{"id":1376,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:49","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/comment-on-the-emergence-of-backward-classes-in-the-indian-upsc-psir-2016-2501\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:24:22","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T15:54:22","slug":"comment-on-the-emergence-of-backward-classes-in-the-indian-upsc-psir-2016-2501","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/comment-on-the-emergence-of-backward-classes-in-the-indian-upsc-psir-2016-2501\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment on the emergence of Backward classes in the Indian Politics."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>\u2014 how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> Backward Class rise = <b>Kothari\u2019s<\/b> \u201cpoliticisation of caste\u201d <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> social presence turned into bargaining power<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> emergence read as democratic upsurge <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> representation widens, but unevenly<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>socio-economic roots: zamindari abolition + Green Revolution <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> intermediate peasant castes <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Rudolph<\/b> \u201cbullock capitalists\u201d <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> two channels: <b class=\"pq-sc\">Charan Singh<\/b> <i>kisan politics<\/i> \/ <b class=\"pq-sc\">Lohia<\/b> <i>quota politics<\/i> <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Karpoori Thakur<\/b>, Janata Dal <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Mandal 27% <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">V.P. Singh<\/b> 1990 <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Jaffrelot<\/b> \u201csilent revolution\u201d (leaders from own milieu)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p>OBCs not cohesive <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Yadav dominance vs MBC exclusion <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> Hindu nationalism as competing identity <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> BJP social engineering absorbs non-dominant OBCs<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 1<\/i> <b class=\"pq-sc\">Kaviraj<\/b>: hierarchy of castes <span class=\"pq-ar\">\u2192<\/span> \u201cdemocracy of castes\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"pq-r\"><i class=\"pq-rt\">Route 2<\/i> representation widened, justice still pending<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[42],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[66],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1376","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-42","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-party-system","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1376\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4788,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1376\/revisions\/4788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1376"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1376"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1376"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}