{"id":1055,"date":"2026-08-09T18:46:01","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:16:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/examine-gandhis-critique-of-modernisation-upsc-psir-2016-1103\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:23:37","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:53:37","slug":"examine-gandhis-critique-of-modernisation-upsc-psir-2016-1103","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/examine-gandhis-critique-of-modernisation-upsc-psir-2016-1103\/","title":{"rendered":"Examine Gandhi&#8217;s critique of \u2018Modernisation\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> not West-as-place but West-as-<i>type<\/i> <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>Hind Swaraj<\/i> (1909) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> \u2018Satanic\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> progress mismeasured as multiplying wants, not mastering them <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> restraint = true civilisation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><i>artha\/kama<\/i> over <i>dharma<\/i>, comfort over moral welfare, \u201chow much to forego\u201d <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b>Wellock<\/b> (greed, materialism, violence, loss of spirituality) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> machinery: \u201ccraze for machinery, not machinery as such&#8230; supreme consideration is man\u201d <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> industrialism\u2019s costs (unemployment, alienated labour, centralisation, ruined crafts) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Kumarappa<\/b> (\u201cno industrialization without predation\u201d) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> power gathers in state + capital <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> citizens as passive subjects <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>Swaraj<\/i> = decentralisation + moral autonomy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Tagore<\/b>: medieval, economically limiting, isolating <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Gandhi\u2019s reply: all cultures free about the house, but no cultural slavery<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> not backwardness but moral reconstruction <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>Swaraj<\/i>, <i>Swadeshi<\/i>, <i>Sarvodaya<\/i>, trusteeship<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> critique still alive in sustainability \/ simple-living debates<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[42],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[55],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1055","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-42","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-indian-political-thought","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4649,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1055\/revisions\/4649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1055"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1055"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1055"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}