{"id":1357,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:47","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/examine-the-various-causes-of-agrarian-crisis-in-india-upsc-psir-2018-2304\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:16","slug":"examine-the-various-causes-of-agrarian-crisis-in-india-upsc-psir-2018-2304","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/examine-the-various-causes-of-agrarian-crisis-in-india-upsc-psir-2018-2304\/","title":{"rendered":"Examine the various causes of agrarian crisis in India."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> visible distress (suicides, marches, migration) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> crisis of profitability<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> farming no longer viable <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> causes structural &amp; policy-driven, not natural<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>unreformed land base (failed reforms, fragmentation, tenant exclusion \/ PM-Kisan) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> state retreat (falling investment, weak irrigation, no extension) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Dhanagare<\/b>: dependence shifts landlords <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> markets, state fails to regulate <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> liberalisation exposure (WTO, subsidised imports, price shocks, input costs, moneylenders) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Gulati<\/b>: farmer gets ~25% of consumer price <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> climate stress (drought, groundwater) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> rainfed suicides Maharashtra\/Karnataka<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p><b class=\"pq-sc\">Sen &amp; Bhagwati<\/b>: subsidies mainly aid rich farmers, remove them <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> fault is misdirected support, not its absence<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Sainath<\/b>: neoliberal policy + corporate input costs, not natural failure<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Swaminathan<\/b>\u2019s remedy: procurement + C2+50% MSP as the corrective<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[43],"pyq_marks":[31],"pyq_topic":[64],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1357","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-43","pyq_marks-20-marks","pyq_topic-planning-and-economic-development","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1357\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4769,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1357\/revisions\/4769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1357"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1357"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1357"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}