{"id":1101,"date":"2026-08-09T18:46:07","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:16:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/national-movement-in-india-was-anti-imperialist-and-increasingly-upsc-psir-2019-1604\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:23:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:53:52","slug":"national-movement-in-india-was-anti-imperialist-and-increasingly-upsc-psir-2019-1604","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/national-movement-in-india-was-anti-imperialist-and-increasingly-upsc-psir-2019-1604\/","title":{"rendered":"National movement in India was anti-imperialist and increasingly radical in its socio-economic and political programmes. Discuss."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> anti-imperialist from the start <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> British rule seen as exploitative and alien<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> constant core, deepening trajectory <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> political demand and socio-economic content both hardened over time<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>Moderate drain critique (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Naoroji<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Extremist rejection of colonial legitimacy + <i>Swaraj<\/i> (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Tilak<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>Swadeshi<\/i> as mass economic anti-imperialism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Gandhian mass struggle (Non-Cooperation \/ Civil Disobedience \/ Quit India) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Lahore 1929 \/ <i>Purna Swaraj<\/i> (political radicalisation) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Russian Revolution <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> socialist turn (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Nehru<\/b>, <b class=\"pq-sc\">Bose<\/b>, Congress Socialist Party) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> HSRA anti-capitalist \/ anti-feudal <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Karachi Resolution 1931 (rights + economic programme) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Kisan Sabhas \/ trade unions (class enters nationalism)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>radical in ideals, cautious in strategy <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Congress hesitant before landlordism <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> class adjustment over class war<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> anti-imperialism the constant; radicalism the trajectory, in both goal and programme<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> revolutionary in social ambition <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> fuller social transformation deferred to the Constitution<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[37],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[57],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1101","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-37","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-indian-nationalism","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4695,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1101\/revisions\/4695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1101"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1101"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1101"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}