{"id":1055,"date":"2026-08-09T18:46:01","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:16:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/examine-gandhis-critique-of-modernisation-upsc-psir-2016-1103\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:17","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:17","slug":"examine-gandhis-critique-of-modernisation-upsc-psir-2016-1103","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/examine-gandhis-critique-of-modernisation-upsc-psir-2016-1103\/","title":{"rendered":"Examine Gandhi&#8217;s critique of \u2018Modernisation\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">rR! not West-as-place but West-as-type \u2192 Hind Swaraj (1909) \u2192 \u2018Satanic\u2019 R2 progress mismeasured as multiplying wants, not mastering them \u2192 restraint = true civilisation<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">mime artha\/kama over dharma, comfort over moral welfare, \u201chow much to forego\u201d \u2192 Wellock (greed, materialism, violence, loss of spirituality) \u2192 machinery: \u201ccraze for machinery, not machinery as such&#8230; supreme consideration is man\u201d \u2192 industrialism\u2019s costs (unemployment, alienated labour, centralisation, ruined crafts) \u2192 Kumarappa (\u201cno industrialization without predation\u2019) \u2192 power gathers in state + capital \u2192 citizens as passive subjects \u2192 Swaraj = decentralisation + moral autonomy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">Tagore: medieval, economically limiting, isolating \u2192 Gandhi\u2019s reply: all cultures free about the house, but no cultural slavery<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">Conclusion R1 not backwardness but moral reconstruction \u2192 Swaraj, routes Swadeshi, Sarvodaya, trusteeship R2 critique still alive in sustainability \/ simple-living debates<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[42],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[55],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1055","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-42","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-indian-political-thought","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3315,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1055\/revisions\/3315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1055"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1055"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1055"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}