{"id":1115,"date":"2026-08-09T18:46:11","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:16:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/article-368-does-not-enable-parliament-to-alter-the-basic-upsc-psir-2016-1801\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:23:56","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:53:56","slug":"article-368-does-not-enable-parliament-to-alter-the-basic-upsc-psir-2016-1801","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/article-368-does-not-enable-parliament-to-alter-the-basic-upsc-psir-2016-1801\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Article 368 does not enable Parliament to alter the basic structure or framework of the Constitution\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> Art 368 = constituent power to amend <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> wide but not unlimited<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> statement settles the debate <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> amendment \u2260 destruction of identity<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><i>Shankari Prasad \/ Sajjan Singh<\/i> (FRs amendable) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b>Mudholkar<\/b>\u2019s \u201cbasic features\u201d hint <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>Golaknath<\/i> (FRs barred) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>Kesavananda Bharati<\/i> 1973 (any part, not basic structure) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>Minerva Mills<\/i> (limited amending power itself basic) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Chandrachud<\/b> (donee can\u2019t make limited power unlimited) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> elements: supremacy, democracy, secularism, federalism, judicial review<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Austin<\/b>: judicial statesmanship guarding the spirit <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sathe<\/b>: judicial rewriting without textual basis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> Art 368 authorizes amendment, not abrogation of identity<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> doctrine preserves constitutional identity against majoritarian amendment<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[42],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[59],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1115","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-42","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-salient-features-of-the-indian-constitution","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4709,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1115\/revisions\/4709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1115"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1115"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1115"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}