{"id":1359,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:47","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/liberalisation-of-indian-economy-has-not-been-accompanied-with-upsc-psir-2020-2306\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:24","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:24","slug":"liberalisation-of-indian-economy-has-not-been-accompanied-with-upsc-psir-2020-2306","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/liberalisation-of-indian-economy-has-not-been-accompanied-with-upsc-psir-2020-2306\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Liberalisation of Indian economy has not been accompanied with adequate reforms. Comment."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">G9 1991 ended License Raj \u2192 opening confined to trade &amp; industry \u2192 complementary reforms left undone reform real but partial \u2192 product markets opened, institutions &amp; factor markets untouched \u2192 statement captures the gap<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">1991 changes real: delicensing, tariff cuts, financial liberalisation, FDI \u2192 growth, reserves, IT\/telecom\/services \u2192 Ahluwalia\u2019s defence \u2192 but no matching reform in agriculture, labour, land, credit, social sector \u2192 weak governance, slow courts, exposed regulators, bank bad loans \u2192 jobless &amp; regionally uneven growth, vulnerable informal sector, cronyism in land\/resources\/PSUs \u2192 Acemoglu &amp; Robinson: institutions decide long-run success \u2192 middle- income-trap risk<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">defenders\u2019 case (Ahluwalia): real growth + falling poverty vindicate 1991 \u2192 set against incompleteness: gains stayed narrow because deeper reform never followed<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">G9 statement holds \u2192 reform partial, not misdirected \u2192 unfinished agenda remains Ahluwalia\u2019s agenda \u2014 factor markets, state capacity, human capital \u2192 adequacy still pending<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[41],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[64],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1359","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-41","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-planning-and-economic-development","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1359\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2583,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1359\/revisions\/2583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1359"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1359"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1359"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}