{"id":1128,"date":"2026-08-09T18:46:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:16:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/pyq\/judiciary-has-acquired-the-role-of-both-a-legislature-and-an-upsc-psir-2017-1903\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:01","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:01","slug":"judiciary-has-acquired-the-role-of-both-a-legislature-and-an-upsc-psir-2017-1903","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/judiciary-has-acquired-the-role-of-both-a-legislature-and-an-upsc-psir-2017-1903\/","title":{"rendered":"Judiciary has acquired the role of both, a legislature and an executive in recent years. Examine with suitable examples."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> Core judicial role = adjudication + constitutional review, <i>not<\/i> law-making\/administration <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> but Arts 32, 226, 136, 142 + PIL pull courts into both <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> filling gaps or replacing elected branches?<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> Claim partly real <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> judiciary has stepped into legislative + executive space <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> where does activism end and overreach begin?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b>Legislature side:<\/b> <i>Vishaka<\/i> guidelines = binding law till the 2013 Act <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Article 142 directions (khap panchayats, firecrackers) read like statutes <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>Unnikrishnan \/ Mohini Jain<\/i> expand Art 21 to education <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> courts doing legislation\u2019s work. <b>Executive side:<\/b> <i>Prakash Singh<\/i> enters police-reform domain <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <i>M.C. Mehta<\/i> pollution standards, forest governance, 2G <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> continuing mandamus = sustained supervision, court acts like executive<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Baxi<\/b> defends activism as social justice (chemotherapy of carcinogenic politics) vs <b class=\"pq-sc\">Pratap Bhanu Mehta<\/b> (courts as political institutions, basic structure expands power) + <b class=\"pq-sc\">Shunmugasundaram<\/b> (judges \u2260 legislators\/administrators) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> democratic deficit: unelected, no policy accountability<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> Claim partly true <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> courts entered both domains, but mainly where elected branches defaulted<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> Activism legitimate when it protects rights \/ fills gaps <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> overreach when judges <i>replace<\/i>, not <i>prompt<\/i>, legislature\/executive<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[45],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[60],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1128","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-45","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-principal-organs-of-the-union-and-state-government","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4722,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1128\/revisions\/4722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1128"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1128"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1128"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}