Thanks alot!"Philosophical basis of governance and probity" ->What is meant by this topic in GS-4 syllabus, anyone?So think about how different thinkers (Kautilya, Plato, Machiavelli, Locke etc) had different conceptions of what governance should be.
The topic is related to this. It's about understanding what should be the features of governance, what sort of governance should be considered good governance etc from a philosophical point of view.
Check Forum's Red Book on ethics. It has a couple of pages detailing this portion.
