{"id":1385,"date":"2026-08-09T19:11:50","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/the-decade-1989-1999-has-created-an-epochal-shift-in-the-indian-upsc-psir-2023-2510\/"},"modified":"2026-08-09T21:56:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:26:25","slug":"the-decade-1989-1999-has-created-an-epochal-shift-in-the-indian-upsc-psir-2023-2510","status":"publish","type":"psir_pyq","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/psir-pyq\/the-decade-1989-1999-has-created-an-epochal-shift-in-the-indian-upsc-psir-2023-2510\/","title":{"rendered":"The decade 1989-1999 has created an epochal shift in the Indian party system at the national level. Identify the major national trends in the party system during this era."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pq-flow\">\n<div class=\"pq-flow-h\">Flow snapshot <em>&mdash; how the answer moves<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p1\"><span>Intro routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">_\u2014-*\u00ae!&#039;_\u2014\u00ab1989 ends Kothari&#039;s \u201cCongress System\u201d \u2192 M. P. Singh&#039;s federal coalition phase opens R2_ epochal shift = one passage, single-party dominance \u2192 coalition order; trends read as its facets<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p2\"><span>Body flow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">end of Congress dominance \u2192 fragmented mandate (National Front \/ V. P. Singh 1989, minority &amp; short-lived govts) \u2192 Mandal 1990 \u2192 OBC \/ social- justice base \u2192 Babri demolition + Hindutva \u2192 BJP as national alternative \u2192 regional parties central (United Front \/ Deve Gowda-Gujral) \u2192 1991 liberalization changes agenda<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p3\"><span>Counter-view<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">Coalitions not new + instability till 1999 \u2192 \u201cepochal rupture\u201d claim qualified<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-fb\">\n<div class=\"pq-pill p4\"><span>Conclusion routes<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"pq-ft\">= \u00ae!&#039;_\u2014~ shift epochal as durable arrival of federal coalition politics R2 less a sudden break, more a churn that stabilises at the decade&#039;s close (1999 NDA)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"pyq_year":[34],"pyq_marks":[35],"pyq_topic":[66],"pyq_paper":[33],"class_list":["post-1385","psir_pyq","type-psir_pyq","status-publish","hentry","pyq_year-34","pyq_marks-15-marks","pyq_topic-party-system","pyq_paper-paper-1"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/psir_pyq"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2608,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/psir_pyq\/1385\/revisions\/2608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"pyq_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_year?post=1385"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_marks","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_marks?post=1385"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_topic?post=1385"},{"taxonomy":"pyq_paper","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/psir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pyq_paper?post=1385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}