{"id":1039,"date":"2026-08-09T18:46:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/what-do-you-understand-by-multiculturalism-discuss-bhikhu-parekhs-upsc-psir-2017-0903\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:23:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:53:32","slug":"what-do-you-understand-by-multiculturalism-discuss-bhikhu-parekhs-upsc-psir-2017-0903","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-do-you-understand-by-multiculturalism-discuss-bhikhu-parekhs-upsc-psir-2017-0903\/","title":{"rendered":"What do you understand by Multiculturalism? Discuss Bhikhu Parekh&#8217;s view on Multiculturalism."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> Define multiculturalism as the active recognition and accommodation of cultural diversity \u2014 beyond mere tolerance.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> Begin with the limit of universal abstract citizenship \u2014 that ignoring difference can itself be unjust \u2014 and present multiculturalism as the response.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>Multiculturalism vs tolerance, and vs value pluralism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> critique of abstract universal citizenship <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Will Kymlicka<\/b> \u2014 three minority rights: self-government, polyethnic, representation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Charles Taylor<\/b> \u2014 politics of recognition <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Bhikhu Parekh<\/b>, <i>Rethinking Multiculturalism<\/i> \u2014 humans are culturally constituted <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> non-static view \u2014 cultures revise through inter-cultural dialogue <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> institutions \u2014 multicultural education, affirmative action, <i>operative public values<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Susan Moller Okin<\/b> \u2014 group rights can shield practices harmful to women; <b class=\"pq-sc\">Amartya Sen<\/b> \u2014 risk of ghettoization that reduces individuals to a single identity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> Parekh\u2019s contribution is a path between assimilation and relativism \u2014 recognition plus accountability to shared civic norms.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> Multiculturalism is best read as a framework of dialogue, not a licence for cultural enclosure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[45],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[53],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1039","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-45","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-political-ideologies","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4633,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1039\/revisions\/4633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1039"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1039"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1039"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}