacted the rich and poor divide and the divide further got widened. The issue of poverty, malnutrition, birth diseases, non institutionalized deliveries, etc. But surely India has walked many foots and is now competent to look at the issue of health and well being of her citizen – giving it a fresh look. Programmes like the Mid Day Meal, Maternity leave, National Food Security Mission etc take care of the basic needs of weaker sections. However, if there is a focused initiatives and funding in research and development in medical science, good amount of expenditure on these heath issues can be cut down.
Globally, with the introduction of sustainable developmental goals, the world is united, and is working on making a platform where every one has a easy and good environment that leads to his good health and well being.Universal Health and Well Being is a state of situation that is what the whole world , today, should be thriving for, and more importantly, we are right on this path of moving towards it.
Thanks ForumIAS
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