{"id":1332,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:45","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/enunciate-the-impediments-to-womens-participation-in-local-upsc-psir-2025-2012\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:08","slug":"enunciate-the-impediments-to-womens-participation-in-local-upsc-psir-2025-2012","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/enunciate-the-impediments-to-womens-participation-in-local-upsc-psir-2025-2012\/","title":{"rendered":"Enunciate the impediments to women\u2019s participation in local governance in the process of political decentralisation."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> 73rd\/74th reserved 1\/3 seats + chairperson posts <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> 10 lakh+ women entered <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> presence achieved<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> decentralisation widened entry, not participation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> impediments sit in the gap between <i>presence<\/i> and <i>power<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>proxy control most visible (\u201cPati Panchayat\u201d, <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sudha Pai<\/b>; male relatives attend \u2014 <b>Susheela Kaushik<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> rests on patriarchy (purdah, mobility curbs, male-leadership-as-natural; 2004 Haryana study) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> capability deficit (low education\/training <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> dependence on officials + male kin) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> double burden (household + family interference + no official cooperation \u2014 <b class=\"pq-sc\">Bidyut Mohanty<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> institutional hostility inside councils (presence unacknowledged, not allowed to speak\/seek info, no-confidence misused \u2014 <b class=\"pq-sc\">James Manor<\/b>) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> security + economic dependence + digital divide <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> structural flaw: rotation of reserved seats blocks re-election (<b class=\"pq-sc\">Rohini Pande<\/b>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>impediments are not a case against reservation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> same decentralisation shifted local priorities (water\/health\/education) where women act freely <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> barriers are removable, not inherent<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> door opened by decentralisation; substantive participation needs the second step \u2014 capacity, safety, longer tenure, curbing proxy<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> reservation gave the seat; converting seat into voice means breaking patriarchy + institutional resistance<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[36],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[61],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1332","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-36","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-grassroots-democracy","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1332\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4744,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1332\/revisions\/4744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1332"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1332"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1332"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}