{"id":1346,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:46","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-asymmetrical-federalism-in-india-upsc-psir-2013-2204\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:23","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:23","slug":"discuss-asymmetrical-federalism-in-india-upsc-psir-2013-2204","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/discuss-asymmetrical-federalism-in-india-upsc-psir-2013-2204\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss asymmetrical federalism in India."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">Rr} asymmetry = different units, different powers\/status under one Constitution \u2192 contrast with symmetry \u2192 nota flaw but a device R2 India blends common framework (symmetry) + special arrangements (asymmetry) \u2192 tool to accommodate deep diversity<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">Watts: political asymmetry (size \/population \/weight) vs constitutional asymmetry \u2192 vertical \/horizontal, de jure\/de facto \u2192 Indian forms: Art 370 (pre-2019), Art 371 series, Fifth &amp; Sixth Schedules, UTs with legislatures (Delhi, Puducherry) \u2192 rationale: equal treatment of unequal regions breeds injustice \u2192 Austin (hold together a plural society) + Kymlicka (differentiated citizenship)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">Tarlton (separatism) + Barry (two classes of citizenship) \u2192 Govinda Rao: transparent asymmetry serves nation-building, discriminatory asymmetry harms unity<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">rR! functional device, not a defect \u2192 sound when constitutional, transparent, negotiated R2 harmful when politicised \/ arbitrary \u2192 its worth depends on how it is used<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[46],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[63],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1346","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-46","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-federalism","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1346\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2570,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1346\/revisions\/2570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1346"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1346"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1346"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}