{"id":1075,"date":"2026-08-09T18:46:04","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/john-stuart-mill-is-a-reluctant-democrat-c-l-wayper-upsc-psir-2013-1303\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:18","slug":"john-stuart-mill-is-a-reluctant-democrat-c-l-wayper-upsc-psir-2013-1303","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/john-stuart-mill-is-a-reluctant-democrat-c-l-wayper-upsc-psir-2013-1303\/","title":{"rendered":"John Stuart Mill is a \u2018reluctant democrat\u2019. &#8211; C. L. Wayper"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">defends representative government \u2192 but conditions democracy at every turn | \u2192 Wayper&#039;s &#039;reluctant democrat\u2019 \u2192 captures caution, not commitment representative government is his best practicable form \u2192 yet refuses unqualified majority rule \u2192 Wayper names this hesitation<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">best practicable form (society too complex for direct rule) \u2192 also educative (reason, judgement, political efficacy) \u2192 but democracy no free gift \u2192 fitness via civic culture + education \u2192 benevolent despotism for colonies (India, China) \u2192 Tocqueville&#039;s fear: majority tyranny, mediocracy, mobocracy \u2192 safeguards: plural \/weighted voting, educational filters, second chamber<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">radical-democratic strands pull back \u2192 women&#039;s suffrage, minority representation, broad participation, open voting, state education \u2192 not anti-democratic<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">reluctant only in scope, pace, institutional design \u2192 label fits hesitation, not faith champion of democracy, critic of crude majoritarianism \u2192 committed in principle, hesitant in form<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[46],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[56],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1075","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-46","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-western-political-thought","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2493,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1075\/revisions\/2493"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1075"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1075"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1075"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}