[Solutions]
Q.1)Consider the following statements.
1.IRNSS will be used for disaster management
2.It will aid hikers and travellers
Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct?
a)1 only
b)2 only
c)Both 1 and 2
d)Neither 1 nor 2
Ans-[C]
Explanation-IRNSS is an independent regional navigation satellite system being developed by India. It is designed to provide accurate position information service to users in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 km from its boundary, which is its primary service area. An Extended Service Area lies between primary service area and area enclosed by the rectangle from Latitude 30 deg South to 50 deg North, Longitude 30 deg East to 130 deg East.
IRNSS will provide two types of services, namely, Standard Positioning Service (SPS) which is provided to all the users and Restricted Service (RS), which is an encrypted service provided only to the authorised users. The IRNSS System is expected to provide a position accuracy of better than 20 m in the primary service area.
Some applications of IRNSS are:
- Terrestrial, Aerial and Marine Navigation
- Disaster Management
- Vehicle tracking and fleet management
- Integration with mobile phones
- Precise Timing
- Mapping and Geodetic data capture
- Terrestrial navigation aid for hikers and travellers
- Visual and voice navigation for drivers
Q.2)India’s first dedicated multi wavelength space observatory is also known as
a)SARAL
b)Astrosat
c)RISAT
d)MOM
Ans-[B]
Explanation-ASTROSAT is India’s first dedicated multi wavelength space observatory. This scientific satellite mission endeavours for a more detailed understanding of our universe. One of the unique features of ASTROSAT mission is that it enables the simultaneous multi-wavelength observations of various astronomical objects with a single satellite.
ASTROSAT will observe universe in the optical, Ultraviolet, low and high energy X-ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, whereas most other scientific satellites are capable of observing a narrow range of wavelength band. Multi-wavelength observations of ASTROSAT can be further extended with co-ordinated observations using other spacecraft and ground based observations. All major astronomy Institutions and some Universities in India will participate in these observations.
Q.3)LIGO was recently in news. LIGO is used to study:
a)Solar waves
b)Dark matter
c)Gravitational waves
d)Wormholes
Ans-[C]
Explanation-The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is designed to open the field of gravitational-wave astrophysics through the direct detection of gravitational waves predicted by Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. LIGO’s multi-kilometer-scale gravitational wave detectors use laser interferometry to measure the minute ripples in space-time caused by passing gravitational waves from cataclysmic cosmic sources such as the mergers of pairs of neutron stars or black holes, or by supernovae. LIGO consists of two widely separated interferometers within the United States—one in Hanford, Washington and the other in Livingston, Louisiana—operated in unison to detect gravitational waves.
LIGO is a national facility for gravitational-wave research, providing opportunities for the broader scientific community to participate in detector development,
observation, and data analysis. The capabilities of the LIGO detectors were greatly improved with the completion of the Advanced LIGO project in late 2014. The Advanced LIGO detectors will increase the sensitivity and observational range of LIGO by a factor of 10 over its predecessor, bringing 1000 times more galaxies into LIGO’s observational range.
Q.4)Mustard gas,a deadly chemical weapon in news is a compound of:
a)Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and fluorine
b)Hydrogen, sulphur, phosphorous and chlorine
c)Carbon, Hydrogen,sulphur and fluorine
d)Carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and chlorine
Ans-[D]
Explanation- Mustard gas or sulfur mustard is a chemical compound which has been used as a chemical weapon. It was used in World War I by the German Army against British and Canadian soldiers near Ypres, Belgium, in 1917. Later it was also used against the French Second Army.
Most sulfur mustards are squishy liquids with no color and no smell when they are at room temperature. When used in warfare, they have a color yellowish to brown. Some of them smell like culinary mustard (the type used for food), horseradish or garlic. They got their name from the smell, but are completely unrelated to culinary mustard.
Sulfur mustard (in its form mustard gas) was synthesized by Frederick Guthrie in 1860. It may have been discovered as early as the 1820s, by M.Depretz.
Its use during warfare was prohibited by the Geneva Protocol of 1925. This protocol outlawed the use of poison gas (which was widely used in the First World War). An additional agreement, the Chemical Weapons Convention, was ratified in 1993. It also outlaws the production and stockpiling of such agents.
Sulfur mustard is the organic compound with formula (ClCH2CH2)2S. It is a viscous liquid at normal temperatures. The pure compound has a melting point of 14 °C (57 °F) and decomposes before boiling at 218 °C (424 °F).
Q.5)Which of the following is wrong about Sodium iodate?
a)It is used in cosmetics
b)It is poisonous
c)It is a reducing agent
d)All are correct
Ans-[C]
Explanation-Sodium Iodate is an inorganic salt that is intended for use as an oxidizing agent in cosmetics, but no current uses have been reported. It is approved by the European Union for use as a preservative in rinse-off cosmetic products at concentrations no greater than 0.1%. Pure Sodium Iodate is a sufficiently strong oxidizing agent that it presents a fire risk near organic material, and it can react violently with aluminum, arsenic, carbon, copper, hydrogen peroxide, phosphorous, potassium, sulfur, and metal sulfides. Sodium Iodate is toxic to the retina; injection of 10^-4 M Sodium Iodate into the vitreous of rabbit eyes inactivated the electroretinogram in 1 day. Acute toxicity studies in mice show that concentrations of 505 mg/kg delivered orally is expected to cause convulsions and death in half the animals.
Q.6)The steroid responsible for balance of water and electrolytes in our body is
a) Insulin
b) Melatonin
c) Testosterone
d) Aldosterone
Ans-[D]
Explanation- Aldosterone affects the body’s ability to regulate blood pressure. It sends the signal to organs, like the kidney and colon, that can increase the amount of sodium the body sends into the bloodstream or the amount of potassium released in the urine. The hormone also causes the bloodstream to re-absorb water with the sodium to increase blood volume. All of these actions are integral to increasing and lowering blood vessels. Indirectly, the hormone also helps maintain the blood’s pH and electrolyte levels.
Aldosterone is closely linked to two other hormones: renin and angiotensin, which create the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This system is activated when the body experiences a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, such as after a drop in blood pressure, or a significant drop in blood volume after a hemorrhage or serious injury. Renin is responsible for the production of angiotensin, which then causes the release of aldosterone. Once the body is rehydrated and has proper salt levels in the blood, renin levels fall, and aldosterone levels lower as a result.
Q.7)Kupier belt is famous for housing:
a)Meteorites
b)Dwarf planets
c)Asteroids
d)Andromeda galaxy
Ans-[B]
Explanation-The Kuiper belt is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets: Pluto, Haumea, and Makemake. Some of the Solar System’s moons, such as Neptune’s Triton and Saturn’s Phoebe, are also thought to have originated in the region.
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