{"id":1068,"date":"2026-08-09T18:46:03","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:16:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/comment-on-the-machiavellis-secularism-in-150-words-upsc-psir-2020-1204\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:23:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:53:41","slug":"comment-on-the-machiavellis-secularism-in-150-words-upsc-psir-2020-1204","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/comment-on-the-machiavellis-secularism-in-150-words-upsc-psir-2020-1204\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment on the Machiavelli\u2019s secularism in 150 words."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> revolutionary break from medieval tradition <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> religion no longer the basis of the state <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> repudiates <b class=\"pq-sc\">Aquinas<\/b>\u2019s divine law<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> secularism = the debate <b class=\"pq-sc\">Machiavelli<\/b> opened in Europe <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> state freed from religious determination <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> break from the medieval order<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>emancipation of state from religion <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> state as autonomous institution <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> highest human association <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> supreme in worldly matters <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> driven by the aim of a strong state \/ national interest <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> complete secularisation of politics<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>secularism <i>not<\/i> a rejection of religion <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> religion as a social force\/bond <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> harnessed for political obligation &amp; unity <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> religion becomes an organ of state policy, not its guiding source<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> separation of politics from religion\u2019s vassalage (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Dunning<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> entry into the modern age<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> religion retained as the state\u2019s instrument, not its master <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> foundation of European secularism<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[41],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[56],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1068","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-41","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-western-political-thought","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4662,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1068\/revisions\/4662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1068"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1068"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1068"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}