{"id":1360,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:47","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/high-concentration-of-economic-activities-and-consumption-upsc-psir-2022-2307\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:17","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:17","slug":"high-concentration-of-economic-activities-and-consumption-upsc-psir-2022-2307","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/high-concentration-of-economic-activities-and-consumption-upsc-psir-2022-2307\/","title":{"rendered":"High concentration of economic activities and consumption patterns in post-liberalisation period has"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> earlier mass base: Chipko \/ Appiko \/ NBA \/ Silent Valley <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> post-1991 base weakens<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> liberalisation reorders priorities <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> growth placed over ecology <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> movements lose ground<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>liberalisation concentrates industry \/ mining \/ infrastructure + FDI-driven extraction <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> tribal belts (Jharkhand \/ Odisha \/ Chhattisgarh \/ Andhra) <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> deforestation + displacement <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> growth prioritised over ecology <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Arun Kumar<\/b>: state\u2013MNC nexus + weak enforcement + quick clearances + fragmented, expert-led mobilisation <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> consumption patterns: hyper-consumerism \/ food waste \/ rising Gini <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Meadows<\/b>: environmentalism never an organized movement, media can\u2019t cover it<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>failure only partial <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Supreme Court jurisprudence fills the gap <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> polluter pays \/ precautionary principle \/ Article 21 \u201cright to environment\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> concentration + consumption together displaced mass ecological mobilisation<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> revival needs stronger enforcement + wider public participation + democratic ecological planning<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[47],"pyq_marks":[38],"pyq_topic":[64],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1360","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-47","pyq_marks-10-marks","pyq_topic-planning-and-economic-development","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4772,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1360\/revisions\/4772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1360"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1360"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1360"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}