{"id":1095,"date":"2026-08-09T18:46:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:16:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/trace-the-role-of-militant-and-revolutionary-movements-in-indian-upsc-psir-2020-1504\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:23:50","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:53:50","slug":"trace-the-role-of-militant-and-revolutionary-movements-in-indian-upsc-psir-2020-1504","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/trace-the-role-of-militant-and-revolutionary-movements-in-indian-upsc-psir-2020-1504\/","title":{"rendered":"Trace the role of militant and revolutionary movements in Indian national movement."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> moderate constitutionalism failed to win concessions <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> militant + revolutionary movements gave nationalism its first language of defiance<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> goal widened from reform to complete freedom <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> these two currents drove that shift<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>militant reaction to moderate \u201cpolitical mendicancy\u201d (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Aurobindo<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b>Tilak, Pal, Rai, Aurobindo<\/b> <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>Swaraj<\/i> through Swadeshi, boycott, national education, passive resistance <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Swadeshi Movement (partition of Bengal, 1905) = first mass agitation, beyond elite <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sumit Sarkar<\/b>: revolutionary trend within Swadeshi <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> secret societies (Anushilan, Jugantar, Abhinav Bharat, Ghadar) + armed action <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> HRA <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> HSRA\u2019s socialist\u2013secular turn <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Bhagat Singh<\/b>\u2019s anti-imperialism + rejection of communalism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> women (<b>Pritilata<\/b>) widen the base<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>narrow, urban, middle-class base <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> individual heroism could not replace sustained mass politics<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> courage + radical critique kept complete independence alive when constitutional politics paused<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> not self-sufficient, but energised and radicalised the wider national movement<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[41],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[57],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1095","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-41","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-indian-nationalism","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1095","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1095\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4689,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1095\/revisions\/4689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1095"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1095"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1095"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}