{"id":1015,"date":"2026-08-09T18:45:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:15:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/deliberative-democracy-seeks-to-promote-democratic-decision-upsc-psir-2024-0609\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:23:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:53:25","slug":"deliberative-democracy-seeks-to-promote-democratic-decision-upsc-psir-2024-0609","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/deliberative-democracy-seeks-to-promote-democratic-decision-upsc-psir-2024-0609\/","title":{"rendered":"Deliberative democracy seeks to promote democratic decision making about public issues among the citizens. Discuss"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> legitimacy of public decisions rests on reasoned discussion, not vote-counting <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Bessette<\/b>\u2019s term set against <b class=\"pq-sc\">Bentham<\/b>\u2019s aggregate democracy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> majoritarian drift<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> question points to a manner of deciding <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> common concerns settled by citizens giving and weighing reasons<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>coercion-free dialogue as the core mechanism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Habermas<\/b>: communicative action, better argument not power, ideal speech <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Rawls<\/b>: public reason, reasons others can accept <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Cohen<\/b>: reasons accessible to all <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> legitimacy + moral disagreement <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> quantity to quality <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Gutmann &amp; Thompson<\/b>: mutually acceptable reasons <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sen<\/b>: government by discussion checks unchecked power, curbs majoritarianism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> deliberative devices (mini-publics, assemblies, polling) carry the ideal into practice<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>assumes reasonable, roughly equal citizens <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> power inequality distorts discussion <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> dominant speech styles <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> epistemic elite <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Fraser<\/b>: a single public sphere reproduces inequality <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> counter-publics for the marginalised<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> deliberation makes democracy substantive <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> voice over choice, debate over voting<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> promise to improve public decisions holds only where inclusion is real <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> exclusion actively addressed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[30],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[51],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1015","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-30","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-democracy","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1015\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4609,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1015\/revisions\/4609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1015"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1015"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1015"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}