{"id":1010,"date":"2026-08-09T18:45:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:15:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/comment-on-the-deliberative-democracy-in-150-words-upsc-psir-2019-0604\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:23:23","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:53:23","slug":"comment-on-the-deliberative-democracy-in-150-words-upsc-psir-2019-0604","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/comment-on-the-deliberative-democracy-in-150-words-upsc-psir-2019-0604\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment on the Deliberative democracy in 150 words."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> legitimacy from quality of reasoning, not counting of votes <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> voice over choice, debate over voting<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> democracy as reasoned judgement among free, equal citizens <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> laws valid only through free deliberation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>reject <b class=\"pq-sc\">Bentham<\/b>\u2019s aggregate democracy (sums preferences <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> majoritarianism) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Aristotle<\/b>: collective deliberation beats isolated experts <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Habermas<\/b>: communicative action, better argument over power <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Cohen<\/b>: deliberation as legitimacy + handling moral disagreement <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Rawls<\/b>: public reason, reasons others can accept <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> qualitative participation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> substantive democracy, informed citizens<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>power inequalities + dominant speech styles exclude weaker groups <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> time-consuming <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> fails to address real power relations<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> reason, not numbers, makes democracy substantive<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> promise holds only if inequality and exclusion are overcome<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[37],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[51],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1010","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-37","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-democracy","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1010\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4604,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1010\/revisions\/4604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1010"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1010"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1010"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}