{"id":1356,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:47","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-do-you-understand-by-green-revolution-do-you-think-that-a-upsc-psir-2017-2303\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:16","slug":"what-do-you-understand-by-green-revolution-do-you-think-that-a-upsc-psir-2017-2303","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/what-do-you-understand-by-green-revolution-do-you-think-that-a-upsc-psir-2017-2303\/","title":{"rendered":"What do you understand by Green Revolution? Do you think that a Second Green Revolution is needed to adequately address the agrarian challenges in contemporary India? Examine."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> GR = HYV-seed + input + assured-price package (mid-1960s), <b class=\"pq-sc\">Swaminathan\/Borlaug<\/b> <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> \u2018begging bowl\u2019 to \u2018grain bowl\u2019, self-sufficiency <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> but gains narrow, model now exhausted<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> GR ended food scarcity and famine fear <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> yet its costs bred today\u2019s distress <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> so the question is what <i>kind<\/i> of second revolution, not whether to repeat<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>gains carried costs <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Frankel<\/b>: economic gains + political costs <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> regional imbalance (Punjab\/Haryana\/W-UP vs eastern + rainfed) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Shiva<\/b>: ecological price (groundwater \/ soil \/ monoculture) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> chemical-heavy path <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> today\u2019s crisis (suicides, debt, low profitability) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> SGR needed, not a repeat <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Swaminathan<\/b>\u2019s \u201cEvergreen Revolution\u201d: productivity without ecological harm <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> eastern + dryland focus, watershed, micro-irrigation, diversification, climate-resilient \/ organic<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>technology alone cannot settle a political-economic crisis <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Dreze &amp; Sen<\/b>: rising availability \u2260 fair distribution<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> yes, needed \u2014 but only as an Evergreen Revolution tied to procurement\/MSP reform, public investment and secure land tenure <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> seeds alone insufficient<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> a second revolution for eastern\/rainfed India and sustainability, yet the crisis is political-economic <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> success rests on institutional reform, not technology alone<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[45],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[64],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1356","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-45","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-planning-and-economic-development","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1356\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4768,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1356\/revisions\/4768"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1356"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1356"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1356"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}